Mining: izibalo

Noshishino lokomba yanamhlanje, indlela ishishini elithile, kutshanje landa kakhulu ngamandla kwifuthe lazo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Okwangoku, kuthatha 5 indawo simo kwimimandla inkulu mveliso, ilandelwe yi-computer, amayeza, oyile negesi kunye namacandelo zebhanki. ushishino lwemigodi Russian yenye ngobukhulu yaye inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso kwale ngingqi ngokubanzi.

Eli candelo libandakanya ezininzi izityalo ezincinci eziqulathe le nezokukhupha kwezimbiwa (udongwe, mica, asbestos, mifanekiso, potash intsimi potassium, ikalika, iidayimani, amalahle, uranium esikrwada, intsimbi, i izinyithi amanene nesiseko, kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo kwezimbiwa ukwakhiwa). Nezokukhupha igesi kunye namafutha kwiimeko ezininzi nayo inxulumene kushishino lwezimbiwa. Uphuhliso yi zombini komhlaba (imigodi) kunye (career) iindlela evulekileyo.

Kule minyaka 6 kushishino lwezimbiwa uvukile ukusuka kwindawo 24 ukuya 5 phakathi kumashishini eziphambili ehlabathini. Iinkampani ezinkulu azinziswe kakhulu kwizikhundla phambili kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini (Rio Tinto, Vale).

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho lizwe umthamo zidibene zonke iintlobo ehlabathini zamatye kunye neeminerali. Kuphela 10 kubo, abazinkokheli inani ezimbiwa ngaphandle, ziyakwazi ukuvelisa 35 iintlobo zeemveliso kwezimbiwa. Phakathi kwabo, Canada, South Africa, India, Brazil, eOstreliya, eUnited States, China naseRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso kushishino ubunkokheli engatshintshiyo ugcina China.

Xa amazwe "kwimida" ushishino lwezimbiwa imalunga 2.5% yemveliso iyonke kumazwe aphuhlileyo ngakumbi eli nani isusela ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya nge-16 ekhulwini. Kwamazwe aseYurophu, Denmark kuphela, eNetherlands, Norway kunye Bulgaria equlunqiweyo kakuhle, ishishini.

EChile, Russia, Australia, uMzantsi Afrika kunye Canada ezenza phezulu iinkokeli ezintlanu zehlabathi kushishino lwezimbiwa. Kunye nendima kwicandelo kula kuqoqosho liye landa kakhulu kule minyaka yamva nje kwaye ama-15%.

Intsimbi, ubhedu, amalahle - izixhobo zendalo, ngenxa apho kumazwe aphuhlileyo ke ingeniso kakhulu; akhawunti bona ngenxa-65%.

Ngo-2011 noshishino lokomba lwehlabathi ukwandisa imveliso yayo nge-6%.

Ubizwa ngokuba imeko yangoku yemicimbi bakwezemigodi lwehlabathi kunokuba kokuqala kwekhefu ebizwa ngokuba "era entsha". Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, kukho ezinye bokuqonda: ukunyuka kweendleko landile ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi abanezakhono, kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa entsimini kunye isitokhwe ezincinane ngokwaneleyo esezantsi-umgangatho, eyila imigodi kusekho iyabiza, njengoba indawo yemveliso anzima kwaye ibekwe akude kwizixeko ezinkulu .

Ngenxa yoko, sitsho ngengqiniseko ukuba ushishino lwezimbiwa yehlabathi luxhomekeke kakhulu kumanyathelo kumazwe asaphuhlayo (ikakhulu China njenge umboleki enkulu iimveliso zoshishino). Ukwanda kakhulu kwemfuno abangela isiyaluyalu, Brazil, Indonesia, India. Kwakhona khumbula malunga nento yokuba iUnited States ukufeza kwakhona kuqoqosho yayo kwaye ahlale enye abathengi inkulu. Yonke idatha ngasentla onika ithemba nozinzo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi entsimini kwemigodi, kodwa le ngozi uhlale apho. Okwangoku, ukuthengwa asethi ezikhoyo kufuneka ukhethe ukwakha eyakho. Noko ke, ukuba ukuphelela kakuhle ngakumbi nelula inkampani ukuqwalasela ngcono iindlela zokuphucula izinto iske endaweni yokwakha entsha ngokupheleleyo.