Siberian Lemming: inkcazelo, ukuzala, isondlo

Lemmings - kuba iimpuku ezincinane ezihlala ehlathini kunye kumathafa nakuMntla Melika nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi yezi zilwanyana. Ngoko ke, lo lemming eSiberia eziqhelekileyo eKamchatka kunye iziqithi ezininzi Arctic le Arctic.

Kweli nqaku, sifunda ngakumbi ngezi zilwanyana: oko kudla, ukuba khangela ngayo, ubomi kunye izale.

ukwanda

Le lemming ohlala kumathafa naseAsiya, phakathi imilambo Northern Dvina kunye Onega River ukuya esezantsi ye Kolyma River. Kwakhona ezikuyo isiqithi ezifana White, Vaigach, naseNovosibirsk, Wrangel. Ngokusisiseko, kumda osemazantsi kwebanga ingqamana inxalenye esemntla yehlathi-emathafeni. Amaqela akhethekileyo awodwa elahlukileyo awayezibona mgxobhozo hlathi Kolyma esezantsi.

ukwahluka yendawo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iifom nemisinga ophawulwe ukuncipha ubukhulu kuxhomekeke indlela. Ngoko ke, lemming kwi kumathafa entshonalanga ubomi nokuncipha inkulu kwicala lasempuma. Ngelo efanayo emdaka-imbola ngombala indawo iithowuni omnyama, uqhebeke nemihlathi, esinqeni kunye umntla asezantsi, oko shwaka mnyama amaphiko ngomvumbo. Umbala Ebusika ajike hina kunye Kuyanda. Kwizilwanyana Siberia Islands oko phantse qwa. Kwakhona kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba siqithi luya kuba nemisinga kakhulu elikhulu.

ukubonakala

Lemming - isilwanyana na kwanempuku elifutshane-amancinci: ubude balo umzimba - 18 cm, nomsila - ukuya kwi-17 mm. Ifikelela ubunzima-130 g, ngoxa onzima abudala iimazi nge-10%. Ithoni jikelele isilwanyana - sayingqombela-omthubi kunye admixture elincinane iithowuni sinombala yaye ndiyingwevu. Ngomhla kummango impumlo ku umsila iindidi kukho ngumcu obhityileyo emnyama. izidlele Boca kunye namona eliqaqambileyo ngekopi; lipholi belly ezimhlophe, hlale ngokundibamba omthubi. Kummandla ngeendlebe kunye amehlo kwentamo bands mnyama.

Kwi indawo nomsila elimnyama uphawu nezilwanyana ngayo. Wrangel kunye New Siberian Islands. Winter noboya nokuvula umbane eziluzizi kunye zasehlotyeni lighter ngamaxesha athile abamhlophe ngokoqobo, ngumcu obhityileyo ngasemva umthunzi ukukhanya omdaka. zenyathi nemisinga noko ezincinane yezwekazi; zanyamalala chu zephetshana kunye nokuncipha ubukhulu uyaqapheleka kwicala lasempuma. inani Diploid zofuzo - pieces 50.

buphindwe

lemming Siberian kwande kakhulu. Ngoko ke, lo izala ukusuka alimele-3 ukuya ku-5 amaxesha 6 ngonyaka. Ngamaxesha athile, baya zizala kuphela amanani amakhulu. Kule meko kukho ukunqongophala kokutya, emva koko izilwanyana enze nokuhlaliswa kwabantu abaninzi, xa babehamba kumgca othe tye, inkumbi, idla lonke yaye banako bazintlantlathe.

Ifidi kwi Lemmings?

Baya ikakhulu badla sedges, ngamanye amaxesha amasebe kwetyholo. Ukudla, ngezinye amaqunube izinambuzane ezindidlayo antlers, izilwanyana elahliweyo ngaphambili. Ukuba ungazifunela ukuba adle Lemmings ebusika, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kuwakrekretha ulele kunye moss kwi isiqwenga malunga kwemitha enesiqingatha. Xa ikhephu zilinganisiwe, Ngokufuthi kumphezulu.

indlela yokuphila

Xa vole kunye emxinwa-skulled ungulates Lemmings yeyona ixhaphakileyo uhlobo ibuzi emathafeni. Inani inkulu ufikelela polygonal, kunye tussock kumathafa plain kunye ephuhliswe kakuhle sedge-moss. Lemming ifunyenwe, ifoto yayo thaca kweli nqaku, ezihlanjeni ye amachibi kunye nemilambo low entabeni kunye yinduli esezantsi kolundi sedge-ityholwana kumathafa kwiindawo mgxobhozo. Lingena nge imigxobhozo kwindawo ehlathini.

Ezi zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze yokuhlala lesilwanyana bubukho kwezilwanyana kunye neendawo lula ukwenzela ukwakhiwa imingxuma (umgquba kunye ubumdaka zokungqinga, sphagnum moss kunye pillows). Umbala polygonal (a microrelief ngohlobo weepholigoni ezinkulu, apho yahlulwe iintanda iqabaka) Lemming (photo isilwanyana ingafumaneka kweli nqaku) siphila iintanda umaleko umgquba, lo gama usebenzisa ukuze intshukumo fast.

Eyona uphawu izilwanyana eziphilayo ihlala phantsi ikhephu kwindawo engundoqo konyaka. Ebusika ukuba incamathele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo cover kwekhephu 0.5-1 m: iibhedi zemisinga, imilambo, eyetundra amachibi ezomileyo kunye ezindaweni. Kwacaba uhamba phantsi kwikhephu, zineendawo zokuhlala kokuyilwayo ungqukuva of amadlavu zezityalo ezahlukeneyo kwaye dig kwigumbi ikhephu. Ebusika, lo lemming eSiberia ohlala kuyakruqula.

Ngexesha ikhephu amanzi inane lezilwanyana, yaye ihamba ukuya zinyibilikisiwe, emva koko ndawana yokuhlala ehlotyeni. Apho phezu ukuphakama ezincinane ukwemba imingxuma ezilula. Kwakhona ubambe zokufihla ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Umphezulu ehlahla atshintshele kwimihlaba yokondla. Xa iimazi abadala kwithuba kwekhephu-free kakuhle kakhulu wavakalisa territoriality; ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala amadoda enyuka mmandla kakhulu ngokungakhethiyo, ukuyeka kwimikhukhu ezahlukeneyo okwethutyana.

amandla

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inani lezilwanyana yohluka kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ke phantse kungenakwenzeka ukuba ukuhlangana rhoqo (qho kwiminyaka emi 5) izilwanyana ujong yonke, ningoyiki womntu, kunye kunokuba ndlongondlongo. Ngexesha le minyaka, ukunyuka kwiindawo efanayo kunye nenani lemming Arctic, inani voles yebhanki - emahlathini.

lemming eSiberia ngeli xesha ugcwalise iintili entabeni, nemizana ngemizana, maxa wambi ezama ukudada ngapha matheku kunye imilambo kunye kufa enkulu. Xa inani elikhulu ngamathanga yayo kweempuku abazange ukulungisa iyileyo omnye abe ndlongondlongo. Xa oku kuthuthwa inokuba khangela iintshukumo obulugelelanisiweyo, nangona lemming nganye okunene uhambisa wena, yaye kuphela nemiqobo zangaphandle ngamanye amaxesha kuyanyanzeleka ukuba ndawonye.