Le ncwadi idumileyo ehlabathini. Zokukala iincwadi kakhulu ethandwa mihla

Incwadi yokuqala ukuvela eRashiya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI, xa umshicileli yokuqala Ivan Fedorov, ngalo ubabalo Metropolitan of Kiev uYohane waqalisa umsebenzi kwi "Umpostile." Le ncwadi ilungiselelwe zonqulo iqulethe yeZenzo kwiTestamente Entsha, kwaneeleta zabapostile, kwakunye alilluiarii iivesi kwiiNdumiso. Isiseko kwabekwa yazo.

sele kudlule iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu ukususela kokupapashwa "uMpostile", amanzi amaninzi owehla. Namhlanje cinezela kushicilelo lwangoku bangashicilela amakhulu amawaka iincwadi kunye nemifanekiso enombala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo iziciko. Izigidi abafundi nilindele imbonakalo ezishelfini yeencwadi ezithandwayo kunye undingqavulayo kubo ngephanyazo. Le misebenzi umthombo enkulu ubutyebi yokomoya yomntu mihla, kunye nokurhafiswa iincwadi ezininzi ethandwa ukunyuka.

Indima iincwadi

"Isizwe Russian - ukufundwa kakhulu ehlabathini" - amazwi omnye referents ye CPSU Central Committee for Culture (mhlawumbi waphinda Iqhalo sakudala) waba isilogeni wonke ummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Ngaba wabagwebelayo, hayi ukuba kugweba. Noko ke, iincwadi IsiRashiya iingcambu ezendeleyo zembali (ngenkulungwane XI BC. E.). yobuciko ezinkulu zoncwadi, ubukhulu becala-ngqangi, ngoku agcinwe eMoscow, eSt Petersburg kunye nezinye izixeko Russian. Le ezakudala of XVIII-XIX weminyaka kufakwa kwiprogram yoqeqesho njengoko izikolo eziziisekondari neeyunivesithi. YaseChekhov and Dostoevsky, Chernyshevsky kunye Griboyedov, amashumi kunye amakhulu nababhali zibe negalelo ebuncwaneni iincwadi Russian. Kwaye iincwadi, iincwadi, iincwadi ...

IBhayibhile i "Capital"

Le ncwadi ethandwayo - kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iBhayibhile, nto leyo yinxalenye yobomi kwizigidi ngezigidi zabantu hayi kuphela eRussia kodwa kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini. Hayi kudala, "Capital" - umsebenzi esisiseko Karla Marksa amadlala ongxowankulu - nalo ingqalelo uhlelo edumileyo, oko kwakufuneka ukufunda ngamagosa iqela eSoviet, kwakunye izigidi ezininzi amalungu oluntu eqhelekileyo Communist Party eSoviet Union.

Ukuze athi ukuba umsebenzi Karla Marksa - ncwadi idumileyo, inokuba ukuzolula, ngokuba kwayo waphoselwa ngenxa obo buvuvu kumajelo eendaba. Into efanayo kunye uhlelo multi-umthamo imisebenzi V. I. Lenina - nje isasazwe phantsi komyalelo, nangona abathengisi ababekho phantsi kwesihloko "Imirhumo".

Ngasekupheleni-imi- 50 lencwadi lemarike yiSoviet Union kwakukho ingxaki enkulu: ukuba benze ntoni ke nangeencwadi Stalin kaThixo imithamo 18, eziprintiweyo ezingamaphepha elungileyo, ilaphu-inshorensi kunye boonobumba yegolide, kuye kwasasazwa iikopi amawaka-300. Emva kokuba wamashumi Party Congress, ebanjwe 1956, nokugxeka ubuntu babezinikele yinkokeli incwadi ndawo ukuya. Ubuninzi yatshatyalaliswa yamaziko evulekileyo-eziko, kwaye kwiimeko ezimbalwa kungonga namhlanje ixabiso lwepaki.

edition Russian

iincwadi uthandwayo namhlanje Russia - it iinoveli Bulgakov kunye namabali, xa wobugcisa ethile ingaphelelwayo "Mfundisi noMargarita", amabali yaseChekhov kunye neenoveli, umsebenzi ezintle ubuncwane Kuprina Gogol uvuthondaba. Emva koko imisebenzi ngokunzulu nangokwasengqondweni Dostoyevsky, Leskov Ibali-fiction, ochukumisa tale Bazhov ... Le ncwadi ethandwayo Russian angathumela ngonaphakade.

Iihambo zoncwadi kwimbali Boris Akunin - likufutshane ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kodwa akukho imisebenzi ngaphantsi odumileyo. Kuba abalandeli iincwadi zeentsomi umcuphi zipapashwe Aleksandry Marininoy kunye uDaria Dontsova, Tatyana Ustinova kunye Polina Dashkova. Umntu ezifana abecuphi isigqebelo, umntu ibali ngqo, kodwa ngazwi - incwadi umdla ukufunda.

abacuphi

iincwadi uthandwayo namhlanje zithiwe thaca njengoko kwamnandi, zaseMelika kunye abacuphi ezopolitiko. Detective palette iincwadi Russian ebanzi kwaye kuquka iimveliso ezifana "Petrovka 38" yaye "Ogareva, 6" UJuliana bake, "Era Uncedo" Abazalwana Weiner "Ihotele" ebona Abafileyo "bazalwana Strugackih. Noko ke, abafundi Russian musa ukundishiya nomcuphi kunye adventure iincwadi ngababhali bamanye amazwe. iincwadi waqonda umcuphi uhlobo Classic, yayingeyiyo Artura Konan Doyle, kwaye ngoku uqhayisa lwendawo ezishelfini ezigidi baseRashiya.

Sherlock Holmes

Adventure zokucupha Sherlock Holmes kunye nomhlobo wakhe UGqr Watson - esi obukhulu nanto, ihamba uluhlu iincwadi uthandwayo fiction umcuphi iminyaka emininzi. Umbhali Artura Konan Doyle, kukho omnye uthotho imisebenzi azinikele yinkokeli Pirates, uCaptain Sharkey. La mabali abanayo ukuqala kwakho, ukuba sifunda ezintsha kunye nobuchule Louis Bussenar, ingakumbi, i inoveli "The abaqweqwedisi yeedayimane."

Books Love

Okwesibini kuphela eyinyani zokucupha ukuba umfundi Russian ezi iinoveli, novellas kunye namabali amafutshane ngothando. iziza Melodramatic, uthando oonxantathu, ulonwabo kunye nesingqala, lo apotheosis uthando kunye isiwo sayo - nto konke apho ayisashicilelwa.

ubudlelwane Classical romantic kubonakaliswe yemveliso "Eugene Onegin," inoveli Pushkin kaThixo "Mfundisi noMargarita" yi Bulgakov, kweli bali "Shulamith" Kuprin kunye nabanye abaninzi. Le ncwadi uthandwayo uthando zifumaneka kwiilayibrari bookshops.

Vil'mont and Demidov

Wababhali abaziwayo zokubhala wangoku umxholo uthando - n Vilmont. ungakhetha "Ubuqhetseba amanzi acocekileyo" ukusuka yokugqibela yena wabhala: "Ngaphaya imfihlelo umnyango", "yokugquma ngenxa umguvela," "Kunzima ukuba nesibindi." Kwinqanaba elifanayo kwinqanaba Vilmont lwezobugcisa uSvetlana Demidov (Lubenets). Ibali lakhe "Banal Ibali" yaye "liphela zemibala kwelithi" kukho iingcebiso ezifihlakeleyo for girls bangenamava. Ekateriny Vilmont and uSvetlana Demidova izenzo kumanqwanqwa aphezulu zixeliweyo "10 yeencwadi ezininzi ezithandwayo ngothando."

fiction

Uhlobo fiction kwakhona inani elininzi fans. Abazalwana Book Strugatsky "Land of Crimson Amafu", "ecaleni yepikniki", "ngoMvulo liqala ngoMgqibelo", "nzima ukuba uThixo" zifakiwe kwi-Golden Fund iincwadi Russian. umlobi yesayensi Ivan Efremov yi ngumbhali obalaseleyo kakhulu amabali an ubukhulu ibingakholeleki. imisebenzi yakhe ukungafi "Ilixa i Bull," "Edge The Bokwemba kaThixo," "Andromeda" ndiyayoliswa ngaphezu kwesinye isizukulwana abafundi nombulelo.

Alexander Belyaev, umbhali we amandla emangalisayo kunye nobunzulu imisebenzi ezifana "I zamasele Man", "iNtloko Professor Dowell kaThixo", "Air lomthengisi," "Ariyeli", kule minyaka imashumi mathandathu yokugqibela, andilahlekwanga ixabiso abo, ngomnye wababhali kakhulu ethandwa .

iincwadi ethandwa (ezingamabali angeyonyaniso fiction nenzululwazi) zabhalwa phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, ababhali abaninzi nakuzuza nto ke, kodwa ukukhunjulwa kwabo bephila. Movies adubula kwi imisebenzi ababhali elingezenzululwazi, ukutolika umxholo iinoveli ngendlela yabo. Atshele isicelo iimpembelelo ezizodwa ukwenzela ukuphucula umbono ugqaliselo, isakhiWo njengesiqhelo ifilimu lijikeleza ezinye uhlobo iziganeko yesiqalo. Kakade ke, kule ncwadi, ezi ndlela azifumaneki, kwaye umfundi ufumana kwi movie, ngalo ilahleko - akaboni ukuthobela. Oku ngomlingo bhanya, kodwa kwimeko ukuba umlawuli unomdla kakhulu conjuncture, ufundo loncwadi zesakhiwo banokuchaphazeleka - le ncwadi kwaye mboniso kuba kumacala esahlukileyo.

iincwadi fantasy

A indawo ekhethekileyo kwi lamathala eencwadi zonke enqabeni yendlu incwadi njengephupha. Olu uhlobo kusikhumbuza zamabali, kodwa ke into ebalulekileyo nje ezahlukeneyo - fabulousness, into engeyonene kuchazwe ngokucacileyo iindidi okulungileyo nokubi. Njengoko umthetho, imisebenzi zakhelwe kwi iziza ukruthakruthwano phakathi oosiyazi okulungileyo nokubi.

Incwadi ethi The fantasy ithandwayo abhalwe ngaphambili, kodwa ingqalelo kuzo kuyaqhubeka namhlanje. Yona imifanekiso kakhulu olothusayo ebekwe izintlelo of Dzhoan Rouling kaThixo Garri Pottere, kwimisebenzi Dzhona Tolkiena, ezifana "Nkosi Imisesane" nothi "Abantwana Hurin". Ngokuba imisebenzi yoncwadi uhlobo iingcinga nayo ungaquka inoveli "Baleka kwi Amaza" Aleksandra Grina, apho iziganeko engaqhelekanga kwenzeka kuba nesiphelo esihle. Xa ibali umbhali efanayo kaThixo "Ebomvu Iiseyile" Kwakhona iimpawu intsomi, kodwa imvelaphi eyenziwe ngumntu, njengoko Arthur Grey, wamthanda Assol, ayithunge iiseyile isilika olubomvu ngokwabo - bangabonakali ngomlingo njengoko yenzeka imisebenzi emaphupheni. Incwadi ethi "The Ebomvu Iiseyile" kunganxulunyaniswa kwi 'intsomi' didi.

Le ncwadi uthandwayo liphupha - i "Harry Potter" Dzhoan Roulling, leyo zonke iinkalo le isimbo. Esi sigqibo ukugxeka ngazwilinye ezenziwe ngexesha leengxoxo zoluntu uyilo yombhali.

Iincwadi kubantu abatsha

iimpapasho ezishicilelweyo, okufunwa kakhulu-ngezizukulwana abaselula - kuba imisebenzi kakhulu oqolileyo yamandulo. Akumangalisi ke, amakhwenkwe namantombazana kubizwa ngokuba kokupapashwa kwayo ndiyithandayo iincwadi ezisuka "The Little Prince" yi Antoine Saint Exupery ukuba "garnet isongo" Kuprin. Phakathi kwezi ezikhethwa zizenzo "yiNkosi Imisesane" yi Tolkien and "Alice in Wonderland" yi Lewis Carroll,. Ibid, kunye "I bwino" Dostoevsky and "edandelion Wine" yi Ray Bradbury. "Arc de Triomphe" UErich Maria Remarque ukuqonda nothando amantombazana iminyaka 15-16 ubudala.

Ngokwenene Russian - ukufunda lizwe kakhulu ehlabathini. Iincwadi ezithandwa kakhulu kubantu abatsha ngamakhulu, amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana kudala waqutyulwa nokuqutyulwa ugogo zabo inani iincwadi zokufunda baza bakhetha kubazali.

iincwadi angaphandle

Book of ababhali yaseMelika, British kunye French, hayi ngaphantsi ezifunwayo eRashiya, ngaphezu ngemisebenzi yababhali Russian. Detective hlobo i Frenchman Zhorzh Simenon, ngubani na iqhawe iinoveli wokuba nguMkomishinala Maigret. Agata Kristi, bakhonza ikakhulu umlinganiswa yangoku yamabali zabo, ukuba benze imifanekiso eyaziwayo Hercule Poirot kunye Miss Marple. Iincwadi of Agatha Christie ukugembula kwinani iincwadi kunye imisebenzi kaShakespeare kunye iBhayibhile. Edgar Allan Poe, umbhali American yamabali zokucupha, iye yaphinda yathandwa ngenxa imveliso "bug yegolide".

Phakathi ababhali yaseMelika, abalandeli ezininzi ezinye genres ukuba akazalani uncwadi zokucupha. Okokuqala, oku segolide ababhali ezintlanu American, ebandakanya Ernest Hemingway, Dzhon Steynbek, Skott Fitsdzherald, Dzhon Apdayk kunye Uilyam Folkner. Le yamva ithathwa umbhali iprozi kakhulu kakhulu kwi lonke United States imbali zoncwadi. inoveli yakhe "The Sound kunye Fury", "Sartoris," "Ukukhanya ngo-Agasti" wabona imisebenzi kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. Kwaye Snopes trilogy, eyenziwe kweenoveli abathathu elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo "Hamlet", "Isixeko", "Indlu", na umbandela neengxoxo engaphele ndawo, ukugxeka neentatheli. ncwadi Faulkner eyona ithandwa - a inoveli "Sanctuary", nto leyo isimbo kunye nomxholo okudibeneyo weqonga 'Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya "Dostoyevsky kaThixo.