Idabi inkulu IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic (itanki, njalo njalo)

De kube ngoku, ababhali-mbali bathi malunga apho lazaliswa itanki idabi inkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ibali kumazwe amaninzi phantsi olungafanelekanga impembelelo kwezopolitiko. Ngoko ke akuqhelekanga ukuba ezinye iziganeko banconywa, kodwa abanye abahlala bengaxatyiswanga kakhulu okanye ulibele. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho imbali waseUSSR, itanki emfazweni inkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eyenzeka Prokhorovka. Yaba yinxalenye kwidabi, esenzeka e Kursk. Kodwa abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba longquzulwano bendalo phakathi alwayo macala omabini izithuthi vehicles kwenzeka iminyaka emibini phakathi imizi emithathu ngaphambili - Brody, Lutsk kunye Dubno. Kule ndawo safika kunye ezimbini utshaba armada vehicles, uniko manani ezingama-amawaka 4.5. Cars.

Ngosuku lwesibini balwe

Le itanki emfazweni inkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwenzeka ngoJuni 23 - kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokuba ayehlasela abahlaseli German zwilakhe kumhlaba eSoviet. Kungelo xesha angaphathi imishini ye-Red Army, oyinxalenye Kiev Military District, baba nako ukubahlangula abantu balwe yokuqala enamandla nxamnye notshaba phambili ngokukhawuleza. Hi ndlela leyi, lo msebenzi wacela GK Zhukov.

Isicwangciso umyalelo yiSoviet indawo yokuqala kukuba ukusebenzisa ngesibetho kakhulu nelisemihlubulweni ye Panzer iqela 1 baseJamani, amyeke eKiev ukuze zingqonge kuqala, uze ulonakalise. Ithemba lokoyisa phezu utshaba banikwa into yokuba kwisiza, i-Red Army waba luncedo siqinile kwiitanki. Ngaphandle kwisithili zomkhosi Kiev phambi kokuba imfazwe omnye kakhulu, kwaye ke ngoko sanikwa qhaza umculi ukuziphindezela kwimeko ukulwa ku Germany. Kulapha kule ndawo yokuqala kwaye zonke izixhobo zomkhosi, kwaye kukuninzi, kwaye umgangatho woqeqesho lwabasebenzi yaba liphezulu.

Nje phambi kokuba imfazwe, uniko manani, amatanki 3.695, ngeli icala waseJamani ndihambela asibhozo kuphela ezilikhulu izithuthi vehicles kunye zokudubula self-ngokwaso. Kodwa practice, isicwangciso ebonakala ogqibeleleyo akuphumelelanga kakubi. Irhashalala, ungemi kunye olungalungiselelwanga ukuze kakuhle isigqibo neziphumo kwitanki emfazweni inkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, apho Red Army bahlulwa layo lokuqala kunye embi kangaka.

ngxabano weentonga

Xa amaqela Soviet imishini, ekugqibeleni efika ngaphambili, kwangoko baya ngezenzo. Kufuneka ke ukuba imfundiso imfazwe de phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, iimfazwe ezo akuvumelekanga, njengoko izithuthi vehicles ziye ozakuthathwa isixhobo engundoqo ukwaphula zokuzikhusela kotshaba.

"Iinkanunu kunye namatanki bengekho imfazwe" - lowo kuqulunqo lwalo mgaqo, eqhelekileyo ukuba zombini eSoviet kunye nezinye yonke imikhosi zehlabathi. Yilwa izithuthi vehicles yakhelwe antitank zokudubula okanye nomkhosi kakuhle eyendeleyo. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso kwingingqi Brody - Lutsk - ngokupheleleyo Dubno wophula yonke iingqiqo theoretical component izakhiwo zomkhosi. Kulapha ke, itanki imfazwe yokuqala inkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, apho iiyunithi Soviet kunye nesiJamani imishini ekuvunyelwene kunye nezinye iindawo intloko-on ukuhlasela.

Isizathu sokuqala ngokoyiswa

I-Red Army baphulukana imfazwe, yaye kwaba ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Eyokuqala kuzo - yokunqongophala konxibelelwano. AmaJamani zinobulungisa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngenkuthalo kuyo. Ngentlonelo, ukuba ilungelelanise imigudu zonke iingalo. Ngokungafaniyo welinye icala, umyalelo eSoviet ukulawula izenzo kwiiyunithi zabo tank kakubi. Ngoko ke, ukuze ziye kweli dabi kwafuneka enze olo eziya kuluthwala ngokwazo, nayo ngaphandle nayiphi na inkxaso.

Marine ababefanele ukubanceda ekulweni anti-itanki zokudubula kunye nomkhosi iiyunithi endaweni yoko, kunyanzeleke ukuba ukubaleka iinqwelo vehicles, nje musa ayaphela kunye oomatshini eliphezulu kakhulu. Ukunqongophala iyonke co-ordination kwakhokelela ekubeni umzimba mnye waqalisa ukuhlasela, kunye nezinye - baye bafudukela kude kwizikhundla zabo waza waqalisa ukuba yimbumba ngeli xesha.

Isizathu sesibini ngokusilela

Izinto olandelayo ngokoyiswa angaphathi Soviet imishini phantsi Dubno ayikho ukulungele ukuba idabi tank ngokwayo. Oku kwaba ngenxa mgaqo ye-pre-imfazwe "kunye iitanki iitanki musani ukulwa." Ukongeza, angaphathi imishini zaye linabasebenzi ukuba kakhulu inkxaso inxalenye nomkhosi vehicles, ziphume ngomnyaka 1930.

Itanki idabi inkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ecaleni yiSoviet yalahleka ngenxa yobume izithuthi Soviet emkhosini. Isibakala sokuba iitanki ukukhanya, ubunjwe Olubomvu Army, yaba iimbumbulu okanye wokuhlolwa Zempi. Imikhulu ukuba behlasela enzonzobila emva imigca ziintshaba, kodwa lunga- ngokupheleleyo ukwaphula ukuziphendulela. umyalelo lwamaNazi iye kuthathelwa ingqalelo onke amandla kunye nobuthathaka izixhobo zabo, ukuba bathabatha izigqibo yaye wakwazi ukulwa ngendlela ukuze aphuthise zonke iingenelo matanki Soviet.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba eli dabi, waza wasebenza ngokugqibeleleyo German zokudubula entsimini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-avareji T-34 kunye KV enzima akuzange kube yingozi, kodwa amatanki ukukhanya zazimela isisongelo ofayo. Kuba baseJamani imbokodo art yiSoviet ezisetyenziswa kweli dabi,-88 mm guns anti-moya, nto leyo maxa wambi nkqu iisampulu isikrweqe olutsha Pierce T-34. Njengoko ngokuba iitanki ukukhanya, ngoko ukuba zingangeni oonokrwece zabo, bayeka nje kuphela, kodwa "ngokuyinxenye batshatyalaliswa".

Iintsilelo umyalelo Soviet

Red Army izithuthi vehicles waya apho edabini phantsi Dubno ze ngokupheleleyo emoyeni, ngoko iinqwelomoya aseJamani ayekhona hambo kutshatyalaliswa ukuya kwisiqingatha iikholam imishini. Uninzi matanki yaba isikrweqe buthathaka, oko yayize babuyele emsebenzini ngemipu kumatshini enzima. Ukongezelela, kwakungekho unomathotholo, kunye Red Army amaqela itanki kwanyanzeleka ukwenza ngokweemeko ngokokubona kwayo. Ke, phezu kwazo zonke iingxaki, ke waya apho edabini, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu kuphumelela.

Kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ukuqikelela kwangaphambili ngubani ukuwina na itanki emfazweni inkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Okokuqala, esikalini wayesoloko isehla inyuka: impumelelo waba mnye, ngoko kwelinye icala. Ngosuku yesi-4 amaqela kwitanki eSoviet baye bakwazi ukufezekisa inkqubela ebonakalayo, kwaye utshaba kwezinye iindawo ibiqhutywa km 25 okanye 35. Kodwa ekupheleni kosuku Juni 27 nokuqalisa ukuchaphazela yokunqongophala elihamba ngaphandle yentsimbi olunga kwazanga zisebenza ngokupheleleyo endle, ngenxa yoko, inxalenye ephambili yale angaphathi Soviet imishini ezo beziza sibhujiswe. Ukongeza, iiyunithi ezininzi uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba azikhusele. Abazange babe amafutha ngokwaneleyo, iimbumbulu kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa. kuvame ebaleka, washiya ndlela phantse kakuhle ngenxa yokuba babengenawo ixesha okanye ithuba ukuyilungisa uthathe ekhaya kunye nabo.

Le boyisiwe, ukuba uloyiso

Namhlanje, kukho abantu bacinge ukuba xa iSoviet waya phezu sisuswa, oku kungabangela ukulibaziseka lohlaselo German kwaye babuyele umva kotshaba. Ubukhulu becala, yinto nje njengephupha. Nceda uqaphele ukuba amajoni Wehrmacht ngelo xesha walwa ngcono kakhulu, ngaphandle, baye ibiba ngenkuthalo kunye namanye amasebe emkhosini. Noko ke, itanki emfazweni likhulu IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic nangoku wadlala indima entle. It wazikrazula kusengaphambili ngokukhawuleza imikhosi samaNazi lanyanzela umyalelo Wehrmacht ukungena iiyunithi zabo reserve elungiselelwe kuhlaselwa eMoscow, yaye oku ephazamisa grand icebo kaHitler "Barbarossa". Ngaphandle kokuba kukho into wayekade ezininzi yokulwa enzima kunye liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, imfazwe Dubno nangoku sikufutshane uloyiso.

ESmolensk ukulwa

Ngokutsho amanqaku ngembali, imfazwe likhulu kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kwenzeka kwiinyanga zokuqala emva kokuba kuhlasela lwamaNazi. Kufuneka wathi ESmolensk ukulwa - akukho nto idabi elinye, kwaye ngokwenene omkhulu ukuzithethelela uxambuliswano ye-Red Army ngokuchasene abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente, eyathatha iinyanga 2 kwenzeka kwixesha ukususela-10 Julayi ukuya kwi-10 Septemba. iinjongo zalo eziphambili babemele bayeke ubuncinane okwethutyana, impumelelo yongungelwano utshaba ukuya komkhulu, Ikomkhulu ukuba babe nako ukuvelisa i ukucwangcisa ngocoselelo ngakumbi wawalwela eMoscow, yaye ngaloo ndlela kuthintela lokufakwa mzi.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amaJamani kwaba bobabini noludumileyo lwamanani nobugcisa, amajoni Soviet baye bakwazi ukubabamba kufuphi ESmolensk. Ngeendleko ilahleko enkulu i-Red Army wayeka advance ngokukhawuleza utshaba kwelizwe.

Battle for Kyïv

Idabi inkulu IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, eziquka nokulwa ingqukuva Ukrainian, baye ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, nasekuxinweni ukukhusela Kiev kwenzeka ukususela kuJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba 1941, uHitler, ebamba izikhundla zabo kufuphi ESmolensk, bekholwa ukuba ayaphumelela yalo msebenzi, ukuba buguqulelwe inxenye yomkhosi wakhe, kwicala of Kiev, ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba athathe Ukraine, uze emva koko - iLeningrad and eMoscow .

Ukusiwa Kiev yaba ngesibetho enzima kweli lizwe, njengoko kuye kwenziwa kuphela sixeko kodwa lonke eli lizwe, yena woovimba qhinga amalahle kunye nokutya. Ukongeza, i-Red Army ubunzima ilahleko eninzi. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi, ziye zabulawa okanye kuthinjwa malunga 700 lamawaka. Man. Njengoko ubona, iimfazwe inkulu Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu, esenzeka ngowe-1941, yaphela nge ukusilela elikhulu ngezicwangciso eliphezulu umyalelo eSoviet kunye nelahleko imimandla enkulu. iinkokeli Iimpazamo ziyindleko kakhulu kwilizwe eli lonke, ukuba ngexesha nje elingephi, uphulukene amakhulu amawaka abemi balo.

wawalwela eMoscow

iimfazwe ezinkulu ezifana kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, njengoko ESmolensk dabi eshushu-up for imikhosi nomsebenzi, ababefuna ukuba zifake ikomkhulu eSoviet Union yaye ngaloo ndlela enze oluBomvu Army ukuba thela kuphela. kwaye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kufutshane kakhulu injongo yabo. imikhosi kaHitler baye baphumelela phantse nokusondela elikomkhulu - baba sele km 20-30 ukusuka esixekweni.

IV Stalin wayeyiqonda kakuhle ubungqongqo meko, ukuze igama GK Zhukov, umthetheli-Western Front. Ekupheleni November, amaNazi babamba idolophu Klin, kwaye oku kukhokelele ngempumelelo yabo. imikhosi Advanced itanki German bakhwelela kude phambili, kunye uphathwe zabo kwasilela kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-ngaphambili baphuma ukuba kolulwa kakhulu, nto leyo ebangele ukuba ukulahleka ubuchule Babesinqinda utshaba. Ukongeza, kuneqabaka kakhulu, iba yinxalenye isizathu sokuba ukwala izithuthi German vehicles.

intsomi kokuchitha

Njengoko ubona, idabi yokuqala enkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II wabonisa yokungabikho kakhulu kulungiselelwa i-Red Army kulwa utshaba olunamandla nanamava hlobo. Kodwa, phezu kwazo nje iimpazamo, eli xesha umyalelo eSoviet yakwazi ukuba aququzelele onamandla sibali-ekhubekisayo, eyaqalisa ngobusuku-5 ukuya 6 Disemba 1941 Le iinkokheli kuba ekwalile German bengawenzanga kulindeleke. Ngeli ekhubekisayo amaJamani bagxothwa ikomkhulu kumgama km 150.

Phambi kokuba Battle of eMoscow lonke idabi yangaphambili ezinkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II akazange nimqumbise utshaba ilahleko ezibalulekileyo. Ngethuba onilwelayo kwikomkhulu kanye amaJamani ezilahlekileyo ngaphezulu kwe-120 lamawaka. Imikhosi yayo. Elo xesha lokuqala e Moscow, wawancamisa ekuhleni intsomi invincibility le ku Germany.

Amacebo abalwayo

Itanki yesibini ngobukhulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II lo msebenzi, nto leyo njengenxalenye yesigaba ngoyaba le Battle of Kursk. Zombini umyalelo Soviet kwaye lwamaNazi kwacaca ukuba ekuhambeni kokuyaphula uya utshintsho olukhulu kwaye iya isigqibo, enyanisweni, isiphumo imfazwe. NgamaJamani ingenakucwangciselwa ekhubekisayo kakhulu ehlotyeni ka 1943, injongo yazo kukuba ukufumana inyathelo qhinga baphinde bakuthembe yenkampani kwicala layo. Ngoko ke, ikomkhulu kaHitler kwangethuba kwaye uphunyeziwe lo usebenze kanzima "enqaba".

E GHQ Stalin wayesazi malunga uhlaselo utshaba wenza ukuphikisa kwizicwangciso, olu sapho lwaluquka xa kuthethwa okwethutyana Kursk yetyala kunye ukopha ubuninzi kunye nemikhosi utshaba vymatyvanii. Emva koko, siya Siyathemba ukuba Red Army uya kuba nako ukulwa-hlaselo, yaye kamva - ukuya kwinqanaba lohlaselo qhinga.

isikali Second itanki idabi

Julayi 12 kufuphi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Prokhorovka, apho lalikhona 56 ukusuka Belgorod, ezayo iqela Panzer ke ngequbuliso wayeka balwe esithathwe amabutho yiSoviet. Xa mpi yaqala, eyongezeleleki--Red waba ithuba elithile yokuba ilanga liphuma tameke phambili imikhosi yaseJamani.

Ukongeza, lexinene egqithiseleyo edabini, ndayihluthwa oomatshini lwamaNazi yeenzuzo yayo engundoqo - ehlala ihleli nemipu enamandla, ezibe phantse engenamsebenzi eduze kangaka. Kodwa umkhosi yiSoviet, ke, wafumana ithuba nomlilo abalibona kwaye betha amanqaku abuthatha kwezithuthi German vehicles.

imiphumela

Xa kwidabi Prokhorovka kumacala omabini wawungapheleli ngaphantsi kwe-1.5 amawaka. Pieces yezixhobo, ngaphandle moya. enye kuphela ngemini yemfazwe utshaba ezilahlekileyo amatanki 350 amawaka-10. imikhosi yayo. Ekupheleni kosuku olulandelayo ilawulwa ukuba atyhudise zokuzikhusela utshaba, besenza nzulu km 25. Emva koko, lohlaselo ye-Red Army sikhula, kwaye amaJamani kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. Ukuze ixesha elide kwakucingwa ukuba le isiqephu Idabi Kursk amelwe itanki emfazweni inkulu.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II oko ifumile imilo, eyabonakala ibe nzima kakhulu kuba lonke elo lizwe. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, umkhosi kunye nabantu kunye nesidima sizoyisa zonke izilingo. Iimfazwe ezichazwe kweli nqaku, nantoni na ukuze ube - nempumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli, kusesemini zazikufuphi ngokuyingozi ekuzuzeni oku awayesibawela nokuzeka kade elindelwe yi zonke Ukoyisa Omkhulu.