Kiev City: Kiev yoKhuselo (1941)

Enye zeziganeko IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kukho imfazwe ngowe-1941 ngenxa Kiev. ukuziphendulela sixeko ukususela kuJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba kwaye iye yabulala abantu abaninzi. La maxwebhu yalo mcimbi kuthiwa zeqhinga lokusebenza Kiev ukuzithethelela.

Nangona ubuqhawe ngamajoni Soviet kunye bendawo ukuba iimpazamo ezininzi zeqhinga. Emva koko, baye kwakhokelela iziganeko ebuhlungu, kuba apho amakhulu amawaka abantu ukuba ahlawule ngobomi bakhe.

Ekuqaleni ekupheleni

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala Kiev wahlaselwa kakhulu ekuqaleni kwemfazwe. Yaba June 22, 1941, ekuhlaseleni yaseJamani amhluba ekuseni kuye iibhombu zabo. Ngaloo ndlela baqalisa Patriotic iMfazwe Enkulu. Ngaphantsi kwenyanga emva amaJamani iya kufika emzini ngokusondeleyo.

Ukusuka airstrike hit kwisikhululo isakhiwo sikaloliwe, i mveliso moya,-moya yomkhosi, kunye nabanye, kuquka izindlu zokuhlala. Inkoliso yabantu musa nakubona ukuba imfazwe. Kubo, kwaba imithambo rhoqo, eziye ngokunzima olwenziwe amabutho Soviet ngaphezu konyaka.

Ukususela ngoko esi sixeko waqalisa ukulungiselela nezokhuselo. Kuye kwaqulunqwa eKiev umgca ezithethelela, nto leyo nomcu komhlaba 200. Phambi kwabo kwakhiwa iifolo nxamnye amatanki kunye nomkhosi. Obunye pillboxes kunye imisele lasekwa kufuphi nesixeko. Yonke le misebenzi baninzi ngaphezu 160 amawaka abantu Kiev kunye nabahlali kwiilali ezikufuphi yenziwe.

NgoJuni 23, esi sixeko wavula izinto vivo. amawaka 200 abantu yiAkeldama, oko kukuthi esinye isihlanu abemi Kiev. Ngokutsho ngawabo, abantu abatsha babefuna ukuya phambili ukuya kulwa amaJamani. Le usinga akazange aphule amazwi ezininzi yaye ingcinezelo ukuba senzeka 30 kwaye kwakhona kuqaliswe ngenxa yemfazwe.

Ukuqala Kiev operation ukuzithethelela kuthathwa ukuba ibe ngoJulayi 11, xa imikhosi Wehrmacht ifike emfuleni Irpen. Yayikumgama angu 15 ngasentshonalanga komzi. Msebenzi wathatha kweentsuku ezingama-70.

Abathathi-nxaxheba lo mcimbi

Ukuze unciphise abathe basetyenziswa uhlaselo esixekweni, yaye ngubani kuthwalelwa phandle sisigcina of Kiev, kubalulekile ukujonga etafileni.

Izicwangciso of Germany ngoJulayi 1941

Umyalelo German wayenethemba lokuba athathe Donbass kunye eCrimea phambi ekuqaleni kobusika. Kwakhona bekubalulekile ukuba zifake iLeningrad ukunxulumana kunye namajoni Finnish. Ukuze afeze le njongo ke kuthintela le wokhuselo yobuqhawe Kiev.

Ngokutsho komnye le miyalelo, uHitler wayalela ukuya kwicandelo emzantsi-mpuma akazange nje lithathwe. Umsebenzi ibalulekileyo ukuthintela ukurhoxiswa imikhosi ezinkulu utshaba nzulu, kodwa ukuba adutywadutywe nkqu ngasentshonalanga elunxwemeni Dnieper.

I zokulwa ngoJulayi nango-Agasti: isigqibo ebuhlungu

Ngakwintshona Kiev yaba Army "South". Ndaqubisana South-ntshona yakhe ngaphambili, obuphakamileyo utshaba kwenani amajoni kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa. Kodwa waziva ukunqongophala elibalulekileyo amava. In nomkhosi yaphelelwa nyathelo yabaphathi, kwaye amaJamani zaye ngokugqibeleleyo ajika ngobuchule bayirhawula lutshaba.

Sikunye amadabi wenziwe ngobungxamo yabemi. Noko ke, kwaba akanalo ucwangco. Amaxesha amaninzi, abasemagunyeni warhola iintsapho zabo kunye eninzi imithwalo, nto leyo esenza kakhulu abemi abaqhelekileyo. Ukuze ezi njongo, wada wasebenzisa iilori, apho zinqongopheleyo kakhulu kwi ngaphambili.

Ngokufutshane wanceda ukuzinzisa le meko ukuhlasela yobugorha Army General Vlasov. Agasti 10, Bulelani kuye, iye yakhupha ihlomela-Kiev. Kuxhomekeke umsindo German uMlawuli kaThixo nomsindo ukuba August 8 wayeyibhekise babambe umngcelele kwi Khreshchatyk. Noko ke, impumelelo ye-Red Army ayizange ihlale ixesha elide.

Izicwangciso Germany ngo Agasti

Le wokhuselo yobuqhawe Kiev banyanzelisa umyalelo waseJamani ukutshintsha izicwangciso zabo. UHitler wayekholelwa ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ngakumbi ukufaka eMoscow kungekhona ingcamango Franz Halder kunye nakwimimandla esemazantsi USSR. Phambi ebusika, uHitler wayefuna ukuthatha phezu Crimea, amalahle kummandla woshishino Donbass, kwakunye ukuvala unikezelo oyile eCaucasus ukuya amajoni eSoviet.

Ukongezelela Halder, nesigqibo Hitler andizange uyavuma Geynts Guderian. Yena buqu azama ukweyisela uMlawuli zange ayeke uhlaselo Moscow, kodwa iingxoxo bakhe abazange kuchaphazela isigqibo Wehrmacht alimwi omkhulu. Ngoko ke, inxalenye yeqela "Centre" bathunyelwa ezantsi ngoAgasti 24, yaye kwinqanaba lohlaselo kwi eMoscow wayeka.

Izicwangciso USSR ngo Agasti

Stalin wayekhathazeke eMoscow. Wayesazi ukuba kungekudala uza ukudlulisela inyathelo emkhosini kweli cala. Oku kwakhona kuqinisekiswa ubukrelekrele. Njengoko okuqala Agasti, imikhosi yaseJamani kwakufuneka ahlasele eMoscow nge Bryansk.

Kodwa Stalin wayengazi ukuba Hitler ugqiba ukutshintsha izicwangciso zabo kakhulu kwaye athumele imikhosi ezongezelelweyo ukuya ezantsi.

Ukulwa ekupheleni kuka Agasti: Indawo ndilwenze

Ngo-Agasti 21, uHitler wasayina myalelo. Yena waba nempembelelo tsotsololo ikhondo elandelayo imfazwe. Yaba into yokuba imikhosi eziyintloko Wehrmacht babethwayo ukusuka eMoscow ukuya ngasemzantsi, oko kukuthi ukuya eKiev, eCrimea kunye Donbass.

Nangona kwakukho zombini yomkhosi wokhuselo yoluntu of Kiev, imeko yaba yintlekele yodwa. Xa lo myalelo akavumelekanga ukuba ikomkhulu, esoyika indlela Stalin, nto leyo awawisa kuyo.

Ngenxa South-West phambi sasingqongwe ngokupheleleyo amaJamani. Ngobusuku kaSeptemba 18 Moscow, kwagqitywa baleka. Noko ke, ixesha ilahlekile, ngenxa yoko, ingabi onke amasebe akwazi ukufumana uphume khonkcweni. Malunga 700.000 amajoni kwikhompyutha wambulala. Bebonke isiphelo sinye wehlelwa Kirponos Jikelele, kwakunye namagosa 800 ibe neenjengele eyakhokela ngaphambili.

Kiev kammangalelwa akuphumelelanga. amabutho yiSoviet, layohlala ezikhawulezayo wakwazi ukujongela zonke iibhulorho ezine phesheya Dnieper. Ngelo xesha kubo ngeli xesha ingengomajoni kunye nabasebenzi zomkhosi. Kuye nikeza amandla isixeko esingasebenziyo, amanzi. Xa amanzi waphoswa amawaka iingxowa ukutya. Zonke ezi zenzo enzakaliswe abemi eseleyo (malunga 400 amawaka) kwi nokusinda olambileyo esixekweni ahlala.

AmaJamani bangena esixekweni nge-19 Septemba. Ngosuku olulandelayo baqala kusondele yamaYuda amawaka abahlali bendawo baqala sibalekele ukusebenza eJamani. Oku ke kwenzeka iminyaka emithathu.

Iziphumo kunye neziphumo yokusebenza

Kyïv Defence Territorial akazange akwazi ukumelana iingalo Wehrmacht. Ekubulaleni kwaba buhlungu onzima ukuya nomkhosi. Ukongeza inani elikhulu imiphefumlo oluntu aye yalahleka phezu 4 iwaka, mortars, amatanki, iinqwelo-moya.

wokhuselo abangaphumelelanga of Kiev wavula indlela Wehrmacht ukuya ngasempuma. iziganeko ezenzeka kwi ngesantya esiphezulu. AmaJamani wathimba ummandla ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Ubalo lokubamba amazwe eMpuma naseMazantsi:

• 8 Oktobha - uLwandle Azov;
• October 16 - Indawo Odessa;
• Oct 17 - Donbass;
• October 25 - IKharkiv;
• 2 Novemba - eCrimea (Sevastopol waba kwamabutho).

Kwakukule amoyise anegazi ngamaxesha embalwa ezintle. Okokuqala yonke imikhosi yaseJamani ngokufuduswa ukusuka eMoscow, Unike umyalelo eSoviet ukulungiselela nezokhuselo yayo. Kwathiwa imise i ngokuchasene iLeningrad ukudala ngeenxa isangqa tight. Ngenxa yoko, Kiev operation ukuzithethelela zange ashiye ixesha lokuba amaJamani ukufaka eMoscow.