Alexander Belyaev - imisebenzi fiction and biography

Ngo-2014 uphawula iminyaka 130 ukususela ekuzalweni umbhali odumileyo Russian Alexander Romanovich Belyaev. Le umdali ebalaseleyo ngomnye wabaseki uhlobo yenzululwazi eSoviet Union. Nanamhlanje kubonakala Kuyamangalisa ukuba umntu imisebenzi yakhe ukubonisa iziganeko zenzeka phakathi kwiminyaka embalwa.

Iminyaka yokuqala umbhali

Ngoko ke, ngubani na Alexander Belyaev? Ngobomi yale ndoda elula lakhe ezizodwa. Kodwa ngokwahlukileyo kwizigidi iikopi imisebenzi umbhali, ubomi bakhe, engabhalwanga kangako.

Wazalwa Alexander Belyaev yesine ngoMatshi 1884 kwisixeko ESmolensk. Intsapho Orthodox nomntwana inkwenkwe uyanamathela ukuthanda umculo, iifoto, lube nomdla ekufundeni iinoveli nakho ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini.

Emva kokuphumelela kule ukunyanzelisa ka sabefundisi, lo mfana kayise ukhetha yona indlela womkaMoses, yintoni yimpumelelo elungileyo.

Amanyathelo okuqala kwiincwadi

Imali enhle kwi umsebenzi womthetho, Alexander Belyaev waqalisa ukuba nomdla ngakumbi imisebenzi yobugcisa, zokuhamba yeqonga. Naye ngenkuthalo ophulaphuleyo owalathisa kunye dramaturgy. Ngowe-1914, dlala bt "Makhulu Moira" yapapashwa "protalinki" lowu abantwana eMoscow bakhe.

sifo singanyangekiyo

Ngowe-1919, unepleurisy tuberculous lanqunyanyiswa izicwangciso kunye nezenzo zolutsha. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama emithandathu ekulweni le sifo Alexander Belyaev. Umbhali ozama ukuphelisa esi sifo kukodwa. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi konyango waba sephepha yomqolo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukushwabana imilenze. Ngenxa yoko, iminyaka emithandathu awayichitha ebhedini, isigulane wachitha iminyaka emithathu isamente. Ngabandayo umfazi oselula ngakumbi ukujongela umoya zombhali. Ngeli xesha ke ayisendim ke ikhululekile, evuya kunye nokuzila uAleksandr Belyaev. Ibali lobomi bakhe zizele mathuba ezibuhlungu ebomini. Ngowe-1930, ukufa oneminyaka emithandathu ubudala Luda, intombi yesibini uSvetlana yamathambo wakhe ogulayo. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi ezi ziganeko mandundu kunye nokugula, tantalizing Belyaev.

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, bathwele yokugula yakhe, indoda wafumana amandla kwentloko yakhe sokuvalwa ukufunda iincwadi, imbali, iilwimi zasemzini kunye namayeza.

Impumelelo elide elindelwe

Ngowe-1925, ngoxa wayehlala Moscow, ngumbhali ngifuna epapasha "Ukusebenza iphepha" ibali "iNtloko Professor Dowell kaThixo". Kususela kuloo mzuzu imisebenzi Aleksandra Belyaeva kakhulu phandle eyaziwa ngexesha le magazini "Pathfinder Yehlabathi", "Ulwazi - amandla" yaye "Ehlabathini Lonke".

Ngexesha ehleli e Moscow, italente entsha yenza iinoveli ezininzi - "The zamasele Man", "Indoda Last evela Atlantis", "Island Uqhekeko" yaye "Yilwa emoyeni."

Noko ke, ngendlela engaqhelekanga Belyaev epapashwe iphephandaba "Whistle" ziye awaziyekayo uphawu zabo, yaye loo ababhali Soviet, njenge M. Bulgakov, EP Petrov, IA Ilf, VP Kataev, M. Zoshchenko.

Kamva, emva kokuba sifudukele eLeningrad, wakhulula incwadi ethi "Ummangaliso Iliso", "amafama Kwamanzi", "Nkosi Yehlabathi", kunye namabali of "Inventions of Professor Wagner," nto leyo ukufunda ngehlombe bonke abemi Soviet.

Imihla yokugqibela ubomi umbhali

Xa kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, Belyaev usapho babehlala kwihlomela-eLeningrad, isixeko Pushkin, yaye apho endlwini. umzimba buthathaka nako ukuma yindlala esoyikekayo. NgoJanuwari 1942, Aleksandra Belyaeva engasekho. Umbhali Native emva kwexesha elithile sele wagxothelwa ePoland.

Nanamhla oku, ihleli imfihlelo apho nokokuba wangcwatywa Belyaev uAleksandr, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane uzele yomzabalazo yabantu rhoqo ubomi. Noko ke, xa imbeko umbhali onesiphiwo ukuba Ilitye yesikhumbuzo Pushkin e Kazan emangcwabeni.

Roman "Ariyeli" kudalwa yakutshanje Belyaeva, kwathiwa epapashwe "ababhali ezaziphila" ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe.

"Ubomi" emva kokufa

It singaphezulu 70 iminyaka ukususela Russian wayengekho zamabali, kodwa memory of yena uhlala ngemisebenzi lakhe unanamhla. Ngelo xesha, Aleksandra Belyaeva ubuchule phantsi ugxekwa olungqongqo, maxa wambi weva izimvo nto. Noko ke, ingcamango fiction isayensi ngaphambili kwabonakala ngqiqweni kwaye akunakwenzeka ngokwenzululwazi, ekugqibeleni bacenga ukulungisa nkqu ababengakholwa kakhulu lukhuni.

umbhali lo msebenzi, yaye namhlanje kuqhubeka ipapashwa, abasakwazi zifunwa yi umfundi. Iincwadi Belyaeva ezifundisayo, imisebenzi yakhe ifuna ukulunga kunye isibindi, uthando nentlonelo.

Ngomhla izisusa kweenoveli sombhali iimovie ezininzi iyaqhutywa. Ngoko ke, ndinxiba isikrini imizobo ezisibhozo 1961, ezinye zazo ziyinxalenye ezakudala ye cinema eSoviet - "zamasele Man", "ITestamente of Professor Dowell," "Shipwreck Island" yaye "Umthengisi moya".

History of Ichthyander

Mhlawumbi umsebenzi edume AR Belyaeva kuyinto inoveli "zamasele Man", eyabhalwa ngowe-1927. Yiloo nto, kunye "iNtloko Professor Dowell kaThixo" kakhulu le Gerbert Uells.

Ukudalwa "zamasele Man" Belyaeva kokuxelelwa, kuqala, inkumbulo zenoveli efundiweyo yi umbhali French Zhana De la Ira "Iktaner and Moizetta", yaye okwesibini, inqaku lephephandaba malunga sicatshulwa kwimeko ngugqirha, leyo kwenziwa amalinge ezahlukeneyo Argentina isimangalo abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Ukuseta igama lephephandaba kunye neenkcukacha ze-nkqubo phantse akunakwenzeka. Kodwa kubonisa kwakhona ukuba ngokudala fiction zesayensi zazo, Alexander Belyaev wafuna ukuba bathembele yokwenene ubomi iinyaniso kunye neziganeko.

Ngowe-1962, abalawuli kunye V.Chebotarev G.Kazansky iyaqhutywa "I zamasele Man".

"The Last Man evela Atlantis"

Kuye ziye zaphawulwa kuncwadi eSoviet nehlabathi, omnye imisebenzi zokuqala umbhali - "The Man Last ukusuka Atlantis". Ngowe-1927 yaba ukuqokelelwa umbhali yokuqala Belyaeva with "Island Uqhekeko." Ukususela 1928 ukuya 1956 msebenzi undilibele, yaye kuphela ukusukela ngo-1957, kuye iprintwe eSoviet Union.

Ingcamango ekufumaneni mpucuko ezilahlekileyo Atlantis yalikhanyisa Belyaev emva kokufunda amanqaku kwiphephandaba French "Le Figaro". isiqulatho balo yokuba Society for the Study of Atlantis olwalukho Paris. Ngenkulungwane yokuqala amabini, olu hlobo yonxulumano eziqhelekileyo, baya kunandipha umdla ukwanda yabemi. Oku waza wagqiba ekubeni uthathe Alexander Belyaev unobuqili. umlobi yesayensi wasebenzisa inowuthi njenge isandulela "Man Last ukusuka Atlantis". Umsebenzi yahlulwe kubini, ibonwa yi umfundi ilula kwaye inika umdla. Izinto yokubhalwa kwinoveli zithathwa ukusuka kwincwadi Rozhe Devinya "Gone kunye nemisinga. Atlantis, isahlulo sesithandathu zehlabathi. "

Iziprofetho umlobi yesayensi

Ukuthelekisa ukuba uqikelelo ngabameli fiction yesayensi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iimbono zenzululwazi umbhali iincwadi Aleksandra Belyaeva eSoviet ziye ayinakufunyanwa 99 ekhulwini.

Ngoko ke, ingcinga ephambili inoveli "iNtloko Professor Dowell kaThixo" yaba ithuba ukuvuselela umzimba womntu emva kokufa. Emva emva kokupapashwa lo msebenzi iminyaka embalwa, Sergei Bryukhonenko - le komzimba enkulu yiSoviet, zavelisa imifuniselo efanayo. impumelelo amayeza aqhelekileyo namhlanje - ukubuyiselwa zoqhaqho lens iliso - kusengaphambili uAleksandr Belyaev iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu eyadlulayo.

I inoveli "zamasele Man" yaba zesiprofeto kuphuhliso lwenzululwazi kokuhlala kwabantu elide ngaphantsi kubuchwepheshe kwamanzi. Ngoko ke, ngo-1943, Scientist French uJacques Cousteau enelungelo i aqualung yokuqala, ngaloo ndlela engqina ukuba Ichthyander - akukho umfanekiso alinakuzuzwa kangaka.

Ngempumelelo uvavanyo lokuqala izithuthi ezonga yaqonda kwi banesifo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwi-United Kingdom, kwakunye nokudalwa kwezixhobo psychotropic - yiyo yonke zamabali ochazwe kwincwadi ethi "INkosi Yehlabathi" ngo-1926.

I inoveli "Lo mntu walahlekelwa ubuso" ubalisa ibali luphuhliso oluphumeleleyo zotyando zeplastiki kwaye kwavele ngokunxulumene nale miba yokuziphatha. Kweli bali, irhuluneli karhulumente siguqule a Negro, ethatha yonke ubunzima yocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga. Apha sinako Yikhani ukufana bayahlelwa hero wathi imvumi odumileyo American Michael Jackson, owathi, asabe intshutshiso sikweni, wenza inani elininzi kwimisebenzi ukutshintsha umbala.

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe creative Belyaev nzima esi sifo. namandla, ndayihluthwa emzimbeni, wazama ukuba avuze amaqhawe leencwadi ubuchule ezingaqhelekanga: ukunxibelelana ngaphandle amagama, bee iintaka, ukuqubha ngcono yeentlanzi. Kodwa ukuba osulele umfundi umdla ebomini, into entsha - lo akangebi nguye na italente yokwenene umbhali?