UMgaqo-siseko waseBrithani enkulu. Iimpawu, isakhiwo kunye nemithombo yoMthetho oyiNtloko we-United Kingdom

UMgaqo-siseko waseBrithani enkulu, enezinto ezinobuninzi, into eyingqayizivele kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Ubume bokuqala ngumlingani wembali: njengemigaqo yemithetho, iziganeko kunye namasiko axhasa isakhiwo kunye negunya lamagunya karhulumente, uhlobo lolwalamano phakathi kobuso kunye nabemi belizwe, uMgaqo-siseko waseBrithani uphuhlise kancane kancane.

Icandelo lesibini ehlukile kuMthetho oyiBritish Basic lawula ukuguquguquka. Ukuhlaziywa kwanoma imiphi imigaqo-siseko, akukho imfuneko yokuhamba kwinkqubo enzima kunye nexesha elide lokuguqulwa (ukuxhaswa) okwenziwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukulungelelaniswa komgaqo-siseko akuthethi kuthi ukungazinzi kwayo. I-conservatism yaseBrithani eyaziwayo isebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokuzinza koMthetho oyiNtloko welizwe.

Enye into ebonisa ukuba akukho senzo esisodwa kunye nesihloko esithi "Umgaqo-siseko waseBrithani enkulu". Ngale ndlela, ayibhalwanga. Okubhaliweyo, okokuthi, kugxininiswe kwiphepha, inxalenye yoMgaqo-siseko waseBrithani uquka izenzo ezahlukahlukeneyo zomthetho ezijolise ekulawuleni imiba yomgaqo-siseko.

UMgaqo-siseko we-Great Britain usezixhobo ezintathu:

• Umthetho osemthethweni;
• Ngokuqhelekileyo (icala lomthetho) ;
• Izivumelwano zomgaqo-siseko.

Akunakwenzeka ukuseka inani elichanekileyo lemithombo yomthetho ukuba uMgaqo-siseko we-Great Britain uyabandakanya, ngenxa yokungabikho kwemigqaliselo apho omnye okanye omnye umthombo kufuneka ubekwe ngenye inxalenye yolu xwebhu.

Umthombo wemithetho esemthethweni isenzo esamkelwe ngokuhambelana nenkqubo yepalamente kwaye ihlawulwe yintloko yelizwe (imimiselo), kunye nezenzo ezithatyathwe ngabanye amagunya karhulumente ngokusesikweni kwamalungelo anikezelwe ngumzimba osemthethweni (izenzo zomthetho otyunjweyo). Uninzi lwezenzo zomgaqo-siseko zamukelwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo yiPalamente yaseBritani. Isakhiwo somthetho osemthethweni senziwe ngamanyathelo avumelekileyo ngokusebenzayo nanamhla:

• Izenzo zomthetho ezithatyathwa ngamakhulu eminyaka edluleyo (Magna Carta, iBill of Rights, njl.);
• Imithetho edluliselwe kwikota yokugqibela (iMithetho ePalamente, uMthetho kwiNdlu yeeNqununu, iMithetho kwiNgqongqoshe yeConcer, njl.).

Umthetho oqhelekileyo e-UK udalwe yinkundla. Abagwebi, abakhokelwa ngumgaqo "wokubambisana ngokuthe ngqo kwi-resolved" (ukukhangela i-decisis), sebenzisa iziganeko kwiimeko ezithile kunye neenkalo kwimeko nganye. Ngaloo ndlela, imithombo yomthetho oqhelekileyo iyimigqaliselo yecala - imimiselo nemigaqo ebeyilwe kwiimeko ezithile. Njengomthetho, ziyizigqibo zezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yiinkantolo eziphakamileyo kwimibandela yomgaqo-siseko. Iziganeko zobulungisa zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ezinye zamalungelo abemi, kunye nemicimbi ephathelele kwamalungelo esithsaba.

Izivumelwano zomgaqo-siseko (zibizwa ngokuba nezithethe zomgaqo-siseko, imiqathango yesiganeko) yinxalenye yezopolitiko, xa umbutho wezopolitiko useka imithetho okanye ugqibe izivumelwano eziba ngumgangatho.

Imithombo esemthethweni yoMthetho oyiBritish Basic Act iquka imibono epapashwe ngabaphengululi abagunyazayo ngomthetho, oko kukuthi, imithombo yemfundiso.