War Gulf: Oonobangela kunye neziphumo

Xa historiography mihla ezichongiweyo ezimbini Gulf War. Elokuqala ngo-1990-1991. Impixano phezu ioli kwakhokelela ayehlasela umkhosi Iraq, e Kuwait kunye nomsebenzi weli emirate lincinane. Ukuhlangabezana kumanyathelo Saddam Hussein, i-UN elaqalisa ayehlasela mdibaniso ngamazwe kwilizwe lakhe. Koko wambuyisela imeko. Nasemva kweminyaka 12 kubekho kwakhona ngokuhlaselwa Iraq, leyo yaqaliswa yi US Steel. Le yona imfazwe ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba imfazwe yesibini nePersian Gulf. Ngenxa yoko, amandla Saddam Hussein yabhukuqwayo, waza wabulawa yi isigqibo Baghdad enkundleni.

Ezibangela ingxabano

Gulf War Famous waqala Agasti 2, 1990, xa imikhosi Iraq ahlasela elingummelwane Kuwait. Isiseko uqoqosho lweli lizwe anabo ioli. Kungenxa yale resource kunye ungquzulwano yaqala.

NgoJulayi, intloko Iraq i-Saddam Hussein bammangalela esidlangalaleni abasemagunyeni Kuwaiti ukuba iminyaka eliqela lwenziwa utsalo mthethweni lwamafutha emasimini ebekwe kwi kummandla Iraq. E Baghdad, wafuna ukuba ahlawule i-billion emininzi lwedola omhle. Kuwaiti Emir Jaber III wala ukuba sikhokelwe Saddam Hussein.

Ukuhlaselwa Kuwait

Emva koko, umkhosi Iraqi alingenele ilizwe elincinane elingummelwane. Uninzi imikhosi Kuwaiti likwazile sokungena Saudi Arabia. Le mini Uemir, owakukhupha urhulumente elubhacweni kwisixeko Dhahran. Akukho ukumelana kakhulu ukuba abahlaseli ukuba ayifikelelekanga. kweentsuku ezimbini kamva, ngoAgasti 4, umkhosi Iraqi uthathe ulawulo lwe yonke indawo Kuwait. imikhosi Saddam Hussein elilahlekileyo abantu abamalunga 300 abafileyo. Le imikhosi Kuwaiti exhobileyo, eli nani ifikelele 4 amawaka.

kwaqala imfazwe kwi nePersian Gulf. Kweli lizwe wawusaziwa amema yeephaphethi ixhomekeke Baghdad Republic of Kuwait. Xa intloko yorhwwebo urhulumente wema amagosa owavumayo basebenzisana ngokuphathelele Hussein. Emva kweveki, bacela kwilizwe elingummelwane ye ngokudibana, ngoko kwakuhlile. Agasti 28, Kuwait waba lelinye lawona maphondo Iraqi.

Indlela uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe

Ngosuku lokuqala Gulf kweMfazwe ukuba ngokungxamisekileyo obize le UN Security Council. Kwintlanganiso yayo yamkela isigqibo apho ifuna ukuba urhulumente Iraqi lokurhoxisa amajoni ayo evela kwilizwe elingummelwane. Ngelo xesha yavuma baye babanjwa zonke akhawunti yebhanki yenkokheli Baghdad endaweni yayo kwaye wabeka i iingalo korhwebo.

Emva kokuba umsebenzi Kuwait, emdeni Iraq kunye Saudi Arabia sele beqalisile yezulu. Ubunkokheli omabini la mazwe baqalisa qinisa imida zabo ngokwezahlulo zabo regiments. I-Middle East bekusoloko imbiza ebilayo. Ngoku, lo mmandla ekugqibeleni ijike ibe lulwandle igazi.

Ngelo xesha e Iraq waqalisa ukubamba abemi bamazwe Western, wathi ukwayo oluchasene norhulumente wakhe. Kude ekupheleni Gulf War, aba bantu eneneni nabafo abazizibambiso. Umqalisi iphambili kumzabalazo ochasene US e-Iraq waqala. Ngowe-1990 nyaka Imfazwe Yomlomo yaphela ngempumelelo. ESoviet Union yaba nganeno ngaseludinini kwintlekele yoqoqosho, kwaye inkqubo yehlabathi lonke wamaKomanisi ujongene awayekuzo. Kule meko, i-US waba urhulumente kuphela axoxe kwisikhundla amandla kunye Saddam Hussein. Malunga umkhosi American baqalisa ukwenza mfelandawonye (ubukhulu becala ababevela kumazwe NATO), nto leyo kamva idluliselwe Iraq. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eSoviet Union inkxaso izenzo amandla zamazwe ngamazwe (MNF).

"Desert Shield"

Ukusuka Agasti 1990 ukuya kuJanuwari 1991, angalawuliyo umkhosi ngamazwe kanzulu ngomoya nedlelo imikhosi yayo kummandla Saudi ukwenzela ukulungiselela ngokuhlaselwa Iraq hayi ukuvumela Hussein ukuba ukuhlasela Saudi Arabia ngokwayo. empini enzima kwaba kweli xesha, ngoko singatsho ukuba i nqumama lombutho, abawabelwayo War Gulf. Abathathi-nxaxheba lo mcimbi wabiza ngokugqithiselwa kwamandla e-Saudi Arabia, "Operation Desert Shield".

Zisiwe kuMbindi Mpuma kuphela technology, kodwa ukutya, amafutha, amayeza kunye nezinye ezininzi. Konke oku kwenziwa ngokusekelwe ekubeni imfazwe ukuze zithathe kakhulu. Ekuqaleni 1991, mdibaniso wakwazi ingqalelo kufutshane nomda amandla Iraqi gqitha, mkhulu ngamandla kunye izakhono nezixhobo yotshaba.

"Desert Storm"

January 17, 1991-moya angalawuliyo ngamazwe ukuqala aseMelika Iraq. Esimaziyo kakhulu ebusuku. Eyona njongo yawo olona iziseko ebalulekileyo yomkhosi noqoqosho lweli lizwe. inombolo yerekhodi yokumka (phantse amawaka amahlanu) kwenziwa iintsuku ezimbini. Lokuqala Gulf War weza sikwinqanaba isigqibo. Coalition nangoko bakwazi ukuphumelela i inzuzo emoyeni nokutshabalalisa amashishini mveliso ezibalulekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, lo zokudubula emhlabeni Iraqi baqalisa aseMelika angabamelwane Saudi Arabia (apho kukho ukutyeshelwa utshaba) kunye noSirayeli. NgoFebruwari, uhlaselo Amanyeneyo abachaphazelekayo unxibelelwano, zokugcina izixhobo, wema indawo apho izindululi, izibonelelo mveliso, njalo njalo .. Konke oku kwenziwa ukuze kube lula ukusebenza umhlaba kwixesha elizayo. Eyokuqala Gulf War yaba sisiganeko eyahlukileyo bexesha lakhe ngqo ngenxa yokubaluleka lafumana-moya.

Ngobusuku ka February 24, 1991 waqalisa ukusebenza olingana womanyano. Kunxweme nePersian Gulf (kwi kummandla yemizi Kuwait) amajoni US inxaxheba. Ziqala waba olukhawulezayo kakhulu onke amacandelo ngaphambili. Icandelo, wawela umda Iraqi kwicala asentshona central, ngokulula baboyisa iinqaba umda nobusuku phambili yi km 30.

Ngu ngokuhlwa Februwari 26 amabutho Saddam Hussein kaThixo akhululwa ikomkhulu Kuwait, Kuwait. kweentsuku ezimbini kamva, umkhosi Iraqi iye yaphela ukuxhathisa kuwo onke amacandelo ngaphambili. ubuchule wakhe ukuba becala kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye abantu abatyhafileyo. Abachatshazelwa yi ukongama zokusebenzisana ngamandla neteknoloji. Enyanisweni, ekwanti Iraq ilwa lonke ihlabathi oluphucukileyo, ukuze aligwebe nokudliwa okungekho mthethweni Kuwait.

iziphumo

Xa kuqala kwehlabathi onke amaqela ungquzulwano baqhutyelwa ukuhlalutya iziphumo ze-Gulf War. Le manyano ezindleko ezinkulu kwenzeke kwi US Army. Yaza yabulala abantu 298, wabatshabalalisa 40 moya, amatanki 33, njalo njalo. D. Ezinye iilahleko abazange ebalulekileyo ngenxa isabelo encinane elinokuvela xa kuthelekiswa iindawo yaseMelika.

amanani Okuninzi impikiswano ye abafileyo Iraq. Emva kokuba imfazwe kumajelo wasentshona kwakukhona ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola. It ezicatshulweyo amanani ukusuka amajoni-25 ukuya kwi-100 amawaka efile. Ngokwe-manani ezisemthethweni enikwa yi-Government of Iraq, ngenxa kuphangwa air yabulala ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini abangalwiyo. Idatha kwi abonzakeleyo umkhosi e Baghdad zange ishicilelwe okanye ngokubanzi, kuba nguwuphi na kubo kunzima kakhulu ngumgwebi. Uphando Koloni nayiphi na imeko ayikwazanga ngokususela kwingcaciso eqinisekisiwe kwaye iqinisekisiwe. Kwezobugcisa, Iraq iphelelwe ngaphezulu kwama-300 moya, iinqanawa-19, malunga 3 amawaka kwiitanki. Okubangel 'umdla ukuba eSoviet-wenza inxalenye enkulu kubo. Urhulumente iindlela zokuthenga Saddam Hussein kaThixo ubunzima USSR ukususela 70s. Ngowe-1990, le amatanki, izithuthi zokulwa nomkhosi, njalo njalo. D. Ngaba sele ngokuphawulekayo lixesha kuthelekiswa entsha baseMelika nabaseYurophu.

Imiboniso bhanya bhanya malunga Persian Gulf War ( "Jarhead," "Yomelela Ugxekwa") ukubonisa esinye ngumkhuba eyodwa enxulumene nale ungquzulwano. Uninzi lwamajoni yaseMelika abaye baba Iraq, bebuyela ekhaya, waqalisa ukuba eninzi ntshikilelo. Ngandlel 'ithile kube ngathi sisifo mass ukuba ngaphambili zafumana amagqala Vietnam eUnited States Afghanistan USSR. Xa inkcubeko ethandwayo isenzeko ubizwa ngokuba 'imfazwe syndrome kwi nePersian Gulf. "

nemiphumela eziphilayo

Phambi kokuba emke yakhe Kuwait, amajoni Iraq baqala uku rhweba yeoli woyigalela nePersian Gulf. Kamva, ezi zenzo babebizwa ubugrogrisi lokusingqongileyo. Nangona sizana ngenqwelomoya sizama ukusebenzisa ngqo bombing kusingcangcazelise umsebenzi kushishino oyile e awuthimba Kuwait, ulwandle lwaba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8 emilambo izinto ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo.

Imiphumo kade - ukufa amawaka iintaka, iintlanzi ezininzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana. KuMbindi Mpuma kangangexesha elithile emva koku beza ekuthiwa-imvula emnyama. Izenzo babalekile umkhosi Iraqi kwakhokelela ntlekele inkulu lwendalo ngexesha layo.

ukwahlukanisa Iraq

Yintoni imiphumo yezopolitiko leyo ekhokelele Gulf War? Ngokufutshane, lo mmandla wabuyiselwa status quo. Kuwait wakhululwa emva kurhulumente osemthethweni. Saddam Hussein ngo-2002, weza uxolo wakhe kweli lizwe, kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, azizange kwamkelwa. Iraq emva "Desert Storm" yaqalisa ixesha yodwa. izohlwayo Western aye alondolozwa.

Emva kokoyiswa kwimfazwe e kumantla elo lizwe laqalisa kwimvukelo le Kurds kunye Shiites. Nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi abanobuhlanga zonqulo ngenkohlakalo bacinezelwa umkhosi Iraq. imisebenzi sazela kwakhokelela ngesihelegu noluntu kule ngingqi. Ngenxa yoko, kwiindawo yomntla nabaphumi-manyano ngamazwe ziye zaziswa. Esi sigqibo ukushukunyiswa ukhuseleko nokusungula. Ukongeza, ezi imimandla no-impukane, ezingenako aphaphazele aye iinqwelomoya Iraqi ziye zaziswa ukumisa kuqhuma abahlali.

I-Gulf War, oonobangela apho kulala izigqibo entsha ka Saddam Hussein, kukhokelele ingapheli impixano kuMbindi Mpuma. Nangona imeko yayo isiphelo uzinzile noko, kwingingqi kusekho ukuphikisana ezininzi mba kwaye ungquzulwano. Ngenxa yabo, kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi zemfazwe yesibini kwi nePersian Gulf.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze impi entsha

Xa imfazwe yaphela ngo-1991, i-UN ubenibanga Iraq ukuba bahlukane kwezixhobo sele-okhoyo intshabalalo ubunzima (imichiza, bemvelo) arhoxise uphuhliso ezintsha. Ukuze benze oku, eli lizwe ikhomishini yezizwe ngqo. Yena esweni ngempumelelo ukuphunyezwa ngezigqibo UN de ekupheleni 90, xa urhulumente Iraqi wala ukubambisana nale nto. Ingxaki yokuba izixhobo evaliwe Saddam wayengomnye izizathu enye imfazwe e Gulf. Kwakungekho ezinye izizathu ehlaselayo US imikhosi kunye nabaxhasi babo de 2001. Ngoko ngoSeptemba 11 eNew York zenzeka kuhlaselo, elungiselelwa iqela "Al Qaeda." Kamva, inkokheli American uthethe iintlondi Saddam lothungelwano kula Islamists.

amabango US zaye imibuzo evela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Sekunjalo ixhaphake, imbono yokuba loo malinge US kwakuphosakele nje kuphela, kodwa mthethweni. US kunye namahlakani zokusebenzisana (ikakhulu UK) wahlasela Iraq ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso UN, ngoko besaphula Charter mbutho.

Ngokuhlaselwa yesibini Iraq

Matshi 20, 2003 waqala kuhlasela entsha imbumba ngezizwe Iraq. I-Union, ukongeza eUnited States, kuquka omnye amazwe 35. Eli xesha, ngokwahlukileyo kowokuqala Gulf War, kwakukho ngokucokisekileyo moya zokuqhushumbisa. Ugxininiso yabekwa phezu kwaso emhlabeni, nto leyo isiseko zonke Kuwait efanayo. Isigaba elikhutheleyo ukusebenza ngoMatshi-Meyi 2003, namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba Iraq imfazwe, okanye yesiBini Gulf War (nangona umlo eyona kwakuqhubeka lonke ilizwe, hayi nje kunxweme).

Kwiiveki ezintathu, mdibaniso waba nako ukufaka zonke izixeko likhulu lizwe. Idabi eBaghdad wayevela-3 ukuya kowe-12 Apreli. imikhosi International phantse bese. Umkhosi Iraq iye abatyhafileyo. Ukongeza, inxalenye enkulu yabantu sendawo aneliseke ngamandla ngoozwilakhe ka Saddam Hussein yaye ke ngoko, ninovuyo, wadibana iintlanga. UMongameli wabaleka ukusuka kwikomkhulu, kwaye kudala kuye ngokubaleka. Kwafunyaniswa December 13, 2003 kuphela kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwendlu ingathi yimimangaliso kwilali encinane al-Daur. Hussein wabanjwa kwaye ufake kwi ematyaleni. Amangalelwe ngayo kohlanga Kurds empini zininzi (kubandakanywa ngexesha lemfazwe Kuwait ngo-1990-1991.). NgoDisemba 30, 2006 owayesakuba uzwilakhe wokuqala wabulawa ngokuxhonywa.

Iziphumo ze enye impi

Ukubhukuqwa urhulumente sangaphambili Baath Party e-Iraq yaba sisiphumo ephambili War Gulf yesibini. Amafoto wabanjwa wagwetywa Saddam Hussein, lwavakala kulo lonke ihlabathi. Emva intsimi eIraq ilawulwa nabaphumi umfelandawonye ngamazwe kweli lizwe zaye zabanjwa kunyulo lwentando yesininzi ngonyaka, nto leyo urhulumente omtsha akhethwe.

amajoni US ukuba ahlale e-Iraq de-2011. Kwakunxibelelene kukuba, nangona ukuwa Hussein korhulumente, imeko kummandla kuye bebabi kakhulu. films obubhaliweyo malunga imfazwe nePersian Gulf, ugxeke US ukuhlasela, ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela Iraq nangakumbi iintshukumo Islamist. Radicals wathi jihad nxamnye bahlaseli. E Baghdad, uhlaselo baqalisa ukuba kwenzeka rhoqo (ikakhulu ukuhlasela ukuzibulala kunye Ziyaqhubeka imoto).

Ngoku Iraq i imfazwe yamakhaya ethe wathabatha ngendlela yokuhlaselwa olunye olukhulu olujoliswe ebantwini. Izenzo ezinjalo ukuma zezona sixhobo eziphambili kuxinzelelo Islamists ububi urhulumente pro-American. Ngo-2011 waqalisa jikelele "Arab Spring" kuMbindi Mpuma. Ngenxa efanayo imfazwe yamakhaya Syria kwimimandla umda mazwe mabini wabonakala Islamists elinamalungelo afanayo nalawo karhulumente kunye jihadists - LIH. Namhlanje, umbutho uthathwa ukuba vanguard ubunqolobi jikelele (it Akwazi ukuba usithe Al-Qaeda).

ubunkokheli US kudla tyala, ngenxa ngokuhlaselwa American ngemeko mmandla yazanyazanyiswa, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela amaqela eziyingozi eliqela ekulweni nje kuphela ekhaya, kodwa kwakhona ukucwangcisa ukuhlaselwa abahlali eYurophu kunye nehlabathi liphela . Kwelinye icala, emva kwemfazwe ngo-2003 nangoku zisonjululwe umba Kurds alwayo inkululeko kumantla Iraq.