Uranium kuphele: inkcazelo kunye nesicelo

Wabiza uranium osemanzini, ekukho ngokuyintloko na Isotope U-238. Ku kuqala ngo-1940 eUnited States. Le nto ibangelwa yimveliso uranium zendalo ekwenziweni amafutha yenyukliya kunye emthethweni.

njani

Indlela yokwenza uranium .Ngaphezu? Kwiinkampani ezizodwa akuyongxaki. Ngo-reactor zenyukliya kwaye isebenzisa zendalo U-235. Xa ekwandiseni bahlukane uranium Isotope ngokobunzima. Inxalenye ephambili U-235 U-234 licatshulwa eziphathekayo. Isiphumo OS ogama yemisebe ayikho phezulu kakhulu. Kuba esi salathisi, oko na enasilela nokuba uranium esikrwada, apho zokuma eSoviet kanye wazala kubhaka.

uranium olusele: yesicelo

DU zingasetyenziselwa iinjongo zoxolo kunye nemveliso emthethweni. Ikubeka wathola ngokuyintloko ngenxa ingxinano yalo phezulu (19.1 g / cm ^3). Amaxesha amaninzi isetyenziselwe, umzekelo, njengokuba counterweight kwi imijukujelwa kunye moya. Enye indawo apho le nto isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, yimithi. Kulo mzekelo, i op-amp isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa ukuvelisa izixhobo zonyango radiation. Sebenzisa lo myalezo njenge ukhuseleko kwimitha, umzekelo, kwizixhobo ray.

Le uranium shishino imfazwe ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngenxa nokuveliswa amacwecwe isikrweqe. Kwakhona asisetyenziswa ekwenziweni iimbumbulu kunye zikhali. Kweli xesha lokuqala kokuba usetyenziswa US emkhosini. US Engineers thelekelwayo ababambeleyo ekwenziweni ezi umphakathi BTS Tungsten metal eninzi. Ingongoma kukuba uranium .Ngaphezu nezokugqibela efana kakhulu mninzi. Ngaloo umphakathi wenza ngoko, zibiza ngokuphindwe kathathu zitshiphu Tungsten.

Iimpawu ukusetyenziswa Iimboniselo ne lokutyela uranium

Enye inzuzo OS njengoko undoqo emthethweni kukuba uyakwazi phemba ngokuzenzekelayo phezu impembelelo. Kulo mzekelo ngamaqhekeza amancinci zokukhanya emoyeni phemba izinto ezinokutsha ngaphakathi isithuthi transport okanye abangele dubulo emthethweni.

Ukongeza, zezixhobo uranium sisazama ukuba ipropati self-ulola. Ngoko ke, lo ezichaphazelekayo wadubula iimeko ezinzima ezifana oonokrwece ungathatha imilo ngokuzenzekelayo, ebavumela ukuba kucanda phakathi kwayo yonke imiqobo kunye nokulahlekelwa amandla sakugcina.

Asebenzisa Iimboniselo ezinjalo

Amaqokobhe ne uranium sisazama esetyenziswa yimikhosi US kwiimfazwe ezininzi. Baye kuqala ukusetyenziswa Iraq ngo-1991. Ngelo xesha, i Army US luchithwe malunga ne-14 amawaka. Namaqokobhe Tank ukuba isampuli. Ngokubanzi, eUnited States kusetyenziswa ngexesha komyalelo iitoni 300 ka DU of.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yama-21, NATO uye wasebenzisa kweqokobhe of uranium sisazama emfazweni nxamnye laseYugoslavia. Emva koko kwakhokelela yayisothusa enkulu ngamazwe. Uluntu bafunda ukuba amajoni ezininzi zaphuhliswa umhlaza.

Amabango malunga izifo ezibangelwa olu hlobo isixhobo nxamnye United States kaRhulumente efayilini emva kokuba amajoni ngxi Iraq. Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye kubo ngoko akazange aneliseke. URhulumente wabhekisela into yokuba ubungqina ngqo kwiziphumo eziyingozi DU emzimbeni womntu khona.

NgoJanuwari ka-2001, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo Commission Special akundincina iiprojekthi ezili-11, apho yambetha izixhobo kunye kweentonga ezo. Kulo mzekelo, 8 kubo zinalo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, amanzi baseKosovo waba akaphilanga ngokupheleleyo ukutyiwa. Ukhupha ulwenziwo balo mmandla uphononongwayo ukuba kuxabisa billion eziliqela zeerandi.

E Iraq, izifundo ezifanayo, ngelishwa, azikhange kuqhutywa. Kodwa ulwazi malunga amatyala emva zokudubula abemi beli lizwe nazo ziyafumaneka. Umzekelo, abantu 34 abaye bafa nje phambi kokuqala kwimpixano kwisixeko Basra ngumhlaza, emva kokuba - 644.

isikrweqe plate

I-OS nazo kusetyenziswa, yaye bonke ngenxa mninzi yayo ephakamileyo tank lokuvelisa isikrweqe. Amaninzi kubhaliwe wenza .lulwaleko oluphakathi phakathi sheets ezimbini ngentsimbi. Iintonga uranium uyaphela kusetyenziswa, umzekelo, kwi amatanki kunye M1A2 M1A1HA Abrams. Le yokugqibela ziye zaphuculwa emva 1998. Le ndlela liqulathe olusele namaqokobhe uranium kwi phambi igobhogobho kunye uqoqo.

Iimpawu. nefuthe elithe emzimbeni womntu

Nangona yokuba ngokunxulumene yemisebe of uranium sisazama nangoku njengeyingozi kakhulu (umz. A., Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iphawulwa elide isiqingatha-ubomi), kubonakala ukuba nefuthe elibi emzimbeni womntu, yena unako ukunika. izifundo UN bathi ngakumbi qhalo.

Kutheni emva adubula loo oonokrwece vozrstaet inani lezigulane umhlaza, siye safumanisa isazinzulu Russian Yablokov. Le umphandi kwacaca ekuqaleni, ukuba oko kungenzeka radiation. Ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukufunda ukuba kweqokobhe kunye uranium .Ngaphezu bayakwazi ukushiya ngasemva isitshizi ekuthiwa-ceramic. Xa emiphungeni zomntu, le nto ingena kwezinye ancedisana amalungu, ngokuthe ngcembe uqalisa yande wesibindi nezintso, nto leyo ekhokelela kuphuhliso somhlaza.

Phakathi-Januwari 2001, emva ekuqhubeni uphando e Kosovo, looNobhala iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zonke kwimisebenzi ziye ngqo izilumkiso ye uranium sisazama ukuba umzimba womntu. Nangona kunjalo, i-ntlanu usaqhubeka inyanzelise kukhuseleko iziyobisi, bechaza data evela kwi World Health Organization. Kakade ke, ukuba uyaqhubeka esebenzisa isixhobo esisekelwe.

Njengoko zokukhanya zingenzeka

Uranium ekhoyo kwindawo ngawo onke amaxesha. Nkqu umzimba womntu isixa esithile kuwo (malunga 90 g). Phezu wadibana DU Iimboniselo nangona ukhuseleko lwabo isihlobo kulo mba, umntu uyakwazi ukufumana ithuba elincinane. Oku kudla kwenzeka kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Kukudibana ngqo okanye kufutshane ukuya OS. Zokukhanya unakho, umzekelo, kwenzeka ngexesha ukusebenza stock iimbumbulu akufumana nabo umatshini enye, wadibana lowo doti, emva kokuba uqhushumbo, njalo njalo. D. Undoqo uranium sisazama ukho kule izindlu. Noko ke, maxa wambi ingqibelelo lokugqibela iyolala. Kulo mzekelo, i-exposure izinga linyuke kakhulu.

• Xa tapeworm yokuginya okanye ukusezela DU amasuntswana.

• Ngqo ngegazi. Oku kudla eyenzeka amanxeba ezibangelwa ukunxibelelana amaqokobhe okanye iintonga eyenziwe OS.

Ngoku I-WHO iye izikhokelo kwi uranium. Abaninzi kubo linokusetyenziswa DU. Ngenxa yoko, ithamo avumelekile yemihla uranium owa emlonyeni kuthathwa ngokuba 0.6 mg kwekilogram ubunzima bomzimba ngalinye. izinga ezihlelelekileyo of ionizing radiation-1 m3v ngonyaka yabemi eziqhelekileyo 20 m3v mihlanu iminyaka kwabo abasebenza kwindawo yemisebe (nge-avareji).

ingxaki ku ri

Ngelo xesha langoku ehlabathini sele efunde isitokhwe elikhulu DU. Kulo mzekelo, ubugcisa mveliso nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ayikhange yenziwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Iinkampani yaseYurophu kwiimeko ezinjalo zithande ukuba zisebenza inkqubo elula kakhulu. Ngokusemthethweni, azigqibi ukuthumela OU eRashiya ukuze iqwalaselwe. Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi onjalo kuthathwa ukuba ube eninzi ngaphezu iindleko kulahlwe kweziyobisi kunye nokugcinwa yayo. Inzuzo ukuba iinkampani kule meko iza kuxhomekeka kukuba emva doobogoscheniya iYurophu ibuyisela% 10 kuphela izinto ekrwada kwamanye amazwe eRashiya. 90% uhlala kummandla lizwe lethu.

Ngokutsho komthetho, ukuze OU ukusuka kwamanye amazwe eRashiya ayinakwenzeka. Ukuze ufumane ngeenxa zonke, uranium angaphandle sisazama zidluliselwe nje ngumnini federal. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iRashiya efunde malunga 800 lamawaka. Zeetoni zenkunkuma enjalo. Ngelo xesha 125 lamawaka. Iitoni iye nayo ivela eYurophu.

OS US ithathwa inkunkuma eqhumayo. Ngo-Russia, i-uranium sisazama luchazwa izinto ezixabisekileyo amandla, oluhambelana ngokupheleleyo ngenxa zamandla fast iiseli zemithambo-luvo.