Biography kunye nomsebenzi kaMarx. Ifilosofi uKarl Marx: inyaniso enomdla ebomini

Imisebenzi kaMarx, umculi wezepolitiki owaziwayo waseJalimane, uhlala eyaziwayo namhlanje, nangona le ndoda yayiphila ngo-1818 ukuya ku-1883. Kanye neF Engels, wabeka iziseko zeMarxism.

Inyaniso enomdla ebomini

Imisebenzi kaKarl Marx inomdla wokubaluleka komntu wonke emhlabeni kulo mntu. Iinkcukacha ezimbalwa ezinika umdla ngombhali:

• Wazalelwa kwintsapho yommeli, umYuda ngokuzalwa.
• Ubhaptizo lwenkwenkwezi lwenzeka kwiCawa leVangeli. Ngaloo utata wayenxininisa, oko kuye kuthetha ukuyeka ukholo lweentsapho.
• Ekuqaleni intsapho yayinezingane ezisixhenxe, kodwa ezine zazo zafa ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngabantu abadala. Abanye bobabini, ngaphandle kwefilosofi, babeke izandla zabo, ukuze abe yindlalifa kuphela.

• Ngethuba lomsebenzi wenguqu wayebhekisiwe "ngumntu onqwenelekayo" eBelgium, eFransi naseJamani.
• Iminyaka engama-34 yokugqibela yobomi bakhe idlule eLondon.
• Ngokuqwalasela ilitye lakhe, umntu unokubona ukubizwa ngokubambisana kwabafundi kumazwe onke.
• U-Karl Marx, onobomi bakhe kunye neencwadi ziyakunomdla kubantu abaninzi, uyingqayizivele nangona ukuba izinto ezili-1,343,000 kuphela kwiidolophu ezihlukahlukeneyo zithiwa ngozuko lwakhe ngo-2013 kuphela.
• Nangona nguye owanikezela ukuphuhliswa kobukhomanisi, umbhali ngokwakhe akazange eze eRussia.
• Umsebenzi wakhe oyintloko wawuyi "Capital".
• Ubomi bukaKarl Marx buphela ngoMeyi 14, 1883. Wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni kaHaygetsky.

Ukuya kumsebenzi wefilosofi, abantu bazimisele ukufunda i-biographie ngokubanzi.

I-Biography yeminyaka eselula

Wazalelwa ngo-05.05.1818 kwisixeko saseJamani sase-Trier. Abazali, uBawo G. Marx nonina uG G Presburg, bevela kwiintsapho zababhali. Ngo-1824, bajoyina iLuthere. Utata wombhali wayenemfundo efanelekileyo. Umbono wakhe wawubhalwe ngokukodwa ngengcamango ye-Kant kunye neengcamango ezavela kwi-Age of Light.

Ngo-1835, uCharles wangena kwi-Faculty of Law yaseYunivesithi yaseBonn, waza wabuyela eBerlin. Kwiminyaka yokufunda, le ntombazana yayithanda imbali kunye nemigqaliselo eyaphambili nguFichte. Wathandwa yinkqubo eyenziwe nguHegel.

Ifilosofi inomsindo kunye neengcamango ezibekwa nguFeererbach, A. Smith, D. Ricardo, uSimon-Simon, Fourier, Owen, Weitling, uDez noCabet.

Uqeqesho lwagqitywa ngowe-1841. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1842, wathola ubugcisa bakhe emva kwengqungquthela, enenjongo yokuthelekisa nokugxeka ifilosofi yemvelo ye-Epicurus kunye neDemocritus.

Indlela yokuphila kunye nomsebenzi wezopolitiki

Ngo-1843 umtshato kaMarx noJenny von Westphalen wenzeka , intombi yomhlobo osondeleyo wosapho lwabo.

Emva koko, wasebenza kwipapasho ethi "I-Rhine Newspaper" njengomhleli. Ngowe-1843, ndafudukela kwintsimi yaseParis, ndaqalisa ukuqhelana nama-democrats kunye neentlalo zentlalo. Ngaloo ndlela wadibana no-Engels. Ukususela ngo-1845 wayehlala eBrussels. Ngomnyaka we-1847 wayeyilungu lemfihlo "Union of the Just." Kwaye kwanyatheliswa umsebenzi kaMarx no-Engels, iManfesto yeQumrhu lamaKomanisi. Yenziwe njengelungu le "Union of Communists" ngexesha elivela ku-1848 ukuya ku-1849. Emva koko ifilosofi yabuyela eParis. Ngo-1849, ukuhamba kwakhe kokugqibela eLondon kwenzeka.

Kwiminyaka yama-50 waqala ukuhlakulela yakhe imbono yezoqoqosho. Ifilosofi yayivame ukuhlala kwindawo yamathala eencwadi yaseBrithani, apho waqokelela ulwazi ngomsebenzi wakhe.

Umhlobo

Ubuhlobo no-Engels, obuqala ngo-1844, buhlala iminyaka engamashumi amane. UMarx wayephethe indawo ehamba phambili kule ngqungquthela. Nguye owayeqwalasela imbali kwimbono yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, wavelisa imfundiso yexabiso elongeziweyo. Nangona kunjalo, umhlobo wakhe waba ngubuchule obuphezulu kwizorhwebo.

Njengomhlobo, wayesekela lakhe iqabane ngendlela yokudala nokuziphatha. Inokwenzeka ukuba, ukuba kwakungekho le manyano yabantu abanjengengqondo, imisebenzi eyayibonakala ngelo xesha ayinakufumana ukuthandwa okunjalo. Bonke bahamba nge-revolution baze bafudukela eNgilani emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwawo.

Iimbono eziphambili

I-Companion Engels ixhasayo ngemali yakhe, ngoko ke imisebenzi kaMarx yaqhubeka ishicilelwa. Ngowe-1864, waququzelela i- First International. Ngo-1876 kwapapashwa umqulu wokuqala we "Capital". Ukuqhubekeka kwanyatheliswa kakade ngu-Engels.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, ifilosofi ethatha inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni umsebenzi ohlanganyelweyo weeproletari. - 40. - ixesha apho i-biography kaKarl Marx kunye nomsebenzi waguquka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokutshintsha kwakhe kwimbono yentando yesininzi kunye neenguqu kwi-communism. Ingcamango yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo kwimbali yaphuhliswa.

Imisebenzi kaMarx inokugxininisa kwiindleko ezongeziweyo. Umbhali ufunde indlela yokwakhiwa kweengxowa-mali, wenza inkolelo malunga nokuguqulwa okungenakukuphelelwa kwindlela yokwakhiwa komnumzana kwenkqubo yokusebenza yoluntu kwaye yaqinisekisa ingcamango yakhe. Into ebalulekileyo eyakhuthaza le nto yayiyi-revolution yabasebenzi. Ekupheleni kwei-XIX ne-XX zeenkulungwane. Imisebenzi ephambili kaMarx inefuthe elikhulu ekuphuhliseni uluntu kunye nengcinga zabantu.

Imisebenzi

Ininzi ngokupheleleyo ngombono wefilosofi ngoqoqosho luya kugwetywa ngokufunda iManuscripts yezoQoqosho kunye neClosophical ebhalwe ngo-1844. Ngexesha elifanayo, wahlaziya umbono kaHegel ngomyalelo wezomthetho kweli lizwe. Ngomnyaka we-1845, iNtsapho Eyingcwele yabonakala, kwaye unyaka kamva i-Ideology yaseJamani, ibhaliwe yiNgels.

Ngo-1847, ifilosofi yabhala "Intlupheko yefilosofi." Wafunda kwakhona iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomzabalazo weklasi waseFransi ngexesha le-1848-1850, iMfazwe yombango, wagxeka inkqubo ye-Gotha.

Ubomi bomsebenzi kaKarl Marx obuninzi lwazinikezelwa kwezoqoqosho lwezopolitiko. Kule ndawo, wakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye axhumane neengcamango zakhe kubafundi.

Kwi "Capital" ingalandelwa isakhiwo esicacileyo nesicacileyo. Ifilosofi yahlaziya iingcamango zika-Hegel zezinto eziphambili kwaye wazibonisa kwifom echanekileyo kunye neenkcukacha. Ichaza ukuba yiyiphi inkulu, indlela evezwa ngayo kwingcinga yesayensi kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Umfundi ufumana ulwazi malunga nendlela yakhe yokuvelisa ngayo. Ii-Engels kumqulu wesibini wongezelela umsebenzi kunye nedatha malunga nendlela yokuyicebisa ngayo, kwaye okwesithathu wongezelela inkcazo yeefom zokudibanisa ukuhanjiswa kwemali kunye nendalo.

Isiphumo somsebenzi wezabasebenzi

Imisebenzi kaMarx yanyusa abantu ukuba bathathe utshintsho oluqinileyo. NgoSeptemba 1864 waququzelela i-International First, injongo yalo yayikuhlanganisana nabasebenzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

"Kwinqanaba" lakhe lichaze ngolwimi olufikelelekayo ukuba uphuhliso lwentando-mali luye lwaphuhliswa kwaye zeziphi izinto ezibangele kuyo. "Ukugxekwa kweNkqubo ye-Gotha" (1875) bekujoliswe ekuhlaziyeni iimpazamo ezenziwe yi nkokheli zeDemocratic and Democrats. Ifilosofi ibonakalise izigaba ezibini ze-communism.

Xa ngo-1876 i-International First yachithwa, umsebenzi omtsha wabonakala phambi komcangali - ukudala amaqela aseproletari kumazwe ehlabathi. Ezi ngcamango zamkelwa ngu-V. Lenin. Wazikhulisa kwiimeko zexesha elizayo.

Ilifa

Xa kudlula ixesha emva kokufa kukaMarx, ezininzi iimvo zakhe zaqinisekiswa ngokusebenza. Kwakhona kwakukho ezo zibikezelo ezingazange zithethelele. Kukho iingcamango ezazingenangqiqo.

Njengoko ifilosofi ithathwa, imveliso yezoshishino ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nesayensi. Kuye kwanda ukwanda komsebenzi wezoqoqosho, umhlaba-mali usuke waba ngamazwe ngamazwe, phantse onke amazwe ekhoyo kwiimarike ngamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona uMarx wayekholelwa ukuba iinguqulelo zaziza kwenzeka kwiindawo eziphambili zeemarike zehlabathi, kwenzeke eRashiya, okwakunjalo ngexesha elidala. Ngexesha leengxabano kunye nezenzo zempi zangekhulu lama-20, iinguqu eziye zatsholwa kwimisebenzi yefilosofi zavela, kodwa ezininzi kwiimbono zakhe wayezilungele.