Emva kokuba Troubles. Russia ngenkulungwane ye-17. kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho

Ixesha Iingxaki umonakalo noqhekeko kurhulumente Russian. Kwadlula iminyaka emininzi ukubuyisela izinga angaphambili ntle. ukukhula koqoqosho eRashiya kwenkulungwane ye-17 yaqalisa kwi-20, xa wendele kummandla iVolga, Southern eSiberia, kunxweme Sea Northern Black. Lifikile ixesha lokuba uyibhale imbali ngendlela entsha kwakhona kwahlula imida yamazwe Russian. inkcubeko Russian ngenkulungwane ye-17 ngokucotha zatshintsha izinto zabo - lemfundiso icawa lihambe liye kungena elidlulileyo liba amaxabiso afanelekileyo ubomi yehlabathi yaye womntu ngokwakhe.

nkqubo eRashiya ngenkulungwane ye-17

Eyona ndlela eziphambili zomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle kukarhulumente uya kubonisa itafile. Russia ngenkulungwane ye-17 okokuqala emva kweminyaka yemfazwe chaos wakwazi ukuseka ngokwalo njengelizwe esomeleleyo self-ngokwaneleyo.

Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha angaphandle kweli lizwe baqala ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane kunye namanye amazwe. Ngexesha Troubles Great Russia waphulukana intsimi ngasentla yaye emntla-ntshona, kumazantsi zawahlasela lomgadi khans iCrimea ezafika kumazwe echumayo. Ubunye kumazwe Russian, esomeleza urhulumente kazwelonke, sokubuyisela uqoqosho kunye norhwebo - imisebenzi ephambili ebekwe yi-Russian ngenkulungwane ye-17.

kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho

Uqoqosho lizwe kwasekwa zinzima iimeko ngxabano ubudlelwane akudala feudal kunye neklasi loohlohlesakhe asakhulayo. ekukhotyokisweni epheleleyo nkqubo abalimi yenza isiseko sophuhliso lwentlalo Russian. Conciliar I-Code of 1649 laphelisa "iminyaka esisigxina" wayefuna abalimi obalekayo wavakaliswa elingunaphakade, ekugqibeleni kubalimi amalungelo ambalwa baza yookhokho babo idima.

Nabalimi belizwe xa bebonke aba baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuNdikhoyo feudal, ngayo inventri kwakhe ilizwe lakhe, uze uhlawule kuye irente. Ukuba lulutho sachaza indlela zasemaphandleni yobomi, nto leyo eyenza isiseko-nkqubo yasekhaya esukelwa Russia ngenkulungwane ye-17. uphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho nothobela imithetho absolutism, nto leyo ethakazelelwe kakhulu, ingakumbi emva kokuba ulwamkelo kwiBhunga Code 1649.

Iminyaka 20 ukuvuselela imveliso unokwakhela, izibonelelo ezitsha imveliso ebiqaliswe eRashiya - manufactory. New Commercial Charter kuhlengahlengiswa imithetho lobudlelwane zorhwebo kunye kwavusa uphuhliso kwezorhwebo.

Ukomeleza ngamandla yasebukhosini

Njengokuba ezininzi izahluko ezimbini Code entsha mthetho Russian ukukhusela amalungelo yobukumkani, kwaye nodumo kwamandla yobukumkani kweli lizwe. Ngokuthe ngcembe, onke amandla buzinze ezandleni umbusi othile - ukumkani. ngaphambili Zemsky Sobor ukusombulula imiba ebalulekileyo yezopolitiko, ngokukhawuleza salahlekelwa. amalungelo awo namandla ngoku yanikwa Boyar Duma. Uzinzo isihlobo kwezoqoqosho nakwezopolitiko someleza ulawulo yedwa, nokuba ngaphandle kwenkxaso kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu. Ukugcina ipolitiki zasekhaya ayila izixhobo likarhulumente ezisembindini yolawulo.

oda

Indima ngabameli gunya kwiingingqi ezithile ezilandelayo odolo. Kwinkulungwane ye-17 ukuba benziwa, kodwa kula maziko kwakukho ungekho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi zokuxhathisa lomthetho nelesigqeba ngamandla. Ngexesha Troubles odolo umsebenzi ezingabonakaliyo nokungaphumeleli kwawo.

Tsar uMikhail Fedorovich kumisa imiyalelo ezininzi wethutyana - ukuba apheliswe emva kokwenza imisebenzi ethile. ezihlangwini zakhe, Alexis, uye wasungula iMiyalelo yeNkundla engunomphelo ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo kwiindawo ezithile - kuquka abo baye bathelela Russia ngenkulungwane ye-17. kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho lweli lizwe sixhasa ngokupheleleyo kuphuculo ibandla, esenzeka phakathi kwinkulungwane.

I-mandla lonke ibandla

Kunye nale mimandla Belarusian kwaye Ukrainian ukuya emasimini karhulumente Russian kukhokelele nokuqukuqela ukutolika ezahlukeneyo iimfundiso Orthodox zamaKristu. guqula Nikon kaThixo yenzelwe ukudibanisa iimfundiso zonqulo zinaso kwaye kwakhona ukwenza i iCawa Orthodox enye. Kodwa ezi nguqu ziye zabangela luyambombozela enkulu yabantu, yaye ingcamango nezenkolo igunya elizimeleyo nguzwilakhe yehlabathi wayecaphukile. Ngenxa yoko, kwabakho ekwahlulweni ibandla, yaye ngowe-1666, Nikon wazidla.

inkcubeko Russian ngenkulungwane ye-17

Uphuhliso ushicilelo kwi zikarhulumente Russian iqala kokupapashwa ncwadi ishicilelwe yokuqala "Umpostile". Kukho ezintsha neentlobo zoncwadi, kwaye kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane wathi ngokwayo imifanekiso, nto leyo eyaba ngukhokho S. Ushakov.

Ukutshintsha nemithetho yocwangciso lwedolophu bokwakha. Kuyabonakala isimbo, uphawu kuphela Russia -Moscow ezimbejembeje, yoluntu kunye nezakhiwo zikawonke zaye yakhiwa ngamatye.

Phuhlisa izikolo uqeqesho amagosa bamaziko karhulumente, kwaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane kukho Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy - iziko yokuqala ephakamileyo emfundo, apho wavula iRussia ngenkulungwane ye-17.

kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho lweli lizwe kunye imvuselelo kwenkcubeko eRashiya ngelo xesha, kancinane kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwakhokelela ilizwe ukuze inguqu ezintsha kunye nayiphi na inkqubo yezopolitiko.