Iindidi zedata

Ngophuhliso zobugcisa computer esoloko itshintsha imbono lombutho kwedatha kunye neendima zabo. Le khompyutha uyakwazi ukugcina ulwazi oluninzi kunye uyilawule. Ekubeni iimpawu ngamnye lwedata xa usebenzisa kubo ngoyaba ngenxa nokungancedi lutho kwawo, idatha kubonakala sibe iqhekeza nje leyinene. Ngokomzekelo, siye sibe uluhlu impumelelo yomfundi kwezinye izikolo, uluhlu esikhetha umfundi othile, kuya kubhalwa ngayo eklasini yakhe, kwakunye novavanyo, apho phantse ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi kunikwa imikhwa yakhe, okanye umbala wamehlo. Ngoko ke idatha kwikhompyutha. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufuneka ukhethe ezininzi data, zona inzuzo yokwenene kuthi. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukhethe ukumela indlela le datha, njengoko iza kuxhomekeka izakhono software yakho nekhompyutha.

Kule mihla, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze data. Ngenxa inkqubela rhoqo kwezobuchwephesha computer, oko ngoku zingasetyenziswa njenge data aqhelekileyo efan, kunye neendidi ezintsonkothileyo ephuma ngokuhlanganisa data zilula.

Cinga ngakumbi iintlobo ze data. Ngezibalo, ukuba ngokweendidi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lwamaxabiso, loo nto inye eyenzeka kweli kweenkqubo. Ngamnye umsebenzi, variable, rhoqo okanye binzana libhekisela uhlobo oluthile. Zeziphi iintlobo data elula? Okokuqala, - integers ngaphezulu imisebenzi eqhelekileyo inokwenziwa, ezifana Ukongeza, icandelo, njl Ngokungafaniyo integers e arithmetic, integers kwinzululwazi computer uluhlu zabo. Okwesibini, i - amanani wokwenene, apho inokwenziwa imisebenzi efanayo, kodwa ukuchaneka kwazo akukho lee ixabiso olunye ezisisigxina. Okwesithathu, oko - idata umlinganiswa, ezithi odolwa kwaye ikhowudi yenombolo. Okwesine, oko - amaxabiso asezantsi abasebenzisi kwamagama, nto leyo ukusebenza kunokwenzeka kuphela. Okwesihlanu, oko - iintlobo data kusengqiqweni ukuba imiselwe ku "okwenyaniso" yaye "bobuxoki ', lokwenyaniso nolobuxoki, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Okokugqibela, kubaluleke - iindidi umsebenzisi-elichaziweyo, leyo, umzekelo, kungaquka oonobumba neenombolo kuluhlu ezithile umsebenzisi.

Iintlobo data ngasentla, obizwa ngokuba elula, kulula ukubona, njengoko ukuthobela imiqathango: 1 Igama - 1 ixabiso. uya kuqonda ke ukuba akukho iindidi data structured. Bona kuchaziwe umbhekisi phambili kule nkqubo. Kucacile ukuba izenzo zenzeko esisikelwe ye ulwimi lokuprograma, kwaye iintlobo ezinokwenzeka ayalelayo ulwimi ayifani, kodwa uninzi izakhiwo ziyaphunyezwa njengoko standard phantse zonke iilwimi lwenkqubo. Ezi ntlobo data zihlelwa ngokwemiqathango ethile: odolwe - onamandla, ufikelelo ngqo - - uphazamisekile, bomzi - owahlukeneyo, ndawonye ukufikelela yokulandelelana. Ezi mpawu icala kuphela ngaphakathi ngababini, kwaye inokudityaniswa. Oku kuquka entries, iifayile, iiseti, kwimiboniso, watshisa izitha, kwakunye nombutho oluneqela le data. Kwezinye iimeko, uhlelo ungachaza eliguqukayo izakhiwo data, kwaye inkumbulo yabelwe ukugcina ngqo ukusebenza isicelo yakhe.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, oko wafumana iinkqubo ngokubanzi into ebomini, nto leyo lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo ungquzulwano phakathi kwe data kunye program. Njengoko sele sibonile, kukho iindidi ngeendidi data, ukusetyenziswa apho kuxhomekeke kuphela kwi imeko yangoku kunye neminqweno ngamnye. Ngala, unako ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kuba iiyunithi zabo leeyunithi ntetho zomlinganiselo. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngaphandle kwabo besingayi kuba uhleli nani namhlanje kwi computer, kunye nobuchwepheshe nje ukuma ngxi.