Umlinganiswa yenoveli "iNkosi noMargarita" Nikanor Ivanovich zihlangu: umfanekiso inkcazelo, abalinganiswa kunye nomfanekiso

I inoveli "INkosi noMargarita", wadala Mihailom Bulgakovym, - ngeendlela ezininzi yimveliso engaqhelekanga. Interweaving imifanekiso yebhayibhile nenyani zesiqhelo Soviet, lo ubumbaxa abalinganiswa yabalinganiswa kunye nezenzo zabo, ngothando umgca umdla - loo nto bonke. Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga nale ingathi yimimangaliso ngayo njengoba umlinganiswa inoveli iShoeless Ones Nikanor Ivanovich, wammisa, nokuba amagosa ezincinane wayencedisa Bulgakov ngokweenkcukacha ukuze kudaleke epheleleyo ngokupheleleyo, umsebenzi ezifunekayo.

Ngokufutshane malunga inoveli

"Mfundisi noMargarita" - indalo leyo kuqala weza ukukhanya kule minyaka 1966-1967. It yapapashwa ngenyanga "eMoscow". Ingcamango ekudaleni umsebenzi Bulgakov laqanduselwa kwakudala, emva ngo-1928. Kule ncwadi ngexesha indalo yayo kunye nophuhliso ngenani lamagama ezitshintshileyo ( "injineli uphuphu", "iingcali uphuphu" kunye nabanye.), Ngenxa yokuba ingqikelelo yoqobo kunye nesicwangciso sele okwangoku yayingaqondwa ngokupheleleyo uMdali. Ukongeza, ukuqala umsebenzi imveliso sele ukhawule for Bulgakov ezingalunganga - umbhali, yena njenge "neoburzhuaznym" balelwa oonondaba ngokunxulumene apho fatigue ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni ayikwazanga aluchaphazeli iziqhamo kunye indlela yayo kwityala nto ibiya. Ngowe-1932, inoveli waqala ukubonakala aqhelekileyo kubafundi namhlanje: kwabonakala UMargarita, iNkosi, igama esekwe (ngowe-1937) kunye abalandeli ozithandayo umxholo ecocekileyo, ongunaphakade, uthando obungunaphakade, imbonakalo apho abaphandi oyiqhagamshelanise umtshato Mihaila Bulgakova kwi ES Shilovskaya. Ide ngemihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe ngumbhali ngokwakhe, kuba phantse oyimfama kule ngongoma, yena wangena kwi utshintsho kwisicatshulwa kunye nezilungiso. Emva kokufa liqabane Shilovskaya wabeka zonke iinzame ukuqinisekisa ukuba umba ophambili umntwana oyintanda; Kwakhona wenza kwaye umhleli lokuqala. Noko ke, ukuba kunjalo, okubhaliweyo ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kokuthotywa ukuhluza iindaba kunye notshintsho, yapapashwa eRashiya kuphela ngo-1973.

indaba

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ngubani na lo Nikanor Ivanovich bengenambadada, kufuneka ukuchaza ngokufutshane isifundo jikelele zomsebenzi. Le noveli i interweaving yemigca eliqela kwaye izaleko ezimbini kwexesha: iBhayibhile kunye imi--30 lwekhulu XX. Okokuqala ngqa, zezona iziganeko olujikelezayo ngeenxa uYesu, kwanoPontiyo Pilato, okwesibini - line ukuthanda NjengoMargarita iNkosi, kwakunye ibali eyimfihlakalo kunye satirical ububi Voland (uMtyholi) kunye nabantu bakhe of Muscovites (kuba lapha Nikanor Ivanovich bengenambadada inxaxheba esebenzayo).

Ngesakhiwo senzeka kwamachibi usolusapho kaThixo e Moscow, apho Woland ufika ngesebe wolunye uhlanga. Yena uhleli phantsi komnye Amaqhawe inoveli, uIvan abangenamakhaya, owabanyusayo kwimeko yokungabi eSoviet Union, aze abuze umbuzo ngubani ongumnini ubomi bomntu bonke umyalelo esemhlabeni, ukuba uThixo. Abangenawo amakhaya Imbongi waphendula ukuba impendulo ukuze yonke into le ndoda, kodwa iziganeko eziya kwenzeka emva lonke ixesha ziya ukuphikisa ithisisi avakalisa yi Ivan. Kulo inamandla kakhulu, ezihlekisayo, ekhanya uhlobo mdali kuvuka iingxaki ka kunye incompleteness kolwazi yabantu, ikhondo kwangaphambili yobomi, amandla enyangweni, ezingaphaya kolawulo lomntu phezu imikhosi ayinyamezeleki bakhe, enyanisweni, ubukho, nto leyo luyenze uthando okanye ingqondo yemveli. Ngenxa yoko, bobabini ngexesha lokusekwa munye ekupheleni kwelinye: iNkosi iya kudibana Pontiyo Pilato (ngubani kumenza iqhawe, isebenza iNkosi, oko kukuthi, lo umfundi kuya kufuneka ijongane inoveli kwinoveli!) In ngoNaphakade, apho baya kunikwa abandulelayo ikhusi, ukuxolela, usindiso .

Iingxabano abagxeki nabaphengululi

Phambi kokuba isicelo umlinganiswa ngegama lika Nikanor Ivanovich bengenambadada, ndifuna ukutsalela ingqalelo into umdla ukuba umhla malunga inoveli ukuhlanganisa uhlobo kunye kwenqanaba elithile lweempikiswano philological musa lingapheli. Ithathwa njenge inoveli yentanda, inoveli, intsomi, romance, imfihlakalo (oko kukuthi ngamazinga kunye weqonga kumaXesha Aphakathi imixholo yeBhayibhile). Abanye abaphandi (BV Sokolov, J. Curtis et al.) Khombisa ukuba imveliso Bulgakov kukho uhlobo elikhethekileyo abazi kuhlaliswa phantsi kwenkululeko naluphi na uhlobo oluthile omnye.

Nikanor Ivanovich zihlangu: iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi kwiyelenqe

Ngoko ke, xa sithetha ngalo mlinganiswa, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ibali wayengusihlalo zhiltovarischestva kwi Sadovaya Street. Nikanor Ivanovich bengenambadada ( "Mfundisi noMargarita") - umfanekiso, nibonise lwalo lonke uluntu eMoscow. Yena - a engumphangi kunye egoso, uyavuma ukuba isindululo Koroviev (enye bahlobo basondeleyo boMtyholi) ukuya kunikezela kwigumbi "embi" (leyo ayinako le ndebe ukudlula) bhasi Woland kuphela ngenxa yokuba, zihlangu, wabingelela isixa icocekile ngohlobo sicengo. Kakade ke, oku kwenziwa ngenxa yesizathu: imali, ukhuseleko olukhulu esemajukujukwini kakuhle kude endlwini umphathi umoya, imilingo, twisisaka, zilahleka similise amazwe, kwaye amapolisa Nikanor Ivanovich ukusuka Koroviev mini waphuma ukulahla.

grabber nokubhala Nikanor Ivanovich bengenambadada, ogama umfanekiso kubonakala ukuba ukhutshelwe abaninzi ngokwenene ekhoyo eneneni mihla Bulgakov zabantu kangangokuba yayiyeyokuqala ezindongeni NKVD, ngoko uqala ukubona, yena uqala ukukholelwa kuThixo kwaye yeyela ਨਿਯਮ umthetho.

Nikanora Ivanovicha Bosogo uhlalutyo Dream kunye nexabiso

Xa isiqephu kwephupha lakhe Nikanor Ivanovich ukho yokubonela, engqongwe baninzi nabanye abantu, angaqhelekanga ngubani wacela ukuba kunikezela phezu lwemali. incwadi ukoyika hero inezizathu yokwenene gqitha ebomini, kwelinye icala, le ndawo iphefumlelwe Bulgakov ibali umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni, lo N. philologist Lyamina. Umfazi wakhe wesibini, wakhumbula ukuba kanye, kwaye "kwabangela"; Nicholas wahlala "apho" iiveki ezimbini. Kwelinye icala, oko kuboniswa kule episode ngokwenene ngokwayo wabonakalaliswa-1929, lo mkhuba - ngakumbi kubanjwa rhoqo yi ye OGPU, injongo yaba ukususwa abemi zegolide, izacholo kunye nemali.

Abo bathe babanjwa bavalelwa eluvalelweni iiveki, ukulinda de "ngokuzithandela" zolondolozo uzinikele kwoqwebo. Kulo mzekelo, amanzi wanika kancinane, wondla a ukutya ekhethekileyo anetyiwa kakhulu. Ukuvela isahluko ethe yezopolitiko ezinjalo, ngoko kubekho isiseko ngokoqobo; okokuqala yabhalwa ngowe-1933 yaye ke ngoko nangoku eyaziwa ngokuba yi "I Inqaba Imimangaliso", emva koko elawula kakhulu yaye izinto kwabasemagunyeni ndima- sele enziwe mpuluswa kwaye ngokutsha.

Enyanisweni, inguqulelo yokuqala Nikanor Ivanovich bengenambadada, umlinganiswa ahlekisayo, apho abafundi ngoku lufumana nkqu nalufefe ihlale kuyo, kufuneka ukuba ibe oluyingozi ngakumbi; kuba oko kubandakanya vzyatnichestvo nje kuphela, kodwa yesiqalekiso abazimiseleyo kunye nokuphamba. Njengoko sibonile, kwase le "ngamanqatha 'lover ukutya kunye nesiselo senziwa Ljamin, Akubuya wekamva apho Bulgakov ngokwakhe babebukele umhlonipha, njengoko omnye wamalungu ezipheleleyo inombolo yendlu Housing Association" Unomhlobo "50 Bolshaya Sadovaya Street (mhlawumbi K. Sakizchi), apho wayehlala Bulgakov.

iimbekiselo Okuqulathwe kwezinye imisebenzi

Umfanekiso kunye nenkcazelo Nikanora Ivanovicha Bosogo uthumela umfundi ngolwazelelelo ukuba imisebenzi enjalo iincwadi Russian yamandulo njenge "Intliziyo Dog" (Shvonder), "The Brothers Karamazov" (yamaphandle bengenambadada Fagot, Koroviev kunye feature search of Ivan Karamazov ngexesha ancinwe), "uMhloli Jikelele" (isilinganiso Gogol kuSodolophu abarhwebi ezifanayo ukuba ukuziphatha kwabasebenzi malunga amabanjwa OGPU).