I Years War: izizathu zenkolo kunye nezopolitiko

I Years War - ungquzulwano yokuqala wamajoni obujikeleze ilizwe lonke elaseYurophu. Kwadlula amaqela amabini amakhulu inxaxheba: unit Habsburg (Austria-German kunye Habsburgs Spanish, lo ubulawuli yamaKatolika eJamani, ePoland) kunye anti-Habsburg angalawuliyo (Denmark, Sweden, France, lo ubulawuli amaProtestanti waseJamani, eNgilani, Holland, Russia). Ukutyalwa kwalo ungquzulwano negalelo zombini izizathu zenkolo kunye nezopolitiko.

izizathu zenkolo

"Iinkonzo War" - wesibini igama enkulu-impi yomkhosi, eyathatha ukususela 1618 ukuya 1648. Eneneni, IMfazwe Yeminyaka Engamashumi yaba lelona xesha abangcangcazelisi ukruthakruthwano phakathi amaKatolika namaProtestanti ngenkulungwane ye-17. Abantu abaninzi baqalisa iingalo ukuseka kakubi i "yenkolelo ekunene". Kwi nohlobo yonqulo zemfazwe kwaye zibonisa amagama ekuzimanyeni alwayo. Ngokukodwa, i-ongumProtestanti Evangelical Union wadala (1608), namaKatolika - League Catholic (1609).

Ubunzulu ukuzalana amaProtestanti namaKatolika zenzeka xa ngo 1617 i-Czech Republic enziwe ukumkani Ferdinand Styria, naye yindlalifa wonke oyiNgcwele bonke uBukhosi baseRoma. Waye umKatolika yaye akayi ukuthabatha umdla obuProtestante. Oku kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yayo. Ngenxa yoko, amaKatolika, wabanika amalungelo ezahlukeneyo kunye namalungelo amaProtestanti kuphela ngamandla. izithuba zikarhulumente ezingundoqo yelungu amaKatolika amaProtestanti, phezu koko, batshutshiswa. It babeyibekile umlomo ukubulawa Protestant unqulo. Ngenxa yokuligonyamela kwakho abaqhankqalazi baya amaKatolika. ukungqubana zonqulo kwakhona yaba zizinto eziqhelekileyo.

Konke oku kungentla neziphumo qhankqalazo e Prague wobuProtestanti May 23, 1618. Emva koko kwabakho "yesiBini Defenestration Prague": abavukeli abangamaProtestanti waziphosa ngaphandle kweefestile elinye iinqaba ngamagosa Prague Habsburg. Lwakutsha nje wasinda ngenxa kuphela yokuba yeyela umgquba. Kamva, yamaKatolika iCawa icacisa yosindiso lwabo esebenzisa iingelosi. Emva kwezi ziganeko umkhosi yamaKatolika enambuzelayo abavukeli. Ngaloo ndlela baqalisa Years War.

yezizathu zezopolitiko

Kodwa ke ezibangela ukuba Years War nje kuphela ezinxulumene nenkolo. wabonisa zezopolitiko kwembambano ngokwayo ngokucacileyo kumaxesha ezilandelayo yemfazwe (Swedish, Danish, kwaye nesiFrentshi kunye Swedish). Entliziyweni yayo yaba ukulwa kubungangamsha le Habsburgs. Umzekelo, Denmark kunye Sweden, wamkhusela umdla obuProtestante, wayeza kufumana inkokheli zopolitiko e Central Europe. Ukongeza, ezi mazwe waphila ukuphelisa sikhuphisana phezu iindlela elwandle wasentla.

I Years War negalelo ukuqhekezwa uBukhosi Habsburg, ngoko nkqu Catholic France inxenye amaProtestanti. Last ukoyika ekomelezeni ngokugqithisileyo uBukhosi kunye unamabango lomhlaba Southern Netherlands, Alsace, Lorraine, kwaye kumantla eItali. England naye ezama kunye Habsburgs elwandle. I Years War, izizathu apho wayelele kunqulo, natyeka kamsinya kwenye ngquzulwano zinkulu yaseYurophu yezopolitiko.