Cosmonaut Komarova Vladimira Mihaylovicha ukufa. "Soyuz-1"

Malunga ukwehluleka moya space ngamaxesha Soviet esithi ukuba zingamkelwa, njengokufihla izibakala ezininzi. Vladimir Komarov wabulawa, le Hero eSoviet Union, i-usomajukujuku, eli lizwe bafunda ngoko nangoko. Isithuba kwi lokuqala lophuhliso liye ngokoqobo ongaqondakaliyo, kwaye iinqanawa sinamakhwiniba ezininzi, iziphene yi nabayili.

Imibingelelo ngenxa ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni kwixesha eSoviet

Amagama Amaqhawe ezininzi oosomajukujuku ezaziwa bonke, kodwa kungakanani ndingaziwa abantu nabani na, ubomi umsebenzi lwayo isithuba kwaye ogama wachacha nje esibhakabhakeni.

Ukufa cosmonaut Komarov wayengomnye yimibingelelo incommensurable ngenxa wami isithuba engenasiphelo. Yena, njengamanye iinkosi ezininzi, wanikela intetho yakhe kule phesheya, wazinikela ukuba uphando nokufumana iimpendulo zemibuzo ukuba uluntu sele kudala wabuza.

Amacala zokuqala ebulalayo

Njengoko Vladimir Komarov biography efanele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, wafa kwiimeko ezifanayo in Valentin Bondarenko spaceflight. ukufa kwakhe yeyokuqala uphuhliso amabala avulekileyo isithuba: ngusomajukujuku watshiswa ephila ngo-1961, lo gama egumbini bodwa kwi lweziko yenzululwazi ngexesha umthambo yoqeqesho. Le hero wayelungiselela ukuba ngusomajukujuku, uza kufunda izifundo. Intlekele. Xa unhitching abenzi boluvo zonyango kwi umzimba, waza wazisula umqhaphu umzimba wakhe swab nkxu ngotywala, leyo kwavuka, betha ukuma isifudumezi elandelayo. Khamera, mpilo, esibanekile, umlilo ngokukhawuleza isasazeka kwindawo azifakwanga. Amadangatye kukubi iingubo, leyo nangoko kwasuka. Ngusomajukujuku, wavula umnyango ngexesha, wafumana Njengokungeniswa kwaye utshisa akuvumelani ebomini, wafela kuloo ndawo.

Eli tyala yaba yeyokuqala erivaleni kwaye eluntwini nguRhulumente eSoviet Union. Kodwa yaba isifundo kuba abasemagunyeni kunye nesizathu sokuba akukho umyili iziphekepheke kwiindawo befumile mpilo.

Kamva, ngendlela efanayo naphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo wabulala omnye oosomajukujuku abathathu eMelika, kwaye ukuba ngenxa Ukufihla lomsitho yokuqala buhlungu kwimbali astronautics, le ngozi ukuba sele iphetshwe.

Malunga usomajukujuku, elinyukayo ephila ngelixa kokufika

"Soyuz-1", babuyele Umhlaba 23 Apreli 1967 ingqubekile yaze ngenxa yokusilela kwenkqubo iparashute. Ukufa ke cosmonaut Komarov ngexesha uvavanyo wenqanawa nomnye ngesibetho kwilizwe lonke Soviet. Kakade ke, kuya kuphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni yokuqala zange ndacinga ngokupheleleyo yaye ndiphanda. indlela yaqonda kuyingozi yaye ke ngoko kukho ukusilela. Kunyaka ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, November 28, 1966, kwendiza ukusuka orbit wenza wokuqala ezenzekelayo "Soyuz-1" kunye "Cosmos-133", njengoko kwaxelwa TASS. Kungekudala emva koko, ngoDisemba waloo nyaka, waba ingozi ngenxa yokwaphuka ngokusesikweni pad, "Soyuz-2".

A imvelaphi encinane ntlekele ne Komarov

Kodwa ke urhulumente waseSoviet wayefuna impumelelo amatsha isithuba, kwaye ungxamile, kwagqitywa ukulungiselela i irula ukuba ukusungulwa ngoMeyi 1, nangona iingxaki kudala waba ngokwaneleyo. Ekubeni yayisazi inani iingxaki, usomajukujuku, eyenzelwe ukuba ukubhabha emajukujukwini, mnandi, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi, yaye wathabatha ukhuko lwakhe. Wabelwa kwenye uvavanyo, uVladimir Mihaylovich Komarov, nabaqhubi abanamava nabaqeqeshiweyo, owayekade kwindledlana ukhuphelo kunye Yuriem Gagarinym ngo-Apreli 1966.

Indlela konke kwenzeka ngokwenene?

Emva kokukhutshwa ebisenqanaweni orbit ngenxa yeengxaki Komarov Kwagqitywa ukuba kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza ngeenyawo, kodwa ke akunakwenzeka ukuba siphephe nozipho. Le nyaniso waphinda ifihliwe. I Encyclopedia ithi loo moya yimpumelelo, kwaye inkqubo uyabulawa. eneneni Version waba ezimbalwa. Omnye wabo - kukungakhathali nomfakeli, nto leyo ukugrumba umngxuma kwekhusi, kuba wayengakwazi ukuya ekunene yunithi, oko amanqaku ngenxa disc ngentsimbi. Yesininzi zanyibilika ibetha umaleko yehlathi umoya ngexesha ekuhleni kwayo emkhombeni, wangena umoya kwigumbi komoya. Kudala uxinzelelo kwakhokelela ucinezelo wesingxobo kunye iparashute kuphuma ndize ndibatyhilele engaphumelelanga. Kwakukho ntlekele entsha.

imizuzu yokugqibela phambi kokufa hero-usomajukujuku

ukufa Usomajukujuku Komarov yaba phantse kunqandwa. Wakwazi ukukhulula iparashute Reserve, kodwa kungekudala kucinywa ngenxa lomfowunelwa lokuqala kunye nemigca. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuze sisinde phantse apho, yaye zonke yokungakhathali nomfakeli kaThixo, ebonisa otnesshiysya umsebenzi wabo.

Ngexesha ekuhleni umatshini wabetha emhlabeni yaye umqhubi Komarov wafa.

Khumbula ngamaxesha onke: Ngubani na obange ntoni?

Uxanduva kwinkqubo iparashute kwi eSoviet Union wayelapha Minaviaproma. Version oko kwenzekileyo bakuba beyiphosile ilothe kakhulu ezahlukeneyo: ukuba iglasi kuthungwa ngayo Sib ngaphakathi shot, ukubetha ekuhleni emoyeni rarefied enqanaweni. Ngenxa uxinzelelo drop elibukhali zeglasi gqitha, yaye ngenxa yokuba elakhelwe imihlaba isixhobo, ngoko pinched iparashute engundoqo. Ngexesha ekuhleni ngesantya esiphezulu balancing umatshini uqale kwaye ukunxibelelana emhlabeni lungqubene.

A kwanendawo esenzeke kuyo ngozi kuthiwa ummandla Adamovsky District Orenburg. Elalini Karabutak ukususela sifakelwe kwisakhiwo zokubhiyizela lenkumbulo, kuza ngonyaka ngamnye kwi-Aprili 23, ukukhumbula iqhawe bawa. Xa emathafeni phantsi Orsk yokuqala ukuvela obelisk yokuqala Juni 11, 1967. ufakelo wayo wahlelwa ngoogxa le usomajukujuku ungasekhoyo.

Imbali ifundisa nto, okanye njani na ukuphinda iimpazamo

Kungekudala emva koko, ngoJuni 1971, kwakukho enye intlekele esithubeni - zokusweleka abalinganiswa abathathu: Victor Patsaeva, Vladislav potter kunye Georgy Dobrovolsky, xa behla beza emhlabeni kunye kwisikhululo isithuba "Soyuz-1". Emva koko ubunzima ukuwa "Soyuz-1" baxhomekeka. Oosomajukujuku baba stand-in, ngubani labhabha endaweni abasebenzi ephambili Valery Kubasov, Petrom Kolodinym kunye Alekseem Leonovym. Unobangela lokufa - amabhongo yethu entsha ezopolitiko Soviet.

Ukuthatha icebiso ukusuka baseMelika labhabha inyanga kwisithuthi 3 etekisini-, abasemagunyeni baye bagqiba ukuba iimfuno zethu abantu nje ezintathu ukubhabha. Ukuba ababini inqwelo iisuti isithuba, ntlekele ibingayi kwenzeke. 3 isuti nje aluhambisani zonke iimeko zibhabha, ayikwazanga ukungena ubungakanani kunye nobukhulu ndlwana. Oosomajukujuku lathumela iitreksuthi, leyo ngokucacile ntoni Yayingekho.

Umzekelo Gagarin, kwakhona yabhalwa ngabantu abathathu ngo-1964 kwi "Sunrise" Yaphaphazela yeza Boris Yegorov, kunye uKonstantin Feoktistov, Vladimir Komarov. Yenzelwe ukuba omnye umntu cabin, Kakade ke, ngokuba kwaba bathathu ngeyona emxinwa, kwaye oosomajukujuku ukhetha ukuba ukubhabha iisuti space, kunye jumpsuits, kwaye lungasuswa kuphela ukuba isihlalo ejection ubunokwazi ukwandisa isithuba. iphula rhoqo kuzo zonke iimeko ibhabha. Baye ekuqaleni nje ubomi babo engozini. On ithuba elikhulu loo moya yaphela ngempumelelo. Kodwa ngenxa impatho embi yemigaqo, nangenxa sengqondo ukuhiliza kakhulu iimeko phambi ntlekele phezu emnyango.

Ukumkani, eziva ityala lakhe kwangaphambili, wacela uxolo kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ebukele oosomajukujuku ibhabha. Esi siganeko yi abasemagunyeni belo xesha, Kakade ke, nayo ifihliwe.

Izinto ezibangela ukufa cosmonaut Komarov

Ngexesha ekuhleni lungqubene "Soyuz-1". Vladimir Komarov akakwazanga ukubona iingxaki kulo matshini. Okokuqala ukuya kubude 150 km ukusuka Umhlaba konke ok, kodwa kwakuyimfuneko ekungeneni emoyeni inqanawa yahlula ube zahlulo zithathu, oko kukuthi, ukwahlula endlwaneni ukusuka kwisixhobo basekhaya amagumbi. Okwangoku yokuzahlula wolayisho ofaka vana ngaphambi kwexesha, nangona Umqala wamantla ayo okuza kwenzeka kamva, kufutshane Umhlaba ngokwawo.

Isizathu soku ukuvulwa esingalindelekanga ivelufa nangoku iye ayasekwa. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukwahlulwa wenqanawa kwiindawo liqhuma iibholiti iziqhushumbisi kwi yokothuka, le mpilo iya kuvulwa ngokufutha ivalve of umoya yokuphefumla kunye nentshukumo yentonga kumise. Ngexesha ekuhleni umatshini kakhulu izinga, kwaye nje usomajukujuku ayikwazanga eyenziwe ibhendi ezizibeni ukuze uvale umngxuma ngenxa (i-window), ekugqibeleni andabikho zingqondweni.

Xa efumanise umfi awasiwisayo phambi igazi nitrogen, ubuchopho ukopha, igazi emiphungeni. Emva kwesi siganeko, lamaphulo swi ukuya kwiminyaka-2 bamiswa. technology space eSoviet ngokungxamisekileyo ifuna ukuphuculwa. Esi siganeko iye ngayo urhulumente. Oosomajukujuku zakhutshwa iisuti ezizodwa, inengubo flight ezahlukeneyo ongafanele. amanyathelo okhuseleko athe athathwa kwabantu umcimbi ongxamisekileyo.

biography emfutshane usomajukujuku enkulu

Lonke uhambo ubomi bakhe xa moya abekelwe Vladimir Komarov wafa. Biography hero iyakungqina oku. Uzalwa usomajukujuku ngo-1927. 16 ubudala, emva kokuba inkqubo zesikolo ngonyaka-esixhenxe, wabhalisa Air Force zezikolo ezizodwa eMoscow kunye nenjongo enye kuphela: ukuba abe ngomnye pilot edume imfazwe eSoviet, kodwa zediploma wamkela kuphela ekupheleni kwemfazwe.

Kunyaka olandelayo, emva kokukhutshwa Komarov bafudukela Bataysk. Emva kokuphumelela egameni Serov College of Military Aviation ngowe-1949, wangena inkonzo ukulwa pilot yasemkhosini kwiSithili North. Kungekudala, e Grozny, wadibana no Valentina. Ntsapho watshata Vladimir Mikhailovich.

Ukusuka ukulwa zomkhosi Space Test

Ngowe-1952, Komarov waphinda wasiwa inkonzo. Eli xesha, indawo yakhe entsha sokuhlala kwidolophu lwasentshona Ukrainian of Mukachevo. Njengoko a pilot ophezulu kangangeminyaka esixhenxe, Komarov iye yaqhubeka ukuphuhlisa, funda batyatyambe eyiyo. Cosmonaut ngo-1959 wafumana imfundo ephakamileyo, baphumelela Academy ogama emva N. E. Zhukovskogo. Ngokubhekele phaya, umsebenzi wakhe waqhubeka kwiNtetho Research Institute of Red Banner Air Force.

Iziko yahlukile kwiindawo Amaziko engundoqo ophando yangaphambili - ukuvavanya imifuziselo ezintsha moya. Ukufudukela apha uye waba ngengqiqo, ubulalayo kuyo Komarov - kulapha ukuba wenza umsebenzi kokuvavanywa kwisiphekepheke, leyo akuvumelekile ukusasaza. Sele 1961, waqalisa ukulungiselela ukuba iinqwelo-moya kwi "empuma" kunye "Sunrise".

Le yokugcina yokuphila Komarova

Vladimir Komarov ukuba uthethathethwano kunye Yuriem Gagarinym, kwaye irekhodi lokwenene isagciniwe nangoku. Le mbono yokuba iingcongconi ayikwazanga ukuvula ibhetri ngasekhohlo. Kanye ngaphambi kokufika Gagarin wayalela ukulungiselela umsebenzi yokugqibela, ngononophelo kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo ukunyanga i-self-timer, ugxininise enyangeni. Komarov wathi yonke into ukuze, kubekho isityholo kwi esitulweni baze babophe amabhanti yakho isihlalo. Gagarin wayefuna ukuphefumla ngokunzulu xa lihlala, yaye emva Komarov impendulo: "Enkosi, ndizinikela zonke ..." - ukunxibelelana naye ezaphukileyo nangoko. Kuko konke kwafuneka ukuba uxele ukuba ngalo mzuzu Vladimir Komarov. Cosmonaut, amagama abokugqibela ndimve dispatcher, ziya kuhlala ngonaphakade kwimemori abantu ababemazi.

Icebo wehla emva kokushiya emoyeni. moya Ukufuna wabonakala, kunye nabaqhubi kwasungulwa wokutsiba elingwayo. Ngaphezu koko, babika ukuba umkhombe ivutha ngokwenene. Ibinzana yokugcina obulalayo. Inqanawa hlasi umlilo, yaye ngelo xesha Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich wayesazi ukuba zitshabalalayo. Akukho mntu owaziyo indlela awayevakalelwa ngayo Ngaloo mathuba zobomi. Zonke Ekhuthazwa ngumdla; kunye logbook, kwaye on-kwibhodi recorder.

Ngokutsho legend, abaqhubi kunye moya search kuthiwa weva nengqalekiso ngusomajukujuku, kodwa le ntsomi. Live ilizwi kwenzeka kuphela nge-eriyali kubekwe ezizibeni eziphambili iparashute, kodwa ukumtyhila kuye akazange abe.

Ebusuku, Aprili 25, Vladimir Komarov mathambo wasiwa esibhedlele Burdenko. Vershinin wafika oyintloko, Air Marshal abazigqatsayo ngokusesikweni ntle nabafileyo, kodwa xa lakukubona oko wasala, ngoko nangoko wayalela ukuba ukutshisa.

Uphando wabonisa oko?

Phanda ukufa Vladimir Komarov kunye ntlekele ngokubanzi, kwenzeka kwi "Union", ikhomishini ngokukodwa waqala. Kuloo minyaka, imiba ebandakanyekileyo ukuhlolwa Ustinov. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye ntlekele yenzeke ngengozi, sikhangele ukuqondana.

Enyanisweni, isizathu - zobugcisa. Power pilot kugutyulelwe yaba buthathaka kakhulu engundoqo awaba nako ukutsala kuyo ngaphandle ngenxa wambamba yengcinezelo ucinezelo ezindongeni kwisingxobo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, akazange abe ngqongqo ngokwaneleyo. Ngaba amacala abayili, nxaxheba kuphuhliso gumbi iparashute enqanaweni, njengoko bemeko- kwale nkqubo parachute. Ukususela ofisi yayidla umyili oyintloko Tkachev kunye nesekela lakhe Mishin.

Ukususela ngo-1971 - kungekho iingozi

Emva kweminyaka 1.5 emva intlekele - ukufa cosmonaut Komarov kwi "Union", lo cosmonaut bantinga Georgiy Beregovoy alandelayo ekuqaleni 1969, kwakunye ngokwahlukileyo - Khrunov kunye uElisha. iinqanawa ababini orbit nangoku ebekwe, sele kwisithuba evulekileyo oosomajukujuku bakwazi ukuya kwenye "Union 'kwindawo enye. Lo moya yesibini naye buhlungu, kodwa abalinganiswa wenza kube nzima. "Union" yathatyathwa kakhulu oluthembekileyo zonke Hewana yexesha, kunye yintlekele ngakumbi ngo-1971.

Bravery kunye nesibindi hero nakuthathatha ngurhulumente. "Gold Star" Komarov ke kokufa imbasa Molteno of Imbeko okwesihlandlo sesibini. Ukongeza, usomajukujuku ibhaso phantsi kwesihloko Akumangalisi "Roza Vetrov", ngokuxhomekeka yiKomiti International for Aeronautics and vaakelani va, siqinisekisa ukubaluleka bogqibeleleyo Vladimir Mikhailovich feat.

Namhlanje isidumbu sakhe ukuphumla eludongeni yesicelo kwi yembutho eziphambili eMoscow. Igama lomntu ngokuphindaphindiweyo bayiphosa ilothe, kumabonwakude. Obungamaxwebhu esekelwe iziganeko ifilimu phantsi kwesihloko "Space yokomfuziselo. Igazi kuqala. " Abaseki bayo baba umsebenzi-ntathu ukuchonga unobangela ntlekele kunye bokuqonda ebalulekileyo, ezo nto ngaye leSoviet. E eJamani, kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, i-Berlin Symphony Orchestra wenza Mininzi imisebenzi ebhalwe abaqambi abadumileyo ehlabathini lonke ngokukodwa inkqubo Ad Astra projekthi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ekudalweni ezingcwalisiweyo Vladimir Komarov.

Ukuba naliphi na ntlekele kunye Komarov, "Union" wayefanele ukuba ibe emoyeni de-2014. Kwathabatha isiqingatha senkulungwane, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba kuvela inqanawa nobuhlala iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa ke ubomi kuye (sisananelo yakhe) wamnika yonke hero efanayo - Vladimir Mihaylovich Komarov. Ngaba loo zobugorha? Ngelishwa, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba, sikweni ... Kodwa ngoku, esazi ibali buhlungu nozinikeleyo zasekhaya Komarova, ogama lakhe kufuneka abe phezu ngebande elinye kunye nabanye abahloli ezinkulu kufuneka imbeko kwisikhumbuzo kuyo.