Iintsomi mandulo waseRoma. Iinkolelo waseRoma Ancient for kids

Kwi neentsomi nenkolo amaRoma nolwaluphenjelelwe ngamandla izizwe ezingabamelwane - i Etruscans kwanamaGrike. Kodwa le ntsomi efanayo kunye neentsomi baseRoma yamandulo babe yesazisi zabo.

Ukuvela kwiintsomi yamaRoma

Umhla unqulo eRoma yamandulo kunzima ukuyiqonda. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ekupheleni II - I ekuqaleni nkulungwane BC. e. yokufuduka AmaTaliyane senzeka (ebizwa ngokuba nezizwe omiweyo usingasiqithi phambi lokusekwa yombuso waseRoma kuyo), apho kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi bahlala Italy uze yayingeyonxalenye ngamaRoma. Babenayo nesiko labo kunye nonqulo.

Ngo-753 BC, ngokutsho legend, eRoma yasekwa. Nge VIII VI cc. BC. e. Sagcina ixesha yasebukhosini xa iziseko babekwa ubomi zikarhulumente kunye zonqulo bukhosi. Koothixo esemthethweni yoothixo kunye neentsomi baseRoma yamandulo zaphuhliswa ngeenxa eli xesha. Nangona kufanele kuqatshelwe nangoko ukuba amaRoma imimandla ezintsha, bona lula ifakiwe kwiintsomi lwabo unqulo oothixo basemzini njengamagorha, ngoko ke uluhlu woothixo kunye namabali zisoloko kwakhona.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo yamandulo inkolo yamaRoma

Njengoko eGrisi, kwakungekho imfundiso ngokungqongqo mbutho. Koothixo kunye neentsomi baseRoma yamandulo ngenxenye abolekwe kumazwe asebumelwaneni. Ngokungafaniyo inkolo yamaRoma ukusuka isiGrike enye, oko akubalulekanga.

Ukuba isithixo Greek - isikakhulu ubuntu kunye, imikhwa yabo kakhulu yabantu umlinganiswa, amaRoma andizange ndiyicinge oothixo njengezidalwa anthropomorphic. Ekuqaleni ukuyilwa yonqulo lwabo, ababanga nako nokuba igama bangoobani ngesondo. I bezizwe yonk 'imikhosi kaThixo njengentsapho omkhulu, nto leyo rhoqo kwenzeka phakathi kwezalamane enyundululu kunye ukungavisisani zenzeka. Kuba amaGrike, oothixo - umntu sanikwa amagunya kwemvelo kwaye iimpawu ezifanelekileyo. Ngoko wadala ngeenxa zonke kubo aura le ntsomi.

Isimo koothixo amaRoma lwahlukile. Uxolo umbono wabo, kwakuhlala nobutshaba okanye ababaxhasayo abantu ehlabathini. Yokuba yonke kwaye rhoqo kuhamba mntu. Le ntsomi baseRoma yamandulo bathi ekuhlumiseni inkwenkwe okanye intombazana ingaphantsi nokukhuselwa inani elikhulu labantu kaThixo. Kwathi, ekufikeni kwakhe kaThixo, amanyathelo okuqala, ithemba, engqondweni, kunye nabanye. Njengoko bekhula umntu omnye ngasekhohlo isithixo, ngoxa abanye, phezu koko, wamthabatha phantsi iphiko yakhe - oothixo emithandathu sitshatile, amathamsanqa kunye nezempilo, ubutyebi. Le aqhawukayo, ehamba phezu uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela njengokuba izidalwa ephakamileyo ukusukela ekuzalweni: ukubandezana ukukhanya ezophayo umphefumlo, sithwele ukufa.

Enye inkalo olwahlula unqulo yamaRoma - nolwalamano lwayo kunye norhulumente. Ekuqaleni, bonke izithethe zonqulo ezinxulumene nobomi usapho, wenza intloko yakhe - uyise. Kamva, abaninzi usapho kunye nomthendeleko izinyanya yaduma kazwelonke waba iziganeko esemthethweni.

Ezahlukeneyo kunye nendawo zababingeleli. Ukuba e Greece yamandulo, ukuba abelwe iqela elahlukileyo labemi, amaRoma beningabakhonzi bakarhulumente. Kukho iikholeji zobubingeleli eziliqela: vestals, le pontiffs kunye kubonisa.

Unqulo kwaye ziintsomi zamandulo neRoma ezahlukeneyo. Isiseko - usekhaya isithixo wamaRoma. Xa yonk boothixo waboleka oonobumba ukusuka unqulo lwamaGrike kwaye Etruscan nesigama ezenziwe abakho kakhulu kamva. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, Fortuna - ulonwabo.

Kela zoothixo baseRoma

AmaRoma ekuqaleni yaba kuchaphazela ngakumbi koothixo. Zange ezinxulumene ulwalamano lwentsapho, njengoko oothixo Greek ukuba akunjalo, eyakhiwa iintsomi. Abahlali baseRoma ixesha elide wala ukunika oothixo bazo iimpawu kunye nenkangeleko. Inxalenye amabali ngazo ekugqibeleni belibolekiwe yi ngamaGrike.

iintsomi eRoma bamandulo bathi uluhlu koothixo bamaRoma ebanzi kakhulu. Ezi ziquka YomonakaloName, time, cupid, likaSaturn, Uranus, Ocean kunye nezinye oothixo, nabantwana babo - Titans.

Le kwesesithathu nakwesesine isizukulwana abo ezingundoqo kubo bonke oothixo koothixo abamelwe yi-12. Bona elungelelaniswe kunye Olympians in Greek. Jupiter (Zeus) - isimntwiso iindudumo nemibane, Juno (zekhompyutha) - umfazi wakhe patroness ngomtshato kunye nosapho, Ceres (Demeter) - uthixokazi wenzala. UMinerva and Juno ziye abolekwe unqulo Etruscan.

Kubo bonke oothixo baseRoma, nezidalwa ezenziwe zibandakanya abe ngoothixo:

Victoria - Victory;

Isiphelo - Kwangaphambili;

Libertas - Freedom;

Psyche - umphefumlo;

Mania - impambano;

Fortuna - Fortune;

Juventas - Youth.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuba namaRoma oothixo zolimo kunye zezizwe.

Isiphumo kwiintsomi zamaGrike

Le ntsomi of Greece yamandulo neRoma, ziyafana kakhulu, kangangokuba koothixo amaRoma kuba bafunda kummelwane wayo ekufutshane nawe. Inkqubo zokuboleka Iintsomi zamaGrike iqala ngo-VI emva kwexesha - V iminyaka yokuqala. Completely engalunganga ngumboniso izithixo 12 ezinkulu Olympian bathathwa eRoma yaye amagama amatsha. Jupiter, Vulcan, UVesta, Mars, esinguSaturn - oyinzalelwane isithixo ongumRoma, ngamazinga kunye kamva Greek. Oothixo yokuqala abolekwe amaGrike, waba Apollo yayinguDionysus. Ukongeza, amaRoma kufakwe ababenqulwa apho uMofokeng mes, kwakunye oothixo bamaGrike kunye Titans yenzala yokuqala neyesibini.

NamaRoma oothixo abaninzi, leyo yahlulwe ezindala kunye ezintsha. Kamva ke, wadala yonk 'into yaso yoothixo ezinkulu, ngokusekelwe kwiimbizo amagunya Greek ngaphezulu.

Le ntsomi baseRoma yamandulo: isishwankathelo. Gods and Heroes

Ekubeni maphupho wentsomi lamaRoma elihlwempu, amabali amaninzi abolekwe namaGrike. Kodwa kwakukho iintsomi ekuqaleni waseRoma, kamva bagxothwa isiGrike. Ezi ziquka ibali kwasekudalweni kwehlabathi kaThixo UJanus.

Yena waba ubuthixo Latin yamandulo, umlindi wesango ezulwini, isimntwiso kwelanga uqale. Waye kuthathwa uthixo emasangweni neengcango, yaye amelwe ezimbini-ababemi, ekubeni yayiyimini bakholelwa ukuba ubuso UJanus wajika ukuya kwixesha elizayo, kunye nezinye - ngaphambili.

Enye laseRoma yamandulo intsomi isixelela imvelaphi abantu oki. Kanye amaGrike, amaRoma babeyihlonela ehlathini kunye nemithi, waza wadala uAshera enikelwe oothixo, apho izithethe zonqulo ziye zenziwa. imithi ezingcwele umthi womkhiwane (ngokwe legend, ingcuka suckled Romulus wakhe Remus) oki Capitol, leyo Romulus ndizise ulibo amaxhoba emfazwe.

Iintsomi mandulo waseRoma ziye zanikelwa ukuba izilwanyana neentaka: ukhozi, ingcuka kunye esimibalabala. Le yokugqibela ngokukodwa ayeze kwaye kwanikezelwa isithethe Lupercalia ukuvuyela wenzala kunye lokuhlanjululwa. AmaRoma zibangelwa kweengcuka amandla emimoya yaye bekholelwa ukuba umntu abe sisilwanyana.

Kunye nophuhliso nenkolo yamaRoma karhulumente, oothixo abatsha kunye neentsomi ezintsha ngazo, ezithatyathwe amaGrike, amaRoma zilungiswa ngokwabo. Iintsomi mandulo waseRoma indawo amabali pre-ekhoyo abangekaphuhli malunga kokusekwa kwehlabathi kunye nabantu. Kuye kwasekwa ingcamango yokuba oothixo ezimiselwe ukuchaza igunya phezu kwehlabathi. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela ukunqulwa eRoma. Ngoko ke, neentsomi beli lizwe yamandulo yahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu: iintsomi malunga oothixo nezenzo zabo, ilivo amaqhawe namabali malunga nemvelaphi kunye nophuhliso neRoma.

I intsomi kokusekwa isixeko eRoma

Le yenye yezona ntsomi idumileyo ehlabathini. Njengoko uMofokeng omkhulu, iphupho abazalwana, wabaseki iRoma yaziwa kumazwe amaninzi. Yena othetha ngendlela nokuhlutha okungekho mthethweni Amulius amandla bakhathazeka ukuba kwixesha elizayo ugqiba ukuba umngeni, unyana ka-Numitor ukuya etroneni, nomtshana wakhe bambulala ekuzingeleni. intombi Numitor kaThixo, uRhea, wayalela ababingeleli ukuba azise anyuliweyo UVesta, njengoko Vestal kwafuneka ukuba ahlale engatshatanga. Ngoko ke wayefuna ukuba azikhusele kwinzala Numitor, ngubani na naye ekulweni ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi.

Kodwa oothixo azoyenza uRhea enye nxi. Waba ngumfazi uthixo Mars. Emva konyaka, yena wazalwa amawele. Nangona ungonwabi ibango ukuba uyise wabo - njengothixo, kwathi njengoko waphulo nezithintelo Vestal. Ntombi Numitor Uyibiyile emqolombeni, nabantwana Amulius luhlelwe waphoswa iTiber River.

Abakhonzi bazisola kids uzifake kwitanki lamanzi, leyo sanduluka emlanjeni. nokuma aphezulu emkhumbini wayo emanzini waza wawa ilizwe phantsi komkhiwane. Ndeva ekhala abantwana owayehlala kufutshane ne ingcuka bakhe ndawonye amantshontsho waza ukondla iintsana. Le mbono kanye wabona umalusi Favstul waza wathabatha abantwana ekhayeni lakhe.

Njengoko ekhula, abazali besibini waxelela abazalwana malunga nemvelaphi yabo. Romul I rem waya Numitor, ngubani ngoko nangoko kuzo. Akuba eqokelele ngoncedo ngamava encinane, mzalwana wambulala Amulius kunye wavakalisa ukumkani uyisemkhulu wakhe. Ngenxa umvuzo, baye bacelwa ukuba umhlaba kweenxweme iTiber, apho bafumana yosindiso lwabo. Apho kwagqitywa ukuseka elikomkhulu ubukumkani elizayo. Ngethuba ngengxabano ogama lakhe liya kuzala, Remus owabulawa Romulus.

Heroes lokudela amaRoma

Uninzi iintsomi kodwa abolekwe amaGrike, uthethe ngabalinganiswa abafeza uqulukubhode okanye amadini ngokwabo egameni nempumelelo eRoma. Le Romul I kaRemaliya, abazalwana Horace, noLukiyo Junius, Muzio Scaevola, kunye nabanye abaninzi. inkolo yamaRoma yathi subordinated kurhulumente kunye yoluntu umsebenzi. Iintsomi ezininzi ziye amaqhawe hambo, Zizukise ababusi.

Eneya

Eneya - umsunguli yombuso waseRoma. Nyana kwanetempile yothixokazi Aphrodite, umhlobo ka-Hector, iqhawe kaTrojan War - umthetheli oselula babaleke unyana oselula kunye noyise emva kokuwa kuka Troy yaye kwilizwe lumbi, apho wayehlala khona Latins. Watshata Lavinia, intombi yokumkani Latina zasekuhlaleni, yaye bobabini baqalisa ukulawula kumazwe Italian. Inzala linguEneya, Romul I kaRemaliya, abaseki eRoma yaqala.

Le ntsomi baseRoma yamandulo for kids - le ncwadi kakhulu kubafundi abaselula

Nangona ubuninzi iincwadi ukufumana uncwadi ophucukileyo ukufunda iintsomi yabantu bamandulo kunzima. Alone sifanele imveliso, eyasekwa kanye 100 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye nangoku umgangatho. N. A. Kun "Iintsomi yamandulo eGrisi naseRoma" - le ncwadi uyazi inani elikhulu labafundi. Libhalwe ngo-1914 ingakumbi abafundi esikolweni bonke abathanda neentsomi kwabantu yamandulo. Yingqokelela yamabali ezibhaliweyo ilula kakhulu kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ulwimi ophilayo, yaye ugqibelele ukuba abaphulaphuli yabantwana.

A. A. Neyhardt ncwadi umdla "Amabali Legends waseRoma Intshabalalo yaMandulo", nto leyo enika ulwazi ezimfutshane oothixo baseRoma namaqhawe.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yokuba amaRoma waboleka oothixo bamaGrike kunye neentsomi, la mabali baye basinda. Idala ngokusekelwe imisebenzi yabo yobugcisa, ababhali yamaRoma yamandulo Bagciniwe mva ubuhle luzayo Iintsomi zamaGrike namaRoma. Virgil wadala lo amaqhawe "Aeneid", uOvid wabhala "Metamorphoses" "fast". Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo yonke, abantu ababephila ngexesha ngoku unalo ithuba lokuba bafunde ngeenkolelo zonqulo kunye oothixo ababini enkulu ithi bamandulo - Greece neRoma.