Imigaqo yendalo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo: ukuvela kwendlela kunye nobubanzi besicelo

Umbono oqhelekileyo wemvelaphi yemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ithathwa njengengcamango kaCharles Darwin, eyayenza ngokubhekisele kwimvelo, kodwa ayizange icacise ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwindoda noluntu. Inyaniso kukuba nangaphambi kokuba imigaqo yendalo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ibonakale kwimfundiso yeentlobo zikaDarwin, uHerbert Spencer, kwinqaku ethi "I-Hypothesis yeNtuthuko," yacebisa indlela yakhe yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, apho imigaqo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yenziwa njengendlela esetyenziswa ngayo kuluntu .

U-Spencer wasekela ingcamango kaDarwin yokukhethwa kwemvelo njengenye yezinto zokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kwaye isetyenziswe kumntu, yatshintshela eli thuba kwingcamango "yokusinda kwezona zinto zininzi"). Ngokutsho kweSpencer, yonke into esemhlabeni inemvelaphi efanayo, kodwa ke, kwinkqubo yophuhliso, kukho ukwahlukana kwezinto. Isizathu sokuba olo tshintsho lubonakale, ngokombono wakhe, ukufa, inqanaba elithile lokuzilungelelanisa kumgangatho ojikelezayo, umlinganiselo wezinto zangaphandle. Emva kwayo yonke inguqu enjalo kwihlabathi, iqumrhu elinqunyiwe lisekwa, esiyibona njengemifanekiso yehlabathi. Loo mfanekiso awuzinzile kwimvelo, ubukho bawo bubonisa indlela eya kumjikelezo omtsha "wokuyalela" kwaye ngoko yonke inkqubo izuza umlinganiso we-cyclic infinity.

Ezi zigqibo zikhokelela ekubunjweni kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ebudeni bexesha lethu ifumene uninzi lweentlobo kunye nokutolika (synergetics, theory of chaos-order, imfundiso yeV VIadsky ye-noosphere, kunye neengcamango zokungabikho kwemithombo ye-thermodynamics ye-I. Prigogine).

Imigaqo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, imvelaphi esiyifumana kwimfundiso kaG. Spencer, yenziwe ngendlela elula kakhulu: zonke izinto kwindalo yonke ayikwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuguquguquka, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi inxalenye yale nto ibonwa ngayo.

Ubungqina beG. Spencer kukuba wazisa ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngaphaya kwemiqathango yendalo yezinto eziphilayo kunye nokubonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwezinye iindawo zendalo yonke, ngokukodwa, waqinisekisa indlela imigaqo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ibonakalisa ngayo ngokweenzululwazi (imfundiso yendalo).

Imigaqo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngaphandle kwe-biology kunye nezenhlalakahle yamukelwa kuqala ngabameli bezesayensi yomzimba (ingcamango yemvelaphi yendalo yonke ngenxa ye "big bang", imfundiso yendalo yonke, njl.). Ukungena kweminye imigaqo kwisayensi kukhokelela ekuveleni kwezinto ezizimeleyo zesayensi-synergetics, apho imigaqo-nkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ifunyenwe kwisimo sezenzululwazi.

Imiqathango jikelele (imigaqo) yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yile:

• Ukuqaphela ukuba zonke iinkqubo ezakhayo nezonakalisayo kwindalo yonke zilingana kwaye zilingana;
• Ukuqatshelwa kwehlabathi jikelele lwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokuyalela kuzo zonke iinkqubo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziphi na iimpawu kunye nempawu zendalo kunye nophuhliso.

Isetyenziswe kuluntu, oku kuthetha ukuba iingqiqo kunye noluntu luyakhula ngokwalo mithetho. Yingakho omnye umbuzo uphendululwa kwisakhelo sale ngcamango: njani ukutshintshwa kwimeko engasululwanga (yoluntu) kuluntu olulawulwayo? Impendulo kwakhona kwakhona kwisakhelo sengcamango yokuguquguquka kwehlabathi-kukuphuhliswa kwezicwangciso zophuhliso oluzinzileyo (entropy yentlalo). Umgaqo kunye nemeko yenguqu yenguqu yukuthi uluntu kufuneka lulawule utshintsho olungekelwe kuphela kwimilinganiselo "yokubonakalisa", kodwa ngenxa yemigangatho yokulingana komhlaba (ukulondolozwa kwemeko, uxolo, iimeko zokuphila, njl.). Le meko, ngokuqinisekileyo ibangela umbuzo wengqondo nengqiqo, indlela ekulungele ukungayithobeli kuphela le mqathango, kodwa ukuphumeza le nguqulelo.

Ngaloo ndlela, imbono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo isombulula umsebenzi ophuthumayo wexesha lethu kwaye uzama ukufumana ithuluzi jikelele-umgaqo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, apho i-system yangoku, engekho-equilibri yenkqubo yentlalo ishintshile, ibe yindlela ephezulu yokulungelelanisa.