Indlu Monolithic: ncomo. ezingeloncedo indlu isakhelo Monolithic kunye neempawu

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo monolithic lwenziwa kwi iteknoloji kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo. Noko ke, imigaqo esisiseko gca ukuba i developer eziqhelekileyo. Okokuqala, ulwakhiwo formwork lwakhiwe. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuba izaliswe ngodaka eziphathekayo. Yintoni etsala namhlanje izindlu monolithic?

iingcali Izimvo

izakhiwo Namhlanje bakhelwe ubugcisa ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ukwakhiwa awayecwangcisiwe ikhaya labo iphupha, nabasebenzayo bacebisa ukuba zincede zikhethe isakhiwo monolithic. Ngenxa yakhe, kunokwenzeka ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ethembekileyo naluphi uqwalaselo. Okokuqala, iingcali zithi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo monolithic akuthethi kuthi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo enzima. Ngokukodwa, oku kusebenza milenge. Kulo mzekelo, i eziphathekayo. Ngesisombululo yakutshanje igalelwe ngumngundo ezizodwa. Le ikhonkrithi kungafakwa isimangalo nomphakamo-4 m. Ngoko ke, lo mmandla igcinwa kwisiza.

ubuhle be ubuchwepheshe

Ukusebenzisa le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo nawuphi nokuba uqwalaselo. imilo egobile enokusetyenziswa. Le yenye ngeengenelo eziphambili zendlu monolithic. Izimvo yabanini ezininzi zeendawo zokuhlala abonisa umgangatho ophezulu ukulungiselela kokugqiba izakhiwo. Ngelo ngexesha elifanayo umsebenzi bancipha ubuncinane. Ukuba uthelekisa ngathi ekwakheni izindlu, esebenzisa uhlobo formwork non-eshukumayo kunye nezinye iiteknoloji, inkqubo ulwakhiwo kwandiswa phantse phindene kalishumi. Kwakhona, kukho ulondolozo yemali. Lo ngomnye wemiba esingundoqo abathengi abaninzi, ukukhetha iiprojekthi ezifanelekileyo bona izindlu okuqinileyo.

Umahluko omkhulu kwezinye izakhiwo

Ukunikela iindonga monolithic abo ukubhitya ukuba eyakhiwe ngezitena, ngaphezu kabini. Nangona kunjalo, ubume ububanzi yokuqala ka-0.3 m phezu conductivity thermal endaweni ngempumelelo 2.3 m yesibini. Self-ukwakhiwa kwemizi kunciphisa iindleko zobushushu 4 amaxesha. Ngenxa yoko, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo 10x10 m isithuba zayo uya kunyuka macala 15. m. Oku kuya kuba kusetyenziswe igumbi elongezelelweyo.

neempawu ezizodwa

amakhaya Monolithic azakubalulwa amandla nokoma. Iingcali singatsho siqinisekile ukuba, ngokutsho parameters kula maziko lesibini namnye. Xa lwakhiwo lunokuthi umthwalo kwisiseko liyehla kakhulu. Oku kungenxa awohluke ubuchwepheshe yokwakha. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweziseko ezintsha melkozaglublennyh kuvunyelwa ukwakhiwa cottage. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele na iindleko phantsi ukwakhiwa kwayo. lungiselelo kuvumelekile ngezixhobo zemveli kunye formwork isigxina. Ngale umphuhlisi unako ukusebenzisa nayiphi cottage esakhiweni okanye cottage. Oku kusebenza zombini yobume ngamnye kunye nesimbo yokwakha ukuba ezinkulu.

Izizathu ukuthandwa ezikhulayo

Indlu endlwini monolithic ngoku igumbi ishishini udidi-lwezindlu. Kuba oku ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo uphawu ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Njengoko kuboniswa ixesha yokusebenza, ngexesha apho indlu efanelekileyo yokuhlala. Oku malunga amaxesha neminyaka ubudala.

Iimpawu ze ukwakhiwa

Nje namhlanje kwakhiwe izindlu okuqinileyo. Ukuphonononga ababhekisi phambili abonisa ukuba uyilo ukwenzela ukwakhiwa imali elincinane ngokwentelekiso zekhompyutha ezifunekayo. Umgaqo technology ilula: ikhonkrithi obegalelwe kungena formwork uzilungiselele. Ngenxa kule isilingi, umgangatho kunye neendonga afunyenwe flat ngokugqibeleleyo. Kwi isakhiwo sangaphandle nemiphumo emihle izinto ezongezelelweyo mayelana nayo. Ngokukodwa, kubonakala indlu entle litye lesikhumbuzo-yezitena. Olu hlobo yokwakha ikwabizwa ngokuba "uphefumlayo." Bona ipholile ehlotyeni ifudumele kakhulu ebusika.

Impembelelo iimeko zemozulu

Nasiphi na isityalo bangenwe shrinkage. Abasekho ngaphandle kunye nezindlu monolithic. Ukuphonononga kwabamnini beepropati ndawo Bhala iingxaki iindonga, imigangatho kunye nezinye iindawo ngexesha shrinkage njengoko kwenzeka ngokulinganayo. Ngokutsho nabathengi propati ngokwabo, iminyaka emininzi kubhaliwe neentanda, SAGs kunye nezinye sengozini ayifani. Impembelelo ye kwezulu yinto encinci. Kulo mzekelo, akukho amalungu phakathi amacwecwe. Lo mba - ingongoma ephambili ezibuthathaka izakhiwo panel. Nabo ke, Ziyanda kubomi bomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, iiteknoloji ezidibeneyo zisetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abathengi khetha indlu uphose-panel. Kulo mzekelo, indima ephambili ngoku udlalwa nge ixabiso. izakhiwo ezinemigangatho (monolithic) lingakhiwa na imozulu, nokuba ubushushu singaphantsi zero. izakhiwo ngolo kubizwa ngokuba 'eriyeli ". Bona azakubalulwa i elide umona.

zokwakha ultramodern

Taya-in-ifreyim iteknoloji - indlela ekhethekileyo. It idibanisa imigaqo ezimbini izakhiwo. Le ndlela iye yaphuhliswa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Okwangoku, Iiprojekthi izindlu monolithic yale hlobo athandwa kakhulu. Obu bugcisa luphawulwa ziingcali njenge fast, kulula kwaye high quality. It ikuvumela ukuba wonge imali amakhaya ukufudumeza. Obu bugcisa isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa amacwecwe ezinepolisterini. Eziphathekayo lisetyenziswa kwi phantsi koxinzelelo. Loo ndlu iya kuba ngamandla kakhulu kwaye ethembekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izakhiwo. Le ekhaya liqinisekisiwe ayakhuselwa kulandelayo:

1. Ezimagqagala ukwehlisa kwesiseko.
2. neentanda Various.
3. Deformation ye Ekungeneni window.

Kule hlobo lokwakha zakhelwe kuphela ikhaya izinzile. Ukuba bayakwazi ukuya iinyikima entlanganisweni kunye zizikhukula ezinkulu. Iingcali bacebisa ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela yokwakha kwiindawo wenyikima ukunqamka lomhlaba. Le iteknoloji kudala lasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe aphuhlileyo. xesha - malunga 200 neminyaka. Ukongeza, ezi amakhaya yengqingqwa. Ezi zokuhlala ezi usegumbini kunye kamnandi kakhulu. Oku kuzuzwa isakhiwo gingxi kunye nokungabikho kwo ezibandayo. Ngaphakathi izakhiwo kwakhiwa "isiphumo thermos". Oku kuthetha ukuba ngethuba amaxesha ashushu abaluleke epholileyo, yaye ebusika - ezishushu kakhulu. Ngoku ke yakha isamente-in-isakhelo izindlu zitshiphu ukwakha ngaphezu kokuba cottage yemveli.

izinto ezidingekayo

Ngaphambi zokwakha ifuna izibalo efanelekileyo. I-avareji kuselwe ngekhonkrithi nganye 1 macala onke. m -. ukuya 0.7 ^m3. steel nokuqinisa ifuna ukuya kwi-70 kg. Ukuze avelise formwork, kufuneka usebenzise ezahlukeneyo izinto.

metal

Steel kunye aluminiyamu - ezo zinto ukuba athabathe nomthwalo omkhulu. Oveliswa ukusuka iziqalelo zokuqala ethwele formwork. Kulo mzekelo, i isicelo zinc okanye iqaqanjiswa zentsimbi ukuba ukutyabeka ngomgubo. Le yokugqibela ngexesha lomsebenzi inika ukucoca ngokukhawuleza formwork kwaye ikhusela kuyo umhlwa. Aluminium lula ukuyila sobhedu malunga kathathu. Oku kakhulu zanciphisa ixabiso ukufakela formwork kwakunye ukuntsonkotha yokuhamba yayo. Ngoko, iindleko zokwakha ikhaya monolithic nalo lancitshiswa. Ukongeza, lo msebenzi zange inxaxheba crane.

iinkuni

iinkuni elincangathi okanye ngamaplanga ngoyena ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa eyimveliso eziqalelo formwork zabo. I wokuqala ukumelana eliphezulu kakhulu deformation namandla. Noko ke, wood engxakini ebalulekileyo. Oku malunga hygroscopicity. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba izinto iinkuni kudumba okanye imicu. Ngoko ke, xa kusakhiwa ngamaplanga elaminethiweyo ezisetyenziswayo ukuba phenol-formaldehyde nokwaleka okhethekileyo. Enkosi kuye, kukho ukuhla okukhulu adhesion ukuba eziphathekayo uqinisekisa imali eliphezulu.

istro Expanded

formwork okusisigxina le nto yenziwa ukhuthazwa ekwakhiweni esezantsi-ukunyuka izindlu monolithic. It ibandla kusetyenziswa unxibelelwano phakathi zangaphandle kunye obusezintongeni iibhloko. Ke isakhiwo umbandela, nto ifana kakhulu zendalo. Sithetha kwixolo lomthi isivalo, equka micro-granules. Xa amagwebu njengoko le nto iba umphunga. Phakathi iimpawu zayo zezi zilandelayo:

• It alitsali beempuku kwaye izinambuzane.
• Ngaba kungonakalisi amanzi emhlabeni.
• It iyamelana ukufuma.
• Ukusuka kwindawo lwemichiza imbono - kuba cala.
• Not radioactive.

Le izinto zokwakha ithathwa ukuba akanangozi ngokupheleleyo. Ukusuka kokuba wenza ukuphakheja ambumbe, ngoko leyo ukusebenzisana kunye nokutya. Ngaphandle kukhangeleka ngathi amagwebu, kodwa iimpawu zabo zahlukile kakhulu. Xa inkqubo yemveliso umbandela ngoko phenol ethatyathwe ezingcolisa, kwakunye nezongezelelo ezizodwa kuqaliswa, ekhusela izinto ovuthayo.

iimpawu eziphambili beendonga

Design kumakhaya zakhiwa kule bugcisa, nabo babe neempawu zabo, zezi zilandelayo phakathi kwayo:

1. level II iyawulwa umlilo.
2. Umsindo - 53 dB.
3. ukufakwa kwamanzi Daily - 1%.
4. Ubushushu ukusasaza ngalinye 1 macala onke. m -. 3.2 K / W.
5. ezindongeni Mass undecorated - 340 kg nganye 1 macala onke. m.
6. ezakhiwe zenza - 30 cm.

Iimpawu nokudalwa shuttering esisigxina: scheme jikelele

Ukwakhiwa wendlu oku kubandakanya izigaba ezininzi, ezi zinto zilandelayo zingahlukaniswa phakathi kwabo:

1. Umele uqale ngo ukulungiswa eziphathekayo.
2. Ke lilungiselelwa formwork ngokwayo.
3. Ukuze Faka i eziphathekayo uzilungiselele.

formwork Further ukwakhiwa kufuneka ziphathwe nge udaka okhethekileyo. It ifakwe iindawo zecandelo (iingalo, imilenze kunye nezitshixo kokubonisa).

i algorithm

formwork Monolithic njengekonkile obuthululwayo, iphekwe. Kuyimfuneko ukuba alinde Ukuqinisa yesisombululo. Emva kwale formwork isusiwe, lo gama inxenye elisusekayo kuhlala injalo. Kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba ubushushu umaleko.

inkcazelo ebalulekileyo

Le formwork zokwakha monolithic kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukwahlula uyilo iziseko, imigangatho kunye neendonga. Ngako oko, ukufakela formwork yenziwa ngokwahlukileyo. Kwimeko ye isakhiwo esisetyenziselwa isiseko braces tye kunye namathambeka ezizodwa. Formwork ithetha umqulu okanye owawusisibonakude nezinye izinto. iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ukwenza isakhiwo monolithic, kuquka:

1. Steel.
2. Wood.
3. Aluminium.
4. Zeplastiki.

Umgangatho neempawu ngesakhiwo baxhomekeke ngqo kwi eziphathekayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, formwork esisigxina eyenziwe obukhulu istro amagwebu. Uyilo imele iiyunithi kunye iipleyiti ezimbini. Ixhume kubo kwo ezizinzileyo. Ezi ukuqanda abhalwe formwork ngexesha ukwakhiwa ngakumbi, uze uzaliswe eziphathekayo. Iinqwelomoya sele baxhotyiswa nezitshixo, apho kukho imilo ezintsonkothileyo. Kukho umkhondo into efana kwiibloko ibandla "zeLego". Le ndlela yokwakha eziluncedo ezininzi. Okokuqala, akukho mfuneko yokuba nokugcina izinto. Kwakhona ndazigcina parameters zejiyometri yeendonga. Ngaloo ndlela, a iikhompawundi uphawu.

Iimpawu formwork esisigxina

isakhiwo istro uthathwa ukuba kumphezulu othe tyaba. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, Kuvumelekile ukuqalisa ngoko nangoko entanjeni iindonga. Nangona kunjalo, naziphi na izinto zokwakha zingasetyenziswa. Ukugqiba iqhotyoshelwe yi ubuhlobo enamathelayo. Kwakhona kumzimba obubambekayo uthimbo ngomatshini angafakwa. Ukuba yenziwe formwork abasisigxina, xa inkqubo yokwakhiwa monolithic ngakumbi uhlobo eziphathekayo eludongeni. Kufuneka ibe usegumbini kunye nokugqunywa kobushushu ibhatyi kwi ngaphakathi kunye nangaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, ukwakheka ezipokothweni ebandayo ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa thermal ubushushu layer kubume ngaphandle monolithic biyela imiba engentle yokusingqongileyo. Oku kukwasebenza ebandayo. Lo maleko na umqobo phakathi umoya yothani, iindonga ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo ebekwe kwi sakhiwo.

The main lobubi

Ngelishwa, olu hlobo lokwakha ukongeza iingenelo kubakho nezingalunganga. Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba kuyabiza. Kwaye oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba iindleko. Kuya kuthatha kakhulu isixa ophucukileyo ukwakha indlu eqinileyo. Ixabiso 1 kV / m nganye - ukuqalela kwi-14 - 18 tys.r. Ukunyuka kwexabiso yokwakhiwa kungenxa izinto otelochnyh. Umzekelo indlu izitena monolithic. Iindleko imitha square kuyo nganye ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya 3.5 amawaka. Idola. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo yokwakha ngokwayo iya kuthatha kusekho ixesha elithile. Ngako oko, kokunikezelwa indlu kuya kufuneka alinde. ucwangciso Free ithathwa iphambili izakhiwo ezinjalo. Noko ke, loo nto ingqalelo inzuzo ekuzibonakaliseni. amakhaya enjalo kwahluka kakhulu ngembonakalo yabo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngaba intengiso ithi ukuba isakhiwo lwakhiwe ngokumalunga neprojekthi ngamnye, ukwakhiwa kwale kuyo nayiphi na imeko liqinile.