Ukutya kunye nokulawula komlambo Lena. Imithombo kunye nohlobo lokutya kweLena River

ULena ungumlambo omkhulu eSiberia. Akuncinci kumgangatho wehlabathi. Kuluhlu lwemilambo ende kunazo zonke zomhlaba wethu, ihlala kwindawo yeshumi. Ubude bukaLena buyiwaka ezine namakhulu mane. I-basin yokubanjwa iindawo ezikulo mhlaba malunga neekhilomitha ezimbini zeekhilomitha ezili-square. Umlambo ozukileyo uhamba phakathi kwintsimi yase-Irkutsk neYakutia.

Indawo yeendawo

Ukufikelela okuphezulu komlambo, kunye nemimandla ebalulekileyo yemigangatho yeendawo ezifanelekileyo, zihlala kwimimandla yeentaba zaseTransbaikalia, kwingingqi yaseBaikal, nakwindawo ye-Aldan. Kwindawo yeCateau yaseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga kubuninzi bebhanki. Icandelo elincinci lidlula ngaphesheya kwe-Central Yakut.

Candelo

Emlanjeni weLena River , amacandelo amathathu aphezulu ayahlukana. Oyokuqala ngowona ophezulu. Ihamba ukusuka kumthombo ukuya endaweni apho iphuma khona kwiMlambo iVitim. Icandelo eliphakathi liphela apho uLela ehlangana khona nomlambo. Aldan. Kwesithathu, kwicandelo elincinane, umlambo uthwala amanzi ayo emlonyeni.

Kwiindawo eziphezulu, ulawulo lukaLena luxhala kwaye lukhawuleza. Kulo mmandla kukho yonke imiqondiso ephawulekayo imilambo yeentaba. Inkambo yamanzi ikhawuleza, kwaye umlambo uhamba ngokukhawuleza. Iindawo ezininzi zinemiphephelo. Ngelo xesha, iibhanki zithela kwaye ziphakamileyo. Kwangoku iphezulu, umlambo wamanzi uhlaza kunye nemibhobho, ngokukhawuleza uhambela ngasentla.

Ulawulo lomlambo onqwenela nolunamandla luguquka ngendlela eya eKirensk. Lapha uLeela ufumana amanzi e-r. UKirengi kunye nento encinci. Isiteshi sawo siba sikhulu kwaye sinzulu (kwezinye iindawo le xabiso lilingana neemitha ezili-10). Iibhanki eziLwandle zihamba. Amatye athatyathwa yimisedare enamandla kunye nepine, ipruce kunye ne-fir. ULarch ukhula apha naye.

Umlambo ufumana amandla angakumbi emva kokuba ugeleza ku-Olekma - i-rightbutty right. Ukuqhubela phambili ku-Aldan Lena uphuma nge-Pllensky plateau. Apha iibhanki zayo zinqabileyo kwaye zinqabileyo.

Umyinge wamanje ufikelela ekupheleni emva kokuba uLeela ahlangane nomntu onelungelo lokuzikhethela - uAldan. Kule ndawo umlambo omkhulu waseSiberia udala izithuthi ezininzi kunye neziqithi ezincinci.

Kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomlambo, uLena usasazeka kuzo zonke ububanzi bawo. Kule ndawo kubonisa onke amandla kunye nobukhulu bomlambo waseSiberia, ongenakukwazi ukumbonga kwaye ujabule.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla

Amaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu emigubho yayo yaminyaka yonke ifunyenwe ngumlambo ngokuqhaqhazela kwekhava, kunye neempompo ngendlela yemvula. Imithombo eyongezelelweyo yokutya yeLena River ngamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Ukusuka kubo, ifumana enye kwipesenti ezimbini kwi-runoff yayo. Ngaloo ndlela, uhlobo lobonelelo lweLena River luxutywe. Kodwa kungekhona nje imithombo echazweyo yandisa ukwanda kobuhle beSiberia.

Imithombo yamandla kaMlambo iLena River nazo zonke izixhobo zayo. Olu luhlu luquka uAldan kunye neChaya, iVinin ne-Olekma, iKuta kunye neViluy, iKirenga kunye neMlodo, iChuya kunye neTuolba, i-Buotama neSinyaya. Iintlobo zentlupheko zinobungakanani obuhlukeneyo. Inkulu kunazo zonke imilambo yeVitim neAldan.

Ukunikezelwa kwezinto zokubambisa ngokubanzi kubandakanywa ngamanzi ngenxa yokuchithwa kwekhephu, kunye nemvula. Okunye ukugeleza kokugeleza kwenzeka nakwindawo ephantsi komhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo wayo uncinci kakhulu, kuba kwintsimi ehambayo yomlambo kukho indawo ye-permafrost. Imida yodwa yile mimandla apho kuvela khona imithombo yendalo.

Ngaloo ndlela, uhlobo lobonelelo lweLena River kunye neentlawulo zalo zifana. Kule meko, ibhekisela kwifom edibeneyo.

Ukutya kunye nombuso weLena River zihambelana kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, baxhomekeke kuburhulumente jikelele. Umlomo weLena ubonakaliswe zizikhukhula ezininzi zentwasahlobo. Umlambo uphinde uthele ehlobo. Ngeli xesha kukho amaxesha amaninzi kukho izikhukula eziphezulu. Kodwa amanzi aphantsi ekwindla-ebusika emlonyeni aphantsi.

Ukutya kunye negunya loMlambo iLena River litshintsha kakhulu entwasahlobo. Ngeli thuba kunamandla okuqhoqhozela kweqhwa kunye neqhwa leqhwa. Ngethuba lomkhukula, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwindawo yokuthutha kungaba ngaphezu kwama-250,000 cubic metres ngesibini.

Umxholo wamanzi

Urhulumente wamanzi weLena River ubonakaliswa ngumkhukula ophezulu. Ngethuba lentsasa, utshintsho kumanqanaba omgangatho wamanzi kuthatha isilinganiso seshumi ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu. Kwinqanaba elifikelela ngaphantsi kweli xabiso lifikelela kumitha elishumi elinesibhozo. Urhulumente weLena River ehlobo lixhomekeke kwisixa semvula. Ngelo xesha, imvula yemvula ibonwa ngamanye amaxesha. Umncinci omncinci uphawuleza ubusika.

Ngokomxholo wenkcazelo yamanzi phakathi kwemifula yaseRussia, uLela usekwindawo yesibini. Ngokomlinganiselo wokuhamba kwawo, ngowesibili kuphela kwi-Yenisei.

Urhulumente weLena River ubonakaliswe ngumyinge wonyaka wokukhutshwa kwintlanzi, elilingana ne-seventeen thousand cubic meters. Inani eliphezulu liyi-200,000, kwaye inani elincinci lingama-366.

Uhlobo lwamanzi urhulumente weLena River lugcinwe kuwo wonke umda. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, amazinga okukhutshwa kwamanzi anentsingiselo eyahlukileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko, ngaphezu komlanjeni woMlambo waseKirenga , umyinge wamanzi wamanzi okhuphayo unyaka wama-480 cubic metres ngesibini. Kwi-confluence yeLena River. I-Vitim inexabiso le-1700. Emlonyeni ka-Olekma, uAldan kunye neVilyui, ngokulandelanayo, i-4500, 6800 kunye ne-12100 cubic metres ngesibini. Kodwa eLwandle lwaseLaptev, apho uLela ephethe amanzi akhe, umkhosi waminyaka yonke ungamakhulu amahlanu nangama-cubic kilomita.

Ukumiswa

Ngaphandle kwamanzi eMlambo iLena River, iitoni ezingama-40 yezigidi zezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichithwayo ziwela kwiLwandle laseLaptev minyaka yonke. Iipasiti ezixhaswe nazo ziqhutyelwa. Ngethuba lonyaka, malunga neetoni ezilishumi elinambini ezilwandle ziwela elwandle. Ukuxhamla kwamanzi kuluhlu lwamanqanaba ama-50-60 kumitha nganye yeekerubhi. Kodwa isalathisi se-mineralizing is 80-100 milligrams ngeyure.

Ledostav

Kwixesha elibandayo lonyaka, umgangatho wamanzi uyawa, kwaye urhulumente weLena River uguquka ngokukhawuleza. Ngeli thuba, umgangatho wayo uchithwe. Umlambo ukhululekile uhambisa amanzi awo ezintlanu ukuya ezintandathu kwinyanga phakathi nonyaka emzantsi kunye neenyanga ezine ukuya ezintlanu ngasenyakatho. Kwii-tributaries zeLena ice sheet efakwe kancinci ngaphambili. Umlambo ngokwawo unqabile iintsuku ezilishumi emva koko.

I-Ledostav kwindawo ephezulu ifakwe ekupheleni kwe-Oktobha. Ngaphantsi kwinyanga ngaphambili. Ukuvulwa kweqhwa kunokulibaziseka kwinqanaba elingaphezulu ukuya kuMeyi, kwaye kwinqanaba elingaphantsi - de kube sekuqaleni kukaJuni.

Urhulumente weLena River uguqulwa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lohlobo lwe-ice drift. Ngeli thuba, kubakho ukudibanisa, okuphakamisa kakhulu umgangatho wamanzi.

Imodi yelanga

Iimpawu zokufudumala kwamanzi kunye nobude obubanzi beLena River zibahluko obalulekileyo. Umyinge weenyanga ufikelele phezulu kunye ophakathi ungaphezulu kwama-9. Kodwa kwixesha elibandayo (ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya ku-Ephreli), ukushisa kwamanzi kumlinganiselo we-zero.

Ngokumalunga nekhosi ephantsi yomlambo, apha ixabiso leemitha zenyanga ziyancipha. Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, azidluli iidridi ezilishumi elinesixhenxe. Ngokugqithiseleyo ixesha elide linomlinganiselo we-zero. Iqala ngo-Oktobha kwaye iphelile ngoMeyi.

Ulawulo lokushisa lweLena River engxenyeni ephezulu yecala layo lincinci. Kule nxu lumene, ixesha elide kakhulu le-ice cover liyabonwa kule ndawo.

Umkhukula onyakeni weLena River uhlala kwisilinganiso semini engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Kwaye kwinqanaba eliphezulu lifikelela eli xesha lincinci. Leentsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe. Kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomlambo, izikhukhula zentwasahlobo zingapheli iintsuku ezingamashumi amane nane.

Iingxaki zendalo

Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kwimozulu, eye yabonwa kwiplanethi yethu kwiminyaka yamuva, inefuthe elibi kumlambo. Kwintsimi apho ihamba khona, kwiminyaka emashumi mane edlulileyo kukho ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa lomoya ngonyaka. Kule nkalo, izikhukhula zentwasahlobo ziba namandla ngakumbi. Oku kubhubhisa iibhanki zomlambo. Ukongezelela, iziqithi zihamba ngomlambo. Ngonyaka ka-2009, isantya sokuzala kwawo sasisigxina, esiba ngamamitha angamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ngonyaka.

Ukusetyenziswa koqoqosho

ULena ungomnye wemilambo ecocekileyo kwiplanethi yethu. Ukongezelela, umbhede wakhe awuzange utshintshwe ngumntu. KuLela, okwangoku, akakhiwa namadamesi, izitishi zombane zamanzi kunye nezinye izakhiwo zamanzi. Kwiindawo ezikude kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, amanzi ahlambulukile kangangokuthi unokunxila ngqo kumlambo.

Njengoko uyakubona, uhlobo oluthile lwezi ndawo lugcinwe ngokuqinisekileyo. Oku kubangelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho kweLena River akubi kakhulu. Le nto ichaphazelekayo ngokungabikho kwenani elikhulu leendawo zokuhlala, kunye neendawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zee-hydrostructural. Nangona kunjalo, uLela ukhonza njengomthambo ohamba phambili kwiindawo zaseYakutia. I-navigable ukusuka ku-Kachuga ukuya kumlomo wayo. Umbhedi womlambo u-Ust-Kut ungasetyenziselwa kuphela iinqanawa ezinomqulu omncinci. Ixesha lokuhamba lihlala malunga neentsuku ezilikhulu elinamanci mathandathu kwiindawo eziphezulu zomlambo, kwaye ekufikeleleni kwayo kwezantsi-ikhulu elinamanci mabini. Iiperta eziphambili ziyiYakutsk neZhigansk, iVitim neLenek, iBudun neKirensk, iKachug kunye neZhigalovo, i-Olekminsk ne-Osetrovo. Amanye amaLena athoba nawo ahamba ngomkhumbi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona iVitim ne-Olekma, iKirenga kunye neViluy, kunye ne-Aldan.

Kwisitya seLena River , amaminerali aphantsi komhlaba. Iindawo ezithwala igolide kunye nedayimenti efunyenweyo zifumaneka kule ntsimi. I-basin yeLena icebile kwityuwa yeritye kunye ne-iron ore, i-mica kunye negesi yendalo. Ukuloba kuphuhliswa kwiindawo eziphantsi zomlambo. Nazi i-burbot ne-omul, i-verike yase-Siberia kunye ne-muxun.