Itanki "Challenger 2" inkcazelo kokuyilwa, kweempawu, ukhuseleko nezikrweqe, izixhobo

Challenger 2 itanki umkhosi waseBritani yokuqala ukusuka Second World War, nto leyo eyenzelwe, yaye eveliswe ngunokontraka kuphela Vickers yoKhuselo Systems. Umfuziselo wadalwa kwaye yaveliswa kwi-mveliso emibini yenkampani, Barnbow (Leeds) kunye Scottswood (Newcastle).

Iimpawu eziphambili

Umzimba kunye namalungu zisekelwe kwimodeli komanduleli yayo iChallenge 1, leyo unenzondelelo ukuphuculwa ngaphezulu kwama-150 ejoliswe ekuphuculeni ukuthembeka kunye maintainability (imifanekiso itanki ziboniswa kamva kweli nqaku). Tower "Challenger 2" wazuza design entsha ngokupheleleyo. Le yeyona ikhuselwe vehicles NATO, exhotyiswe oluphuculiweyo inguqulelo ezemali chobemskoy multilayer isikrweqe. System of nuclear, yebhayoloji nemichiza ukhuseleko NBC Unokuzikhusela nxamnye bonke izisongelo ezaziwayo, kwaye itanki yokuqala yaseBritani, apho gumbi crew kube shushu yaye iphela.

Le kwezikhali ephambili iqulathe 120mm ngompu ziphangwe L30, oluzenzekelayo umpu 7.62mm McDonnell Douglas Systems Helicopter, nto leyo esele kwinkonzo kwi British Army yaye ekhwele imishini zilwe isithuthi GKN woKhuselo iQhawe, kwaye 7,62 mm anti-moya umatshini gun. Inkqubo yolawulo umlilo ikhompyutha lwedijithali yinkampani waseKhanada kunye CDC yi oluphuculiweyo inguqulelo model esekwe yi-American M1A1 Abrams. It kusenokubakho ulwando elizayo, ezifana kokuqhagamshelana inkqubo yolawulo ulwazi ukulwa kunye nezixhobo navigation. Crew "Challenger 2" ngu 4, kunye nobunzima bakhe impi 62,5 m. Itanki uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngasendleleni santya siphezulu-56 km / h kwaye uqhelane 250 km endleleni kunye umendo 450 km.

imbali model

Challenger 2 projekthi ibandakanya uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa 386 kwamatanki ephambili ekulweni (MBT), izithuthi 22 abaqhubi zoqeqesho, amaqokobhe umtsalane 3 kunye full package of inkxaso, kuquka izixhobo uqeqesho kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa.

inkampani "Vickers" yaba unokontraka omkhulu. Le nkampani uqale umsebenzi kwi itanki ngoNovemba 1986 njengenkampani yabucala, yaye kungekudala emva koko, ngoMatshi 1987 i-UK Ministry of Defence sele ingeniswe kwisampula yokuqala. NgoFebruwari 1988, ikontraka sinikele ngesindululo esisemthethweni. NgoDisemba 1988 kwabhengezwa ukuba VDS win isivumelwano 90 yezigidi kwisigaba umboniso, olwaqhubeka kwaze Septemba 1990 Septemba 30, 2002 inkampani igqibe nokufunyanwa Alvis Vickers. imisebenzi VDS kwabunjwa Alvis Izithuthi Ltd. Ukuze sizuze ilifa aziwa ngayo amaqela amabini, kwagqitywa ekubeni igama inkampani entsha Alvis Vickers Ltd. Ku kamva ezifunyenwe yi BAE Systems ukwenza ukwahlulwa omtsha Umhlaba Systems, elimanyeneyo Alvis kunye RO Defense.

NgoJuni 1991, urhulumente UK uye wagqiba ukuthenga Challenger 2 Wabeka umyalelo-mali ka-520 yezigidi. ZeePonti nganye iiyunithi 127 of the VLT 13 kwamatanki zoqeqesho. Production yaqala ngo-1993, kwaye iikopi yokuqala zasiwa ngoJulayi 1994. kwamatanki ezintsha British yaveliswa kwi mveliso VDS e Leeds kunye Newcastle. Kwinkqubo yemveliso kwakubandakanya ngezivumelwano ngaphezulu kwama-250 (in t. H. Amazwe). Phakathi kwabo, Royal Ordnance (zaseprayimari kwezikhali eziziisekondari) nelona galelo, Blair Catton (tracks) kunye GEC-Marconi (inkqubo isikhokelo).

izithuthi British vehicles zifuna maxesha ngakumbi. NgoJulayi 1994, VDS lifumene omnye umyalelo zokubonelelwa 259 lupwa 9 zoqeqesho oomatshini, kwakunye noqeqesho kunye nenkxaso nenkxaso. Ixabiso lekhontrakthi yaba million 800 neekhilogram.

Imiboniso ISRD ukuthembeka yabanjwa ngoJanuwari 1999. Oku kwenzeka ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya kuDisemba 1998, kwakunye novavanyo 12 MBT zokuyilahla Bovington kunye ILulworth Bindon. Ezi mvavanyo zibe yimpumelelo na, okt. A. Amatanki uwuzalisayo kuphela iimfuno zabathengi, kodwa ngaphezu kuzo zonke iinkalo.

NgoJanuwari 1998, i-Royal iScots Dragoon Guards eJamani, ngolokuqala regiments ezintandathu vehicles baqalisa ukuba kwiingalo CR2 yaye 38th ngoJuni 1998 kunye nokusiwa baqhubeka ekupheleni kuka-2000 ngalinye regiments ezintandathu vehicles zaye ezifunekayo kunye MBT iphakheji yayo inkxaso. Last 386 itanki "Challenger 2" wazala ngokusemthethweni kumsitho e Salsibury Plain Septemba 17, 2002.

Ukhankanye ukuba indlela Iseti yesibini imifuziselo negalelo ekufundeni - evela iitshathi zodonga elula simulators computer gunners. Kwakhona inika uqeqesho kunye nezinto inkxaso Royal Iinjineli ukulungisa umkhosi ukuncedisa zokusombulula, uvavanyo, ukulungiswa, yamaqondo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo nokubeka iliso.

Kuqashwe regiments 6 Royal vehicles Corps kwi-United Kingdom kunye Germany MBT "Challenger 2" batyelela Bosnia and nolwaseKhosovo, ukuba ukusebenzisa eCanada, Oman kunye Poland. Ngexesha iimvavanyo imithambo baye igqithile index ekujoliswe ukuthembeka. kwamatanki leBritani inxaxheba ukusebenza "Inkululeko Iraq."

NgoJulayi 2004, i-UK Ministry of Defence wabhengeza izicwangciso ukuba itshone 7 squadrons transport (malunga 100 iiyunithi) ngoMatshi 2007 kwaye ukuguqulwa i kwesimo webutho vehicles. "Challenger 2E" umfuziselo sele iphuhlisiwe ukuze kumazwe nesilungiselelwe ukuba enze imisebenzi kwiindawo ngqwabalala. Itanki wahlolwa kakhulu eGrisi, Qatar kunye Saudi Arabia.

izixhobo ezintsha

Ekuqaleni 2004 BAE Systems ifumene isivumelwano ukuphuhlisa-mm 120 smoothbore gun. Phantsi ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano, itanki "Challenger 2" kufuneka ixhotyiswe kunye Rheinmetall L55 umpu, esetyenziswa kwi MBT "Leopard 2A6", yaye ngoJanuwari 2006 baqalisa iimvavanyo yayo.

isixhobo wokuhlolwa njengako isiJamani 120mm L55, kodwa kufuneka ngaphandle abonela isithuba ngaphambili ahlala kuyo L30. izixhobo zangoku iivenkile ziphangwe kunaso umphanda ezalwa housings eqwalasele uqinisa, inkqubo umzi werhasi kunye ulungelelwaniso ezimanyeneyo esqwini gun emehlweni. Emva kokuba uvavanyo eJamani njengoko kuvavanywa sisixhobo ngumnyhadala static zixhonywe isisu semoto ka MBT "Centurion" phakathi ku-2005, yaye kamva ngaloo nyaka, ekugqibeleni ihlanganiswe "Challenger 2". Le yotshintsho wavumela ukuba iitanki yaseBritani zasetyenziswa-mm 120 iimbumbulu NATO standard. Iimvavanyo ukudubula static zaqhutywa ngakubhalileyo ngokoluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo weentonga ukugqojozwa projectiles-120 mm Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS ezininzi ezinombindi wesiseko yesiqhelo. Zabonisa ukuba DM53 iimbumbulu uneempawu ngaphezu-mm 120 uranium mpilo odlulileyo.

I Gulf War

"Challenger" Kwathengwa ukuba British Army emva Shah of Iran yabhukuqwayo kwaye umyalelo ivalekile. It wadalwa kwi kwisiseko itanki, "isikhulu", kodwa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza, abaxhobileyo ngcono akhuselwe, nangona ndinesifo kwinkqubo yolawulo lwemililo. "Challenger" avumele kwanokuphucula British Army kangangeminyaka eli-10 ngaphambilana kunokuba kwakucwangcisiwe. Lo matshini lwenzelwe entlango, kodwa akazange abe nethuba lokubonisa phambi kokuba Gulf kweMfazwe.

Inkampani "Vickers" akazange ukuvelisa zonke amatanki, kodwa kuphela webutho lokugqibela. "Challenger" yaveliswa kwi urhulumente ROF mveliso e Leeds, ngaphambili uthengiso igama lo Royal Ordnance. Vickers uthenge nje phambi kokuba umyalelo yabekwa ukuba imveliso webutho, 7.

Mayixhotyiswe umpu-mm 120 L11 A5, indawo kuphela ezibuthathaka "Challenger" waba inkqubo yakhe yolawulo umlilo, apho yaphuculwa kwiPersian War. Cannon wayenokuyaphula 400 mm isikrweqe yaye atshabalalise nayiphi na itanki Russian kunye hit yokuqala. Phantse zonke izithuthi vehicles e-Iraq yaveliswa eRashiya, yaye "Challenger" kulula ukumelana nayo. Ngenkxaso ekwakuhlaselwa, kunye amatanki namahlakani Arabic, French kunye American ngaphandle enkulu waphuncuka ukuziphendulela Republican Guard. "Challenger" ngexesha lokusebenza "Desert Storm", ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa intloko eliphezulu-onokudubula squash kunye noluhlu elide, t. To. Ukhuselo vehicles koomatshini Iraq abazange ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho Russian, kwaye ukuselwa ezinamandla ngakumbi, kodwa izixhobo ngaphantsi ixesha elide ukuba ndabulaleka.

Tower kunye nezindlu

Imilinganiselo itanki phezulu ubude 8,3h3,52h2,49 m kunye umpu ilingana 11,57 m Tank ilawula liqembu labantu 4: .. Commander, gunner, umqhubi kunye umlayishi. Inika, olusebenzayo, non-yokumisa amandla eliphezulu yokulwa. kukumthetheli-ndawo ekunene kwaye lixhotyiswe 8 periscope kunye ukwandisa 1x kunye 360 ° ukubukela. Ukucofa iqhosha obomvu ngaphantsi omnye wabo nezikhokelela intshukumo kwinqaba kwaye icwangcisa kwindawo efanelekileyo. Gunner ahlale phambi nangezantsi umphathi kunye umlayishi ngasekhohlo. Beka umlayishi ifakwe periscope. cab lomqhubi kukuba phambi yitanki.

izikhali

Eyona kwezikhali iphambili "Challenger 2" - 120mm ziphangwe itanki gun L30 eveliswe yi icandelo Royal Ordinance British Aerospace Ltd Inkampani e Nottingham. design L30 iquka ukutyabeka chrome, ukudala umgangatho ngokuqinileyo kunye agudileyo ngaphakathi. Inika isantya okwandileyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukukwazi ezendeleyo le projectile, ukuchana mkhulu yaye kunciphisa umphanda banxibe. itanki Cannon eyenziwe stainless enyibilikisa electroslag zentsimbi kunye istili thermal igqunyiwe. Ilungiselelwe kunye ulungelelwaniso inkqubo axis kunye axis kokugcina ingabonwa kunye nokugxothwa yeegesi evela umphanda. Ende bangakwazi rotated ngokusebenzisa 360 °, kunye nkqo uluhlu ukudutyulwa sivela -10 ° ukuya + 20 °.

Ulandelelwano of ucupho kunye nokonakaliswa ekujoliswe yenzelwe usebenziso olulula kwiimeko yokulwa. Ngoko ke akukho eyahlukileyo ekujoliswe eme ndawonye ihamba emini okanye ebusuku. Gunner okanye umphathi yamanqaku abalibona ungqinelana njongo, nqakraza kwi iqhosha le-laser lomqolo somfumani, uze emva koko - phezu iqhosha ngomlilo.

L30 imililo-mm 120 emthethweni. Nezikhali kuba iiyunithi-50, kwaye ziquka isikrweqe projectiles ukugqojozwa kunye somfanekiso kunye itreyi detachable (APFSDS), umphathi wezikrweqe lihlaba edubulayo (HESH) okanye umsi. Umpu nokuba mbaxa ngokudubula projectiles kunye ezingundoqo uranium osemanzini (DU) nentlawulo badubula Shestov. Ukuxinana kwezi uranium sisazama imalunga 2.5 amaxesha ngaphezu koko ngentsimbi, ebonelela ikhono eliphezulu umthondo. Abese Dunoon L30 ziyinxalenye 'kunaso-iqokobhe ophetheyo »Umtsalane 1. Inkqubo njengoko umtsalane 3, apho undoqo uranium sisazama linobude enkulu ratio ubukhulu ukwandisa ikhono wajula. Nezikhali yokulayisha eyahlukileyo zigcinwa phantsi ring uqoqo kwi kwamatanki vehicles.

gun ezisebenza inkqubo zombane ngokupheleleyo enkampani isikhokelo kunye nozinzo GEC Marconi Radar kunye yoKhuselo Systems (Leicester). Itanki "Challenger 2" lixhotyiswe 7,62 mm kunaso oluzenzekelayo McDonnell Douglas, nto leyo ukwakweli ekhohlo nompu engundoqo. Ukutshaja ekhohlo lwezigalo 7.62mm moya umatshini gun uhlobo L37A2, ekhwele phezu kwawo.

inkampani kwenzeke omabini amacala phambi kwinqaba kubekwe 5 umsi Helio Mirror (Kent, UK). "Challenger 2" inawo amandla yokuseka umsi isikrini injecting idizili kwinkqubo zeemoto kwe-injini.

Itanki mayixhotyiswe data omkhosi umgangatho ibhasi Standard Military 1553 ulawulo lomlilo ikhompyutha sisixhobo computing yedijithali Computing Devices Company (Ontario, Canada). Oko kwandiswa, umzekelo, inkqubo ulwazi lweenkqubo imfazwe, navigation kunye noqeqesho.

Ngowe-2004 BAE Systems ifumene isivumelwano ukuphuhlisa-mm 120 smoothbore gun. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkampani waseJamani Rheinmetall L55 gun enikiweyo iisampuli, imiselwe ku "Leopard 2A." isampula enye kuphela Yalungiswa, leyo lwavavanywa ngoJanuwari 2006 Tungsten DM53 wabonisa nokusebenza ngaphezu umtsalane 3 Noko ke, ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa kufuneka ukutshintsha inkqubo "isixhobo projectile-kwentlawulo".

abenzi boluvo

Gyro-yazinza alimwi emehlweni kwaye ungumzekelo VS 580-10 inkampani SFIM Industries (France). Iyunithi eliphezulu VS 580, equlathe i gyro yazinza emehlweni obanzi nangezinto zobuchwepheshe, imvelaphi inyuselwa khona phezu kwentungo yenqaba leyo inde. Rangefinder laser based on Nd: YAG lamakhonkco kwindibano esiPhakathi odibanisa inxalenye ephezulu nebandla esezantsi owawusisibonakude eliquka inkqubo enombala esweni, ulawulo manual, elektroniki, kunye nenkqubo nozinzo. Ukubona inika intsimi elijekelezayo lwe ngombono ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza intloko yakhe. ukubukela uhlengahlengiso lebanga ± 35 °. Intsimi lwembono ngokukhanya ilingana 3,2x 16,5 °, kodwa ukwandisa 10,5h - 5 °.

Le imager TOGS II Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) sinika umbono wasebusuku. Isebenzisa TICM British 2. woluvo imager efakwe ngaphakathi barbettes vehicles ngaphezu kunaso. Microcomputer isiguquli nokunika sokupholisa sensor segesi. Kwi imifuziselo umfanekiso thermal enyanzeliswa phezu yamanqaku abalibona, kunye nolwazi status nkqubo. umfanekiso emhlabeni kunye nokwanda imiboniso-4 okanye 11,5h kwizixhobo gunner kunye ngqwayi, kwakunye komabonakude zabo ngaphandle sikrini.

Sinento gunner emehlweni ephambili yenziwa yi Pilkington Optronics. Siqulathe iqumrhu iyunithi intloko channel kuhlolwa kunye uzinzo abalibona isipili 4 Hz laser uluhlu njengevyufayinda kunye nokutsha komphathi nge monocular. Rangefinder nge ngamaza 1,064 microns enoluhlu evela km 200 m ukuya kwi-10. Ukuchana yi ± 5 m ukuya kwi-30 m ukucalula. Shooter kwakhona iye yaxhobisa kunye ingathityazwa owawusisibonakude enombala emehlweni L30 Nanoquest, ekhwele coaxially kunye umpu.

esihlalweni lomqhubi ifakwe periscope isixando Pilkington Optronics. Isebenzisa isixhobo ngombono ebusuku. Ngenxa kule ebusuku itanki unako yokufikelela ngesantya abamelwe emini, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukulayita.

Gunner kunye imager eqhagamshelwe ulawulo lomlilo computer nge i data ibhasi Standard Military-1553.

"Challenger 2": itanki edabini

itanki Ifoto ngaphakathi ezinikwe apha ngentla. crew umphathi uqondisa efakwe phezu kophahla emehlweni ephangaleleyo kwi thagethi ukucinezela iqhosha, okubangela njengokujikeleza kwenqaba, lo gama akayi kuba buti ngokuzenzekelayo Walathe kwethagethi. Gunner kuthatha ulawulo ithagethi luquka a laser rangefinder kunye iqhosha nomlilo ngenxa shot imveliso. Ngeli xesha, umphathi itanki uyakwazi ukubona aze abuyisele kokubona kujoliswe elilandelayo. Ezi iinjongo ezimbini zigcinwa ngendlela yedijithali zekhompyutha umlilo. Emva kokuba idubule betha ekujoliswe yokuqala Commander Sehla iqhosha, nenqaba leyo uqhutyelwe njongo yesibini kunye shot ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngenxa yale nkqubo itanki mu lupwa liye landa firepower ukuya ngempumelelo yaye ngokukhawuleza ebetha target.

test

"Challenger 2" lwavavanywa kwi British Army kunye Royal Army of Oman ngempumelelo. Zonke parameters ezisebenza t. H. Ukuthembeka kwenkqubo isixhobo kunye kukomelela ziphunyeziwe. Iimpawu chobemskoy weentonga ziye kuqinisekiswa ngexesha lophicotho yayo ngezikhali anti-itanki mihla. Uvavanyo waba ukhuseleko epheleleyo kwenqaba, ikhono lokuqondisa inkqubo isixhobo ejolise uze wenze, kuqhuma.

drive

Itanki "Challenger 2" lixhotyiswe itankana-12 injini diesel amandla iilitha 1200. a. of Perkins Engines (Shropshire, UK). Unikezelo - David Brown TN54 iphethini 6 phambili kwaye ezimbini amagiya umva. itanki Speed ifikelela 59 km / h nakumndilili off-kwendlela - 40 km / h. Running reserve yi-450 km ngendlela kunye km 250 cross-lizwe.

ukuphepha

Uyilo itanki "Challenger 2" byi ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukhuseleko abasebenza kunye survivability lo matshini. Ende lixhotyiswe isizukulwana iintonga chobemskoy yesibini, ebonelela ukuxhathisa bhetele ukuya kwii-amaqokobhe anti-itanki. Itanki likhuselwe kwimiphumo izixhobo zenyukliya, ezizikhulelayo imichiza ngoncedo ibekwe kwi uqoqo kwinkqubo yokhuseleko NBC yi xinzelelo umoya yahluzwa. Electronics likhuselwe ukubetha kwentliziyo electromagnetic yenyukliya.

Movement of the uqoqo umpu yaveliswa i zombane endaweni actuator hydraulic. Oku kushenxisa nemingcipheko enxulumene komsipha of ithumbu nehigh kwi gumbi nqanawa. Ukugcinwa emthethweni ibekwe ngezantsi nasenqabeni ebonelela ngaphantsi abasemngciphekweni kwe inxalenye yayo ngasemva.

Itanki eyenziwe ubuchwepheshe banyebeleza ngaloo enciphisa ukusayinwa kwalo radar.