Ngubani amaRoma ebizwa bakhona? Kwakutheni ukuze amaRoma ekuthiwa bakhona esiJamani?

Abo amaRoma ngokuba bakhona, eyaziwa embalini njengesinye izizathu ekuweni kwalo mbuso enkulu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, eli gama liye Ndizuze efuziselayo, kwaye sele eze kuthetha umntu ningazi iluhlaza.

Imvelaphi yegama

Le etymology elithi "ngumbharbhari" nesinempandla zamaGrike. inguqulo yayo zokoqobo - "umntu ongamaziyo." Ngoko amaGrike ebizwa abemi kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo zaye zaphuhliswa kakhulu kangako. Kukholelwa ukuba eli gama kwavela njengoba onomatopoeic. Abasemzini bathetha ulwimi engaqhelekanga. AmaGrike zabo isandi zadityaniswa gibberish iyinto ukuphindaphindwa isandi esifanayo - "var".

Kamva Igama elifanayo wabonakala Latin. Kungenxa yoko le nto amaRoma ebizwa ngokuba bakhona zesiJamani. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yabemi balo bukhosi wathabatha phezu iimpawu ezininzi nenkcubeko yabantu oyiswe. AmaGrike amandulo - lo mzekelo iphawulekayo le "ilifa". Kubo amaRoma neentsomi ngandlel egqwethekileyo, amasiko nezithethe aloo mzi, kwakunye amagama amatsha athile kwi lwimi. Isimo abangabazi kweli lizwe, yaye kamva kwi uMbuso nokweya.

Ngubani amaRoma ebizwa bakhona? Celtic, baseJamani, Thracians, nokuxubana, AmaSkitiya, amaSarmatia, njalo njalo. D. Inkoliso yezi zizwe ababehlala kumntla bukhosi.

baseJamani

Baye baba yingxaki enkulu kuba impucuko waseRoma. Xa AD I leminyaka. e. Ezi zizwe bahlala kwintsimi enkulu phakathi iRhine - entshona, kunye Vistula - empumalanga. AmaJamani akazange waba luhlanga single - kwaba ibhola enkulu imibutho eyahlukeneyo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, indlela yabo yokuphila, ulwimi kunye nemikhwa ifana.

AmaJamani baba zasehlathini impi kakhulu. Abo amaRoma ngokuba bakhona, nemibutho imingcelele rhoqo nokuhlaselwa bukhosi. umda walo esemantla lo mlambo weDanube. On kweendonga zayo wakha iinqaba ezinqatyisiweyo, apho imikhosi quartered. Ngu inertia amaRoma kuqala wazama ukoyisa amaJamani, uwafake ukuba ubukhosi behlabathi.

La malinge wayeka emva kokuba Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. Idabi kwenzeka kunyaka-9. AmaJamani wawoyisa kwamabutho abathathu, waza ke ngokuxhoma Roma ngaphaya kwemida zayo ababhangayo. Ukusuka kule ndawo kwi umda phakathi kwezizwe usiba kunye nempucuko aphesheya.

Ubomi zezizwe zaseJamani

indlela izizwe zamandulo oobschestvenny, apho amaRoma ekuthiwa bakhona, wayengumzekelo ezaziwa zoluntu yezizwe. BaseJamani ezithile kuyimfazwe phakathi nezinye izibonelelo. Ingongoma yinguquko ubudlelwane babo amaRoma kwenzeka emva kokuba abalawuli baqalisa okuqesha bakhona emkhosini zabo. Maxa wambi oku kwenziwa bamabutho abavukeli, owaba imali eyaneleyo yegolide. AmaJamani kakhulu kuyo nayiphi nomkhosi. Babengamadoda okulwa ngqwabalala, ukhaliphe, banamandla kunalawo kumaphondo emazantsi bukhosi.

Ezinye mercenaries babefuna ukuphila phakathi Roma, efumana umvuzo. Bathatha inkcubeko yomnye umntu. Umzekelo wabo waba esosulelayo. AmaJamani, owayephila phakathi iRhine kunye Vistula, nazo ezifana negolide kunye nezinye iimpahla zamaRoma. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo ekungeneni kwabo bakhona embusweni banda kuphela, okwenza zobuzwe kwaye kwakhokelela neemfazwe.

Ukufudukela kwenye Great

Ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi amaJamani kunye amaRoma nokuba nzima ngakumbi xa isiphelo IV kwenkulungwane ye Imfuduko Enkulu. Ukususela empumalanga kwafika imfazwe Huns. Ezi mbuya bagxothwa yamazwana angaphambili nokuxubana. Ukongeza, ayehlasela Huns jitters amaJamani.

NgamaGoth baba enye izizwe ezinkulu kweli qela. Kulo nyaka 376 bawela iDanube, kwaye emva kokuba isigqibo * uKhesare Valens wazama ngcu kwintsimi waseRoma. Nangona kunjalo, lo ikhaya elitsha bakhona baphathwa kunye nentiyo yayo yonke azalwa. Oku kwabangela ukuba avukele. yaqala Ngoko ke imfazwe zwe. Abo amaRoma ngokuba bakhona woyisa umkhosi kaKesare. Oku kuye kwabangela ingxaki ixesha elide sikarhulumente.

Emva kwemfazwe Gothic kwi bukhosi bathontelana kunye nezinye izizwe amaqaba. Baye mhlawumbi baphanga okanye zifuna irhafu rhoqo. Abo ngokuba bakhona ngamaRoma, kwamaJuda kunye nemizi avuthayo. Edume kakhulu kunyaka 410 yaba kokuwa eRoma. Likomkhulu bukhosi yathinjwa wesizwe amaVisigoth ikhokelwa yi yinkokheli Alaric.

Ukuwa kwe-Emphaya yamaRoma

Emva koku atsho wadlulisa State amaphondo eseleyo baba ukuzikhusela bakhona. In eGaul (France yanamhlanje) weza Suevi kunye abonakalisi beprophathi. Izizwe ezininzi kuvuswe kunye. Ekugqibeleni, elinye eGaul amaJamani ezendeleyo - Franks kunye Burgundians. Bona baba lusungulo lwesizwe mihla French. Abonakalisi beprophathi ebuzinzisile kaloku ubukumkani babo kuMntla Afrika. Italy athatha Lombards. Ngowe-476 mercenaries German awazibhukuqayo wokugqibela waseRoma Awugusto othi, Romulus. Esi sixeko waqalisa ukulawula bakhona. Yaba ekupheleni uBukhosi baseRoma.

Ngelo xesha kwi ngasempuma kwimo yangaphambili Byzantine igcinwe. ikomkhulu lalo eConstantinople (Istanbul yanamhlanje). Amakhosi kaRhulumente ingqalelo ngokwabo ezihlangwini yabalawuli bamaRoma. AmaByzantine wazama ukubuyela eItali, nangona akuphumelelanga. Bathetha ngesiGrike. Abalawuli ukuthenga off bakhona ngoncedo yegolide. Inxenye ke kubo basiwa umkhosi. Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela, uBukhosi baseByzantium ikwazile ukusinda Ukufuduka Omkhulu kunye nezinye ungquzulwano kunye bakhona. Urhulumente waze-1453, xa eConstantinople yathinjwa baseTurkey.

nokuxubana

Oonyana bolunye uhlanga zange baseJamani kuphela. Oko amaRoma ekuthiwa bakhona abantu, ukongeza kubamelwane yayo wasentla? Ukongeza amaJamani, nabo baba nokuxubana, owayehlala ukuya ngasempumalanga kuwo. Ngexesha lamaRoma kwazeka emva Ukufuduka Omkhulu. Phantsi yengcinezelo evela Huns nokuxubana safudukela ngasentshonalanga mazwe abo yoqobo.

Bathabatha indawo enkulu i oder River ukuya efikelela kuyo iVolga. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngezizathu iilwimi nokuxubana bohlulwa babe ngamaqela ezintathu eziphambili (entshonalanga, emazantsi nasempuma). Ngabo abo amaRoma ngokuba bakhona. Izizwe, abangafundanga, bekusekho nabahedeni. Efumene nenqwaba lawo elikhethekileyo woothixo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo nokuxubana esamkelwa ubuKristu, kodwa emva kokuwa uBukhosi baseRoma. indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo ebidlalwe yi Byzantium.

amasiko Old lenqaba

uluntu Old lenqaba sakhiwa izithethe yamanyange. Uninzi izigqibo ezithatyathwe a Chamber. Yaba intlanganiso kawonke apho wonke umntu unelungelo lokuvota. Kanye amaJamani, i nokuxubana ziye zohlulwa inani elikhulu zobumbano yezizwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngexesha ethnogenesis elide kunye nezintsonkothileyo zenza iintlanga mihla.

Zonke nokuxubana, ngaphandle izibonda, Czechs kwaye Croats esamkelwa ubuKristu eConstantinople isampula. Abanye abaye bangenela yamaKatolika iCawa eRoma. Kunye ubuKristu phakathi kwabona ukuba oonobumba yakhe. Kwakhona ngaphambili saya neentlobano yezizwe. Xa Ekuqaleni kuMbindi Ages nokuxubana omusha yabo kazwelonke. Ekugqibeleni Ezinye nabalawuli wathatha isiqu ukumkani imodeli Koloni.