Ukukhetha Natural ngokwe Darwin

Ukukhetha Natural - yengundoqo amandla yokuqhuba emva ngendaleko zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ubukho lo mba wafumana abaphandi eziliqela British: Blythe, uMateyu Wallace, uWells, Darwin. Noko ke, kuphela yokugqibela, ubonisa ukubaluleka kwalo mmangaliso, wadala imfundiso ngokukhethwa zendalo. Ngokutsho ngoluvo zikaDarwin, kusinda eziphilayo ezinamandla, ngenxa ngokusekelwe Ukwahluka yemfuza yokungaqiniseki isizukulwana kwaye kukho yokuzivelela.

Ukukhetha Natural yi ukugcinwa umahluko ngamnye elilungileyo kunye notshintsho ngasemva bambulale yingozi. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho imbono zikaDarwin, eliyinhloko uqhuba amandla yokuzivelela igalelo ekuphuculeni ngalinye komgquba kwiimeko zentlalo yayo.

Njengoko into ingqondo, ukhetho yendalo benawo ezineempawu ezithile. Ezona ziphambili zezi: okulungisekayo yokwalathisa, Ukuqokelela ukudibanisa neziphumo, probabilistic.

Uhlobo probabilistic wamacala amabini ixhomekeke inkqubo yokhetho: i randomness kunye stochasticity.

ingqiqo oluninzi (randomness) isetyenziselwa iimpawu ngesakhiwo leyo sakhiwa ezininzi yeekhomponenti esizimeleyo ngasinye omnye komnye. Ngokwemiqathango zasendle kule nkqubo ziquka labemi. Le nto ndiyibhalayo engalinganiyo ukomelela kwe ngabanye.

Ingqiqo "stochastic" lisetyenziswa ukuchaza izenzakalo usebenzisa mbono lilonke.

Ukukhetha Natural lubandakanya kokubini ukusinda nokukotshwa ngabanye. Ngamanye amazwi, umntu iqhelene ngakumbi ukusinda nokukotshwa, isiphathele ithuba elikhulu ukushiya abantwana. Kulo mzekelo, uhlobo probabilistic esizibonakalisa sotyekelo ukwahlula amalungu bhetyebhetye ngakumbi eli qela, kodwa ukuba umntu, kwaguqulwa bhetele kunabanye.

Ukukhetha Natural luphawulwa baziqwebele inyathelo. It iqulathe kwi ukongeza yokupasa utshintsho ezincinane luncedo yemfuza. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuculweni iimpawu okanye ukuvela izixhobo ezitsha.

Izazinzulu ziye luzama ukuseka uhlelo ukuqhuba izinto zazivelela. Noko ke, kude kube ngoku nkqubo nangoku uyaphuhliswa. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba ukukhethwa zendalo kunye nemilo yayo kunzima kakhulu ukuba zidibene kwisakhiwo ecacileyo. Oku, kungenxa nokungakwazi ukufumanisa uhlelo ngentonga elinye.

Isisombululo enengqondo kakhulu le ngxaki, njengoko izazinzulu, kukuba ukwahlula iimpawu yempembelelo kunye nohlobo ukhetho.

Ngoko ke, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili causative factor zazivelela ekuzinziseni uqhuba.

Ukukhetha Dynamic uba amandla yoyilo. indlela yalo isekelwe ukugcinwa ezinxaxhileyo luncedo kwi-avareji nesithethe athe apha naphaya ukulungiselela iimeko ezintsha zokusingqongileyo, ngenxa nemigangatho ukukhutshwa abameli yokugqibela.

Ukukhetha Dynamic ke amaqhina oqhagamshelwano kunye somfanekiso. Kulo mzekelo, la magama ezimbini ubuso ezimbini inkqubo efanayo.

Uzinzo isici ekulondolozweni imilinganiselo kwiimeko ezithile ekupheliseni ezinxaxhileyo.

Kakade ke, ukukhetha yendalo yeyona ibalulekileyo, Noko ke, asiyiyo loo nto yendaleko kuphela. Utshintsho kwi gene pool kwamanani kunye nokwazisa zofuzo. Noko ke, zinqabile kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko musani bunegalelo elikhulu kakhulu zazivelela.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwahlula phakathi kwemvelo kanye zokuzala. La mabini kunye nabanye abakwazi ayifani. Iinjongo Okokuqala "vybrakovyvanii" iinketho ezingentle hexa, kwakunye nefuthe uhlobo inkqubo zazivelela.