Hypation Chronicle - ilitye lesikhumbuzo elikhethekileyo ncwadi yamandulo

Uninzi ulwazi malunga ngembali Russia yamandulo siye Ubhikice ukusuka yemihla. Olu uhlobo uncwadi Old Russian iye kwaye ngowona mthombo kwenkcazelo yembali kweyobunzululwazi mihla, kunye nophando zakudala. Of umdla abaphandi yi Hypation Chronicle. Kutheni? Makhe sihlolisise kunye.

yemihla

Igama "Chronicle" uthetha ukuba ngokwayo - ukubhala iziganeko ngaphaya kweminyaka bakhe, iminyaka. Ababhali eyayigcwele neemonki woonongendi, esishwankathela kakuhle iziganeko ezenzekayo. Kweli xesha feudal, ndlu nganye njengenkosana yaba iseti bakhe, naye wanikwa ingcaciso ethile into eyenzekayo ngokomdla ubukhosi elilawulayo. I chroniclers yokuqala eRashiya wabonakala kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye. Lo, imisebenzi emidala kule uhlobo - "Chronicle of adlulileyo Iminyaka", ebhalwe kalukhuni malunga 1113 a indela Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Nestor.

Ababhali-mbali wafumana inqwaba eziliqela iipasela ezifanayo kweziganeko. Abantu abaninzi abadumileyo kunye engunaphakade ke Laurentian Chronicle kunye Hypation Chronicle. Arch kuthathwa imveliso, kubandakanywa ubalo zemithombo ngaphambili, eziye zincediswe iziganeko zakutshanje. Ngoko ke, i "Chronicle of adlulileyo Iminyaka" ifumaneka isininzi nasemagumbini kwexesha kade njengoko ekuqaleni kwebali.

Nakhodka Karamzin

Kule mbali Russian kwinkulungwane ye-19 UNikolai Karamzin wafumanisa kwindawo yolondolozo ye-Ipatiev Monastery kufuphi Kostroma Chronicle. Kuye ezabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-14. igama layo - Hypation Chronicle - kuloo ndawo amazwe. Kunye nale isethi Laurentian yenye omdala. peculiarity lwayo kukuba, ngaphandle ukuqukwa eliqhelekileyo ukulandisa Nestor, yena ingxelo eneenkcukacha imbali iziganeko Kiev ubulawuli ebudeni bolawulo Rurik Rostislavovich kunye nomhlaba Compostela-Volyn phambi kokuphela kwenkulungwane ye-13. Oku a unique ukuba ukufunda imbali kumazwe kumzantsi-ntshona yamandulo emva ekuqaleni feudal ukuqhekeka kunye nokusekwa kwe-Tatar-Mongol ulawulo eziphathekayo.

Indlela ukufunda isicatshulwa?

Iyazazi yemihla yamandulo kunokwenzeka ukuba uluhlu olubanzi kubafundi. Okokuqala, kwiminyaka eli-150 edlulileyo epapashwe Zalisa Ukuqokelelwa yeziKronike Russian. Okwesibini, mzuzu uninzi lwabo ziyafumaneka kwi-intanethi. Kakade ke, ukuba kusingathwa ngokungqinelana nolwimi lwale mihla Russian. Hypation Chronicle, inguqulelo yayo nayo wayisa kwi ulwimi Ukrainian, kakhulu, iyafumaneka kuwo nawuphi na umntu onomdla. Ezinye iinxalenye zayo ezikhoyo IsiNgesi. Ke ukuba niphikele umnqweno ukufunda incwadi yemicimbi yemihla kwi original, ngoko kufuneka ufunde, ubuncinane, i Slavonic Endala. Materials ngaske ngeposi intanethi.

Contents Hypatius igumbi

Ukwabiwa eyamkelekileyo izabelo ezintathu ebekwe phantsi ingqalelo. Okokuqala Chronicle of uluhlu Ipatiev isesikweni bonke abanye - ukuba "Tale of adlulileyo Years". Nangona kukho umahluko othile, data zemigaqo, akafumaneki kwezinye ezimnyama. Oku kungqina ukuba ndawo waba ukudalwa yamazwe akumazantsi Russian, apho umbhali bayafikelela iseti yamaxwebhu kunye noovimba, kwaye ucacise ulwazi oluyimfuneko.

Inxalenye yesibini ekuthiwa Kiev. ingqalelo Kuninzi engahlawulwayo ebukumkanini Prince Rostislav Ryuryuka ukusuka ekhaya. Wavele, umphathi Vydubychi Monastery waba yimbangi kule nxalenye yeseti "Hypation Chronicle".

Ukraine, ngakumbi ngqo, Compostela-Volyn Rus, kwinkulungwane weshumi linikwa kwi isahlulo sesithathu Arch. Le ndima ayifani ukusuka engaphambili. Kwimeko yokuqala, akunamsebenzi nokuba unayo na isibalo sengigqi yemveli imihla abonakala ukuba babeke phantsi xa bekhuphela kamva. Makhe zihlale phezu iinxalenye ezimbini zokugqibela.

Kiev umlando

Ngamazwi njengoko kuvakala unakho, kodwa umlando Kiev kwakhona iseti chroniclers wabathetheli abaliqela walawula eyayiseKiev. Wenkulungwane yeshumi yaba nzima ilizwe. Gqolo kukho ngumzabalazo etroneni phakathi Monomakh ne Olegovichy. Lo mkhwa ubonakala nje kuphela leso sixeko, kodwa kwamanye amazwe. Monomashichi wafudukela mpuma, ngokuphumelela apho amandla olukhulu kunye Olegovichy wahlala kwelasezantsi, ukuhlaselwa ezisengozini Polovtsian.

Ngo-1185 kwakukho buhlungu iphulo Igorya Svyatoslavovicha kwi emathafeni, echazwe kwi "Lay". Ulwalamano livumile ngumbala ngokupheleleyo Lavrent'evskiy kunye Hypatian yeziKronike. Le yokugqibela sibonisa uvelwano kunye zokubonisa ukhangele behluleke bokuhlangula Igor ilizwe Russian ezintshabeni. Xa INqaba zamazwe kumntla-mpuma Igor abalahla ukuzidla, ngokuba akazange alinde uncedo abazalwana. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni Kiev Chronicle wayifaka Chernigov kunye Pereyaslavl phantsi Prince Rostislav. Ivela iinkcukacha yobomi oozilawuli esemazantsi.

Malunga Compostela-Volyn Rus

Galich and Volyn njengoko imida yasentshona Kievan Rus, baba imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso. Phezu bokuqonda yomzabalazo kwezopolitiko, umzila kumazwe 1205 ngo 1292 sifunda e Ipatiev Chronicle. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abaqulunqi inxalenye yokugqibela abantu abafundileyo abantu bexesha lakhe, njengoko kwisiGrike, besebenzisa imithombo yangaphambili Old Russian. Ulwazi ke onayo esuka kumncedisi we iingxelo loonozakuzaku, abathetheli amaxhwebhu, amabali zomkhosi. Ngenxa lo igumbi siba inkcazelo eneenkcukacha Battle of the Kalka kunye iziphumo ngokuhlaselwa Batu kwi eRashiya emazantsi-ntshona. Ngoku ithemba, kuyaqondakala ukuba ichaza Hypation Chronicle yaye kutheni umdla indlela townsfolk, kunye mbali zobungcali.