I waseRoma ngexesha ebukumkanini Antonine ubukhosi

WamaRoma, obe kangangeenkulungwane 16 wabona abaninzi abalawuli: i madcap, oozwilakhe, enobulungisa, ukhohlakele. Noko ke, elo xesha ibalulekileyo ukusekwa kunye nophuhliso lizwe ithathwa ukuba ulawulo ubukhosi ekuthiwa Antonine, wehla embalini njenge "age zegolide uBukhosi baseRoma." kanye igama ubukhosi lisuka kwigama yoMlawuli - Antonina Piya, belawula lizwe 86 161 iminyaka BC

Ngokutsho kwizithethe eRoma ilifa amandla, belawula urhulumente uMlawuli kwafuneka ukuba amkele receiver yayo. Emva kokufa 'tata' njengonyana waba ngumlawuli lizwe. Ngoko ke, ngo-98 BC LoMlawuli waseRoma waye unyana bezithanga baseRoma amanene, umphathi Mark uTrajan, owaba waduma ngenxa yobulungisa bakhe nokugcina olucokisekileyo lomthetho. Phakathi impumelelo eziphambili uTrajan - ukunyamekela amahlwempu nabasweleyo, uloyiso kwi Dacian Iimfazwe, ukoyisa ye kunxweme iDanube, njl Ubomi babantu bonke phantsi uTrajan waba elilinganisiweyo ngakumbi yaye ezolile, uBukhosi baseRoma wayeka zixhomekeke izinto isonka yaseYiputa kwaye kakade ukondla abantu bayo.

Enye nani eziphawulekayo ebukumkanini Antonine ubukhosi wayelawula-sobulumko Marko Avrely (161-180 GG) enza ngokubhala izincoko malunga nomba ingqondo yoluntu kunye nokulingana kwabantu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Mark Avrely abazalwa abantu belizwe lakhe, kungekhona kwisifundo, kodwa njengabantu simahla kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

Ngexesha lokulawula yoMlawuli-chelovekolyubtsa sobulumko yena labasibekela yi ekuhlaseleni izizwe zamaJamani, okanye njengoko bababiza bakhona eRoma. Hi ndlela leyi, amaRoma wabiza bakhona, kwizizwana zonke musa ukuthetha isiLatini okanye isiGrike, kwaye zibekwe kumgangatho ophantsi kophuhliso. Gauls kunye baseJamani, abahlala kummandla Central kunye Northern Europe, nabo phakathi neempucuko ningatyhafi kwinqanaba kuphuhliso eRoma. Imfazwe kunye nezizwe alwayo yayiqhubeka iminyaka eliqela kwaye yaphela kuphela imvume kuhlala zesiJamani imimandla aseRoma Danubian.

Umlawuli yokugqibela zebhola ye uBukhosi baseRoma waba ULucius Aurelius Commodus, owaba intshutshiso adumileyo eNdlu yeeNgwevu elinonokazi; athimba impahla ngondlela-mnyama. Amarhamente kunye Nabaxhasi Commodus bangamajoni eziqhelekileyo Abalindi, kuzamkelela Iinkonzo babo umvuzo ophucukileyo. Eyaziwa ngokuba ukuchitha wakhe umlawuli, kunye nomsetyenzana yakhe iphambili - ngokuthatha inxaxheba esekisini imidlalo indima yokuba gladiator, nefuthe elibi kwi imeko yobuncwane karhulumente. Service in German, Dacian kunye amajoni aseBritani zahlawulwa ngaphantsi kakhulu emkhosini kwikomkhulu. Kokubona abantu liye lenyuka ngakumbi xa umlawuli wathi yena unyana uthixo Jupiter kunye uMofokeng ungumRoma, efuna ukubona ulwalamano kaThixo. I koMlawuli Commodus bulawa iyelenqe phakathi izifundo kunyaka 192. Kunye nokufa kwakhe iphelile iminyaka segolide kuphuhliso lwelizwe, ebuncwaneni ndiyimfe, kwaye uBukhosi baseRoma waya ukwehla. Nangona phambi sokonakalisa ngurhulumente wayekade ixesha elingekho ngaphantsi kweminyaka engamakhulu amabini, esi siganeko ayikwazanga kuba nefuthe kwindlela lizwe sahlukana saziinxalenye eNtshona naseMpuma. Western uBukhosi baseRoma waze kunyaka 476, East waqhekeza kwiinkulungwane ezilishumi kamva, ngowe-1453, emva kokuba ayihlasela ye baseTurkey.

Namhlanje isizathu nenokuthenjwa ekuweni uBukhosi baseRoma akazange amise de kube sekupheleni. Kwelinye icala, ilizwe elikhulu, uboyisa intsimi entsha, ayikwazanga kunigqibela kuphele. Kwaye phezu kwelinye, ihlabathi amalungiselelo ukwenzela ukuba urhulumente ukuhamba-hamba, kodwa kwimbali yoluntu cishe akukho isiphumo. Namhlanje, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba ekuweni uBukhosi baseRoma kwakuthetha, mhlawumbi, hayi ekumeni ngokubakho karhulumente ethile, yaye ukumisa ubukho impucuko yamandulo.