T-15 - inomzimba atomic: iimpawu

Ekupheleni kuka-imi- 40 lwenkqubo senyukliya yiSoviet Union ekuphuhliseni ngesantya umxhelo. Resources for lo msebenzi akazange azisole. Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa iziganeko eJapan, isixeko apho amaMelika lehla nje ezimbini iziqhushumbisi atomic. Ukuba khawulezani phezulu, ukuze abe phezu kwisiza yaseJapan.

Ngowe-1949, iye yavavanywa ezabo yokuqala ... kwaye ke wajika ukuba busiwa welinye icala mhlawumbi kuphela esezantsi-speed Tu-4. Kodwa sele kucaca ukuba lo, ukuze oko ngokuzolileyo, kungekhona ukhetho. Okokuqala, ezo moya sezishiywe lixesha kwaye ayikwazanga bazikhusele le interceptor, leyo yema iingalo US. Okwesibini, andifuni ukuphosa pilot: emva kokuba umsebenzi babeye ukhetho omnye - ukuzama ngokudlwengula phezu kwintsimi waseMexico.

Le meko akukho namnye nenkokheli lizwe akonwabanga malunga naloo nto. ephanda ezininzi ziye laphehlelelwa entsimini izithuthi delivery, apho elinye onomtsalane wajika T-15. Le inomzimba, kwenzeke "umsebenzi yakhe" ukuthwala nogu lwasempumalanga iphela USA.

Kutheni inomzimba?

Oku kungenxa yokuba nesinqanawa i-USSR yaba ngwenya kakhulu. Kakade ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo singqiniwe ukuba atyhudise, abheke kanye kunxweme yotshaba, kwaye oko kubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko imfazwe yenyukliya senzeka. Nokuba amaMelika unobuganga ukuphumeza isicwangciso sayo "Dropshot" inomzimba T-15 bekuya kuba isikhali ukuziphindiselela.

Kodwa ukwenza isigqibo - nye, yaye siyaqonda ukuba kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi: Iityhubhu inkulu ubukhulu inomzimba kwi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Soviet - 500 mm kunye ububanzi we "omncinane" ye ezabo atom - zonke mitha enye enesiqingatha. Yintoni ukwenza ntoni? Abaqhubi benqanawa babezimisele inomzimba ukubonakala ubukhulu eyaneleyo, kodwa ushishino lwenyukliya baphikelela okwahlukileyo.

developers esisiseko

Yayingubani intloko iprojekthi T-15? Le inomzimba yaphakanyiswa Alferovym V. I. yathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni ibhombu yeathom, ukuze amava yakhe. Yaba nguye lowo ngoko nangoko emva kovavanyo "ukuthengisa" umbono wabo ngxaki, zanyanzelisa kuphuhliso inomzimba omkhulu ngokusebenzisa "hydrogen" intlawulo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Navy aziswe ngesigqibo esinjalo akambeki konke konke. Isibakala sokuba Alferov akazange ukonwabela kuthandwa phakathi oomatiloshe, kwaba ekubeni owaqala xanisiwa ka Admiral Kuznetsov. Ngoko ke kukho imeko ngamazwi xa kwezikhali uthiwe yaphuhliswa kuphela imikhosi "umhlaba".

Kukholelwa ukuba umbhali ngqo le projekthi wayesaziwa academician yiSakharov. Super inomzimba T-15 (amandla megatons-100!) Ngaba ukuba isetyenziselwe uhlaselo kwi US ngasempumalanga kunxweme. Bekucingelwa ukuba dubulo "Ukumkani-torpedoes" kuvela wave Kulowo uhlanjiweyo kude yonke iziseko yotshaba, hayi kuphela elunxwemeni, kodwa nezibe ezinzulwini belizwe. Nanamhla oku, i inomzimba T-15 yiSakharov ingqalelo kakhulu ngamandla le udidi isixhobo, nokuba balamkela akazange.

layout Uqikelelo

LweziThuthi izixhobo ezintsha ingxelo kuphela ngo-1953, yaye oomatiloshe ngokwabo bakuvuyela ababenaye na. Isibakala sokuba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ukuba ukuthwala olu hlobo inomzimba, yonke igumbi lokuqala ijikwe ibe umatshini omkhulu ukuze usebenzise olu iqokobhe. Ngoko ke, lo inomzimba T-15 - omnye kuphela ehlabathini kwimeko xa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo iklasi eyodwa yenzelwe ukuthutha projectile enye. Liyinyaniso elokuba, ezi mpawu yokugqibela ezifana ukuba agubungele ngokupheleleyo iindleko.

Ubude lilonke isixhobo - neemitha ngaphezu kwama-20. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, inika ngeempumlo ezimbini inomzimba 533 mm ezilungiselelwe self-yokuzikhusela. Iindawo kule meko yaba ncinci kakhulu ukuba kulahlwe abasebenzi ngebaba torpedoes ezimbini kuphela (i-stock wayengekho).

Ecetywayo iinkcukacha T-15

Ngoko ke, into eyahlukileyo T-15? Le inomzimba ukuba hit zonke ubukhulu bayo omkhulukazi. Ubude baso obeziimitha ezili-23 kunye ubunzima iitoni ukuya ku-40. Kwaye phezu ubunzima warhead ngokwalo iitoni ezine. Bonke abanye - ibhetri enkulu, mbeko izibonelelo ukwenzela isantya nama-29 amaqhina. Bekucingelwa ukuba uluhlu ingami ungaba kuze ayi-30. Yintoni i "kuzaliswa" T-15? Inomzimba kakhulu kusenokwenzeka ukuba baqhubeke kwibhodi kuphela warhead yenyukliya.

Le yokugqibela liphuhlisa eyahlukileyo Bureau phantsi kweliso Haritona Yu. B. isingela iza kwenziwa ibe fuze qha nge telemetry. Le ukhetho lokuqala Kucetyiswa abo amatyala, ukuba kwimeko sele isebenza imfazwe yenyukliya, isikhephe ukuba uyibonile utshaba. Kule meko kukho umngcipheko wokuba loo inomzimba T-15 yiSakharov sele ngaphandle ityhubhu inomzimba, kodwa ngwenya ngokwawo ngelo xesha atshitshise. Ukulawula umlilo usebenzisa wadala ngokukodwa le complex "Tantalum".

Xa le mfundiso awavumelani mkhuba

Iimpawu eziphambili zobugcisa ophethe inomzimba ivunywe ngasekupheleni 1953. Ngu Julayi 1954 ukuba lenze idrafti yokuqala ngwenya, kwibhodi apho bekumele ukuba inomzimba zenyukliya T-15. Ekupheleni konyaka kwakukhangeleka ekuqaleni yaye kucetyiswa transmission ngakumbi amaxwebhu yengxoxo. Kuphela ke le projekthi ziye zenza Admiral Kotov, ngelo xesha alimwi Navy USSR. ngoko yaziswa ngethuba ityala kunye nezinye iintloko weenqanawa.

izigqibo ziingcali

Abo bakha ikomiti ingcali leyo okwakufanele ukujongana nokwenzeka ngokubanzi yeprojekthi enjalo. Ngoko nangoko kwacaca ukuba Navy akazange ayithande ubunkokheli kuphela inomzimba eSoviet zenyukliya T-15, kodwa iimpawu lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Siyanda bekufanele ukuba babeke izixhobo ezinjalo. Iingcali kufanele zithi kwiindleko enomjukujelwa enjalo absurdly phezulu, imfuneko yayo rhoqo ukugcina ekulweni intumekelelo, ukuba yenze loo dimensions torpedoes iya kuba nzima kunene.

Ukongeza, i-crew ngwenya phantse ibuye ibe ngokuzibulala: kukuqhushumba isityholo umthamo megatons 100, oko, kunye ngwenya ange nje angaqwengwa, njengoko zinjalo ukusuka kumbindi ekuye kwafuneka ukuba arhoxise ezona kweekhilomitha ezili-100.

Ngenxa yoko, ekugqibeleni siye sagqiba kwelokuba yiSoviet T-15 inomzimba - iprojekthi na imibuzo, yaye ephumelela kakhulu ukudala izixhobo ezinjalo, nenokuthi isetyenziswe ngendlela eqhelekileyo wesizalo inomzimba-533 mm. NgoMatshi 1955, zonke iisaveyi kwaphoswa kuloo ndawo ethile. Awuphathe inomzimba atomic T-15 wahlala kuphela ephepheni.

Oko beza indawo T-15?

Waye indawo inomzimba T-5. Kwakhona enyukliya, kodwa sele ineenkalo eyaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima ababhekisi phambili uku- kakhulu. Umzekelo, ixesha elide nako "nokufundisa" inomzimba akazange nasiphi ubunzulu oyifunayo. Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha kwetyala abazenzayo abane-15 ukuze siqalise fuse lokuvula 'ezabo. "

Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba eqhelekileyo yokusebenza warhead, abangenazigqibo kakhulu ngenxa isixa esikhulu elektroniki ezifunekayo ubushushu apha uluhlu 5-20 degrees Celsius. Ngenxa yokuba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zethu ngokufuthi ngaphaya kweArctic Circle, iimfuno khangela onzima kakhulu.

Ngaphandle koku, ngo-Apreli 1955 kule torpedoes ezintsha uvavanyo warhead eyathatyathiswa woMhlaba Entsha. Siye bavuthela saliphosa elwandle, unzulu malunga 12 eemitha. Ukusebenzisa isigxina okuncitshiswe, amandla ongadluli kilotons ezintathu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba warhead, leyo ifakwe "ayibe" inomzimba T-15, ongakaze kwiimeko yokwenene. Oku kuyaqondakala: amandla "imveliso B", oko kukuthi "gruel", ayidluli megatons 60. Nokuhlolwa ntlawulo kabini lunamandla iinjineli kunye emkhosini nje akabanga nabuganga.

Koko, kwixa elidluleyo kude kangaka, ilizwe lethu liye ukuphuhlisa ngokusekelwe ICBM irula omtsha "Proton", ekufuneka ngaphezu amandla kwaba ... megatons 150. Kodwa le projekthi sele asifikeleli imizobo ngenxa yamandla ayo ekugqibeleni. Kude kube ngoku, akukho namnye unako ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuphika azinakwenziwa chain engalawulekiyo yokusabela yenyukliya xa kuvavanywa isikhali gunya.

iimvavanyo karhulumente

iimvavanyo State of the ezihlangwini T-15 iye yaqaliswa ngo-1957. Ngokutsho inkqubo yabo, kwacetywa nezigaba ezithathu: omnye shot "okusilelayo", kwaye eyesibini - a full-epheleleyo ukulwa inomzimba, kodwa ngaphandle Akunakuba enyukliya, eyesithathu - a ukujongelwa wokwenene T-5 kunye warhead yenyukliya.

Onke amanyathelo zibe yimpumelelo, kodwa wabonisa ezininzi iingxaki, kuquka unxaxho projectile kwikhondo, kwakunye ezinye iingxaki kwiinkqubo zolawulo. Ngaphandle koku, zonke izinto ezimbi ezingabalulekanga, ukwakha torpedoes zenyukliya Ekugqibeleni inkqubo yaphela ngempumelelo.

Ekupheleni kwebali

izixhobo zabo zithathwe ngo-1958. Released uhlelo yabo lunqongophele kwisixeko Alma-Ata. Kodwa sele ngo-1960 lo mdlalo ngokwezigaba ngokupheleleyo. Kwakukho izizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, i "elabalekayo" uphuhliso (iminyaka emihlanu) ayikwazanga kuchaphazela ukusebenza uqhuba ezibe eziphantsi kakhulu kunalawo torpedoes, leyo sele kwinkonzo. Okwesibini, kuba ngowe-1960, abantu baqalisa ukufumana ekhethekileyo serial-533 mm inomzimba, leyo ungasebenzisa i warhead yenyukliya. Kungenxa yale uphuhliso izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kule hlobo yaqaliswa phandle.

Kulo mzekelo, i T-15 inomzimba, iimpawu esiye kuchaziwe, kwakunye T-5, wanika inzululwazi yiSoviet ulwazi oluninzi ezibalulekileyo iye yasetyenziswa rhoqo xa kwakudalwa iimbumbulu okhethekileyo.