Inkunzi yaseAltai. Imibono kaBharnaul

UBharnaul ngowona mzi mveliso omkhulu, ohlala eningizimu yeNtshona Siberia. Igama layo linikezelwa kwinqununu yaseAltai esuka emlanjeni uBarnaulka egeleza apho. Endaweni apho lo mlambo ugeleza ukuya kwi-Ob, kwaye kukho isixeko esityebileyo kwiindawo ezikhangayo. UBharnaul udumileyo kwiindawo zakhe zembali, phakathi kwazo apho kuhlala khona abantu basekudala kunye nemibhobho. Kodwa ekuqaleni ukubona inkunzi yaseAltai ayiyi kuthandwa ngumntu wonke. Lo ngumzi apho uphuhliso olukhulayo. Abo bahamba ngeAltai, baninzi beza kwikomkhulu yakhe kuphela ngokudlula, kungekhona ixesha elide. Ukufika nge-plane ukuya kwidolophu yesixeko kuya kuba nakho kuphela kwimimandla yezoshishino, okuyikho iya kukukholisa wonke umntu. Abo bafika kwisitimela babe nethamsanqa - baya kuthi babekho phakathi kweso sixeko.

Imithetho yemvelaphi yegama lesixeko

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi malunga ne-etymology yegama lomuzi. Ngaphambili kwakukholelwa ukuba igama elithi "uBharnaul" laguqulelwa ukusuka kwisiKazakh njenge "ikampu enhle". Kodwa le nguqulo yinto engathandabuzekiyo, kuba i-Kazakhs ayizange ihambe kwindawo apho i-capital Altai ikhona khona. Kukho enye inguqu yemvelaphi yegama elithi "Barnaul", ekhankanywe ngaphambili: livela kumlambo ogeleza kule ndawo, ebizwa ngaphambili kwimaphu "uBorolol" kunye ne "Boronour".

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Inkunzi yaseAltai - Barnaul - yabonakala emva kokuguqulwa kukaPetros I, eyabangela ukuqhuma okukhulu ekuphuhlisweni kweRashiya. Ngaphambi kokubonakala kweso sixeko kwinqanaba laseAltai, kwafunyanwa iifowuni zezitye ezicebileyo, isityalo saseRussia sokuthunga izitya sakhiwa kule ndawo.

Kakade ngo-1730, umzalisi owaziwayo A.N. UDadidov wathumela abantu ukuba bafumane indawo efanelekileyo yokwakha umveliso omkhulu. Ukukhethwa kwaloo mva kwawa emlonyeni womlambo waseBarnaulka. Olu khetho lwalusekelwe kwimfuno yokuveliswa kwamanzi kunye nezibonelelo zehlathi. Kwakukho ingxaki enye kuphela: isayithi yokwakhiwa kwesityalo yayisuswe kakhulu kwimvelaphi yezinto ezibonakalayo, oko kukuthi i- ore ye-copper, kodwa oku kungafaneleke ukunyamezela. Ngaphezu koko, ukhetho luka- Akinfiy Demidov malunga nokuhlala kwesityalo luye lwachaphazelwa kukuba i-ore yesilivere yafunyanwa kwi-Altai. Intsimi yaseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia ngummiselo we-Impress Elizabeth Petrovna yaqatshelwa njengommandla wendlu yobukhosi. Ukususela ngo-1771, uBarnaul waqala ukuthwala indawo 'yintaba yeentaba', kamva wayeyinxalenye yesiphondo saseTomsk, kwaye ke ummandla waseTomsk. Kususela ngo-1937 uBarnaul uye waba liziko lolawulo le-Altai Territory esandul 'ukutshalwa. Imfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic ayizange iqhubelele esi sixeko ngokunjalo-ngeli xesha ixesha elikhulu lezo shishini zoshishino ezazisecaleni langasentshona zelizwe zaxoshwa apha. Ngoku inkunzi enkulu yeAltai ayikho nto ngaphandle kwenkcubeko enkulu yezobugcisa zaseSiberia.

Iimbali ezidumile zasezidolophini

UMark Judelevich ebaleni lakhe "I-Blue Lady" ichaza ukuba ngumfazi wesityholo esityhilwayo kwisakhiwo samanje solawulo lweedolophu. Ngelo xesha, umgca ubonisa ukuba umfazi omncinci wendoda ngokubanzi wayexhomekeke kulezi ndonga ziphila. Umlandela olandelayo uthi A. UDemidov wayefake isiliva kwiifekthi zakhe, ngoko ke la ma shishini adluliselwa kwingxowa-mali. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uDemidov waqalekisa lezi zityalo. Ngenxa yoko, kuthiwa kwiindawo apho babekho khona, ngoMeyi kukho amaxesha enhlekelele (umkhukula ngo-1793, umlilo ngo-1917, njl.).

Tyelelo

Izibheno ezininzi zeBarnaul, iifoto ezingabonakaliswa ngezantsi, ukutsala abavakhenkethi ngamabali abo, ukufikelela kunye nobuhle. Iimbali zedolophu kuphela zivuyisa ukucinga kwaye zivelise umdla phakathi kwabaphandi. Inkunzi yeentaba zaseAltai idume ngokushishino kwayo kwintaba. Ngozuko lweeminyaka eyikhulu leminyaka yale ntsimi yomsebenzi, i-Demidov Pillar yamiselwa, efumaneka kwiDemidov Square. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1825 kwaye kwaphela iminyaka engama-14 emva koko. Ukususela ngoko, i-obelisk iye yaxhaswa kunye ne-bas-relief ebonisa umseli weSixeko uDadidov, okwangelishwa, ngelishwa, isuswe kwixesha lokugqibela. Ukuphakama kwensika kuyimitha engama-14, iziseko zenziwe kwi-iron cast. Kuza kube yimini, insika iyisikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kombutho. Insika kaDemidov idla ngokuthelekiswa ne-obelisk yaseYiputa eParis.

Isikwele sabantu abawile ukulwa nentlalo yoluntu sinomdla kubalandeli bembali. Isikwere siyinkimbinkimbi esikhumbuzayo, ephakathi kolawulo lweedolophu kunye ne "Rodina" cinema. Olu lwakhiwo lonke, olubandakanya amangcwaba aqhelekileyo, i- stelae kunye nesikhumbuzo esinomlilo ongunaphakade. Ilitye lokuqala lesikhumbuzo lafakwa ngowe-1920, ukwakhiwa kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zagqitywa ngumnyaka wama-50 we-Revolution ye-Oktobha.

Amajoni ngexesha lakhe

Isikhumbuzo kuVasily Shukshin, umbhali, umlawuli kunye nomlingisi, ukhona kwisitalato sikaV. V. Makarovich kwaye unomlando onomdla kakhulu. Isikhumbuzo sodwa sabantu abavelele senziwa nguNikolai Zvonkov - umshini wokugaya, owaziqeqesha. Le ngcamango yaxhaswa yintloko, eyayikunceda ekudaleni umfanekiso. Xa intloko yolawulo lweedolophu yaqonda ukuba isicatshulwa esinjalo senziwe ngumculi, wayenqabela umsebenzi oqhubekayo, kodwa oku akuzange kumise iVykovkov. Ukutshatyalaliswa kokufana phakathi komsebenzi kunye nomntu ophilayo kwakuxabiswa: ngoJulayi 25, 1989, isikhumbuzo sifakwe.

Ukuphuhliswa rhoqo kwesi sixeko

Umnyuziyamu omncinane kunazo zonke kwisixeko ungathathwa njengemyuziyamu enegama elithakazelisayo "iSixeko". Yavulwa ngoSeptemba 2007. Ingcamango ephambili kunye nomxholo wemyuziyam ukubonisa imbali yenkunzi, ngokubonisa imifanekiso yabantu abahlukahlukeneyo abaye benza igalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sixeko. Apha uAkinfiy Demidov, kunye noVM Shukshin, kunye noFeb Gebler, kunye no-NM Yadrintsev. Imyuziyamu ayibandakanyekanga kuphela kwimiboniso yemisebenzi (iiprojekthi "Ukholo: ixesha lokuqulunqwa", umboniso ohloniphekileyo wokuzalwa kwe-80 ka-Shukshin VM), kodwa uphando: abasebenzi baseMyuziyam bahlanganyela ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto ezifundiswayo kwiingxelo zedolophu, kuquka Imimandla eyahlukeneyo yeRiphabhlikhi yaseAltai.