Fyodor Ivanovich Shubin, nomkroli: engobomi, umsebenzi

Fedot Ivanovich Shubin - a nomkroli, wazalelwa ngoMeyi 1740 kusapho yamahlwempu. Uyise, Ivan Arkhangelsk Pomor Afanasyevitch wanxiba nje elinye igama - isikhumba idyasi. Yena na serf, kwaba ithambo ukufunda kakuhle kunqunyulwa. Kwakungenxa izifundo zakhe kwaye siyifumene a nomkroli odumileyo Fedot Shubin. Igama lakhe walitshintsha kancinane kamva ukwamkelwa Academy of Arts.

Indlela kwenzeka

Fedot Shubin, unyana umlimi wakhe, nomkroli, phantse ukuphinda indlela countryman yakhe enkulu University, kodwa ngaphandle lemka kwezobugcisa kunye nenzululwazi, wafunda kuphela eRashiya, kodwa eFransi eItali, ngobuchule kakuhle nangokukrola ibhastile. Phakathi abakroli-mfanekiso yena ngenene ayilungelelene. utata wakhe wayengekho kuloo kuphela umnini ngenzondelelo - ixesha kwaye lokuloba kunye zokulima olimekayo, kodwa wasebenza unina pearl nethambo, bevula izinto yokonwabisa ngokwenene umdla.

Kwaye ke utitshala uya kuthiwa abanetalente. Yaba nguye owafundisa nokubhala Lomonosov oselula. Yaye umfundi wakhe mkhulu akayilibalanga umcebisi wokuqala. Ngowe-1759, Ivan Afanasievich isikhumba ingubo wafa, kunye nonyana wakhe, abancinane, ikamva Fedot Shubin, nomkroli kunye ngokuzalwa kunye ubizo, waya iintlanzi nqwelo olufanayo uloliwe oya elikomkhulu, kufutshane countryman Lomonosov. Iminyaka emibini, lo mfana wafunda Petersburg, kungekhona indlala, kuba ngokulula wonqanyulwa fan, iibhokisi zaso, bamanqatha kunye nezinye yabeka izinto - ukuba uyakholiswa ziintombi. Lidilizwe iimveliso zayo yaye usoloko ekulungele ukuhlawula olukhulu.

isikolo semfundo ethile ephakamileyo

Lomonosov Ndavuya kangcono, unyana ka utitshala wakhe wokuqala, yaye ngo-1761 fedotov wangena Academy of Arts. Izintlu yayo iye phantsi igama elitsha abafundi, yaye igama fedotov, i Fedor nangenxa wegcisa ngokululama Waphendula igama Fedot Shubin. Nomkroli kuyo ekuqaleni wabonwa abanetalente, nayo yonke enye into akazange kubaluleke kakhulu kuye. Nkqu Bala Shuvalov wamangaliswa umsebenzi wokuqala umfana naye ukubukelwa ngokuzimisela kakhulu. Ngakumbi ukuba ekuqaleni izifundo nomkroli Russian Shubin kunye nezinto aphesheya ngokungxamisekileyo. Yena rhoqo udunyiswa kuphela indumiso evela kootitshala, kodwa amabhaso.

Ngowe-1766 yena luvelise BAS-isiqabu ngalo mbandela, ukuhlala kufuphi zonke - "ukubulawa Askold kunye Dir," nto leyo nje wawongwa ye Molteno Gold Ozukileyo, kodwa umbhali wafumana wabanumzana buqu kwaye uluhlu igosa wokuqala - ". Isiqinisekiso ekreleni" Ngelishwa, ixesha uye kuthi nje ukuba lizaliseke Shubin nomkroli, abaninzi imisebenzi yakhe, ingakumbi kwezemfundo, iye yalahleka. iimbekiselo ezininzi kunye neenkcazelo Izithombe ezintle uhlobo "Oreshnitsa kunye neenkozo zepistasi", "Valdayka kunye ivili" kunye nabanye, kodwa asiyi kubona namacici zabo.

Paris

Kuba ukuziphatha ngokuqaqambileyo, ukunyaniseka kunye inkqubela Fyodor Shubin, a nomkroli, waye pooschron uhambo eParis ngo-1767 kunye neqela ezifana ipenshini (Fellows) uya France phantsi kogcino unozakuzaku Russian Golitsyn, indoda bakhanyiselwa, inkqubela, umthandi kunye Connoisseur ubugcisa, ngaphandle - umxhasi. Kwakhona Golitsyn yazisiwe kwaye Fedor Ivanovich Shubin, a nomkroli Russia, kunye odumileyo Diderot, obeyindoda umhlobo, waza wacebisa ootitshala uJean-Baptiste Pigalle.

Yaba sisigqibo sobulumko. Ngenxa Pigalle ukudala kuphela Ukuqamba ezintle wentsomi yaye yimizekeliso, leyo Shubin nomkroli isebenza owalathisa bakhe, kodwa wadala kwengeniso abonakale sengqiqweni kakhulu. Yiloo nto kuba Shubin yaba ezintsha fresh, ibe kamva weza kuye udumo.

uqeqesho lwezakhono

Ukusebenza ku studio nge Pigalle, Fedot Afanasievich zikotshwa zikhutshelwe ngononophelo kwaye mihla sculpture French eqingqiweyo antique, kwaye kukho ezininzi ngumthi ochweliweyo Imizobo BAS-isiqabu Poussin kunye Raphael, kwaye ingakumbi elininzi ixesha olisebenzisileyo ukusebenza nendalo.

Phantse wonke ngokuhlwa Fedor Shubin nomkroli waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe kwiklasi ngokupheleleyo Academy of Arts Fine e Paris, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha abalahlekileyo kulo lonke ihlabathi yaye Royal Library, yaye studio kukho nomkroli odumileyo French. Ngamanye amaxesha wabhala iincwadi ngamava zabo, abanye bade namhlanje uyakwazi ukufunda, bamangaliswa, unyana Student yamahlwempu inzondelelo yakhe. Uyise, uIvan Shubin, a nomkroli, kakhulu, mhlawumbi kakuhle wakhangela phantsi koko ucandisa unyana wakhe. Wathi ke unyana wenza lukhulu, a lot. Kwaye iminyaka emithathu idlule njalo.

Italy

A uqeqesho seminyaka emithathu-eParis yaphela, kodwa Fedot oku ngokucacileyo ngokwaneleyo, waza ke wacela imvume evela Academy ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe eRoma waza waya kumkhawulela abasemagunyeni. Yaba ixesha indalo kakhulu yimpumelelo. Fyodor Shubin, nomkroli, ogama imisebenzi mangaza nokuba abaphila kunye nobuchule bakhe yaye ichaneke transmission portrait umlinganiswa, wadala 1771, enemifanekiso yabantu Shuvalov kunye Golitsyn.

Ngoku kwi Tretyakov Igalari. Okunye umsebenzi - umhlola ka uCatherine emarmore Enkulu ucime nempumelelo nangona ayiphume indalo. Abazalwana Orlov, oluthandayo uKumkanikazi, ngoko nangoko wayalela Shubin zabo, yaye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu odolo zazo kuye kubulawa. UMkroli eqingqiweyo le kwengeniso ngendlela yakhe ezisezantsi-ezingundoqo, nto leyo esele enobungangamsha notyekelo olusengqiqweni.

Ukuhamba

Ngesinye isihlandlo, ke, ayihlali Shubin, ngo-1772 waqalisa uhambo wale abalimi odumileyo Demidovs Italy. E Bologna Ndayeka benza umsebenzi ngenxa omdala eYurophu Academy Shubin wenza academician saso wamwisela idiploma.

Summer 1773rd Demidov a nomkroli ukhwele eYurophu kwakhona, eli xesha eLondon. Kodwa Shubin sele kakhulu ndagqobhoza of Russia, ngomhla kwakude kudala ekhohlo, abahlobo kunye nabaxhasi, yaye ngoko nangoko emva kohambo umva ukuya eSt Petersburg.

ekhaya

Ngowe-1775 Kwathi ukuba zikhanyise enye yezona ncwadi zobungangamela nomkroli Shubin. Le umhlola of Prince Golitsyn, Catherine uzowenza brilliant, iingangamsha abafundileyo, yaza yahluzwa yehlabathi kunye nobunzima kakhulu, ezikrelekrele. Kwaye namhlanje siya kuqwalasela lo msebenzi kwi udaka kwiNtetho Museum Russian, nezemarmore - kwi Tretyakov Igalari. Shubin Indlela amakhulu ukubonakala odiniweyo kancinane indoda ezidala kunye ingqiqo ezolileyo ungcono kunabanye phezu kwabanye, zombini ekhululekile kwaye entliziyweni!

emphethweni Jets iimpahla kwaye kubonakala ukuba ihamba, ujikelezo enamandla kangaka emagxeni nentloko laso. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kule ibhastile. Stone ukuba ukuphefumla kukufumana ngaphandle master isixhobo. Falcone ngokwakhe nixhamle msebenzi. Kunyaka ongaphambili, ngoSeptemba 1774 lokuqala, i-Academy of Arts kwanyanzeleka ukuba ndaphule charter yayo. Isihloko academician zange yanikwa artist, ukuba umsebenzi wakhe akwenziwanga umthwalo zembali okanye nangqondo. In Shubin umfanekiso bohlobo kwakhe uCatherine Omkhulu ngelo xesha kwakukho babengenawo uhlobo okanye elinye. Kodwa kwisihloko academician awayifumanayo.

yoma

Ezi iminyaka echumayo. Kuye owadala portraits ezininzi, kunye Shubin wasebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu: inyanga - a umhlola. Le nomkroli iye uthandwa kakhulu phakathi kuluntu ophezulu uluntu, ukuya efanayo - luthandwa ze uKumkanikazi. Ukususela abathengi kwakungekho ukukhululwa. ubonwa nomkroli waba ezizodwa, kunye nengqiqo - nzulu iingcinga yi - alipheli. Wayekwazi ixesha ngalinye ukufumana izisombululo ezitsha - kungekhona iimpawu zangaphandle, kodwa isiqulatho engaphakathi, uhlobo imodeli. Shubin nomkroli akazange iyaphindwa imisebenzi yakhe.

Lonke uluntu aphezulu St. Petersburg ngaloo minyaka bunokubonwa eni. Apha inkundla lady Maria Panina. Yintoni ubabalo, yintoni ayive! Kwaye yintoni ikratshi, yintoni umkhuhlane! Nokuba zingaphi Umyalelo! Apha Marshal - alimwi odumileyo Rumyantsev. Akukho kancinane ihonjiswe, nangona ingubo eRoma-drapeable. Kwaye siyabona ukuba bomelele, njani lo mntu ebalulekileyo. Kwaye lo mfanekiso yentloko zonke izazinzulu VG Orlova nomkroli isigqebelo hits le ndawo. Nguye oyingqwangangqwili, i Shubin. Akukho ekunene Orlov waya the Academy of Sciences, uthi. Nomntu onjalo! Asinto ukuba unaloo yobuyatha, bubudenge ngokupheleleyo nokuzibonakalisa osileyo bobuso.

Okunye malunga nomsebenzi

Le umhlola Ibonisa IS mveliso Barishnikova zizityebi. Le oyibonayo nazi, hayi ukwazi, unako ndiyaqonda look usomashishini noqoqosho lwabanobuqhophololo. Sele kule minyaka yokuqala, kudala ngaphambi kokuba abathululi, singathetha ngayo umxholo lwezentlalo umculi. A umzobo UNobhala of State Zavadsky, ngokuchaseneyo, ebonisa zonke uvakalelo ezikumila romantic, nkqu wayikrola nale meko - fast, eNamandla. Of umdla oluthile "Portrait Yomntu", apho, njengoko kubonakala, iingcinga ezininzi ezifihlakeleyo nolangazelelo wegcisa wavula wasemzini. Ukubunjwa sizinzile, zomzekelo soft - konke efane nzulu ngazo neendlela zokucinga.

A elikhulu kakhulu, sinokuthi - umsebenzi omninzi sele wenziwe Shubin kwiminyaka yoo-ngeminyaka. N Velikaya wayiyala uthotho BAS-imikrolo, inani amahlanu anesibhozo, ububanzi of malunga asixhenxe cm. portraits Marble yona ukuba iholo Round e Chesma komkhulu, kodwa ngoku ingakhangelwa Izikrweqe. Bona ibonisa abathetheli yaye walawula umntu eRashiya - yonke into ukusuka Rurik ukuya eBhayi.

yee-

ngoku ke nomkroli ephathiswe umsebenzi omninzi kusekho ezinkulu ngakumbi nzima ngexesha ngalinye. Noko ke, wenza ngokunamathelene-. Inkululeko kunye kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo Palace Marble, lo yamangcwaba eqingqiweyo emarmore emhlophe Jikelele Golitsyn ukuba Alexander Nevsky Monastery kunye Emnye Cathedral, kodwa mnye kuphela Pandora ukusuka ndachithelwa esikhulu Peterhof yinto ixabisa! Kodwa ke kwengeniso ngobude akazange aphume. E Kuskovo, Sheremetyev ngezinto zezindlu zooyise, uyakwazi ukubona umsebenzi obalaseleyo Shubin, ngubani zazibonisa umnini ebhotwe.

Iba ngathi umzobo Jikelele Michelson, kunye medallion kunye neprofayili ka uCatherine Omkhulu kunye umhlola wakhe oqingqiweyo (yonke into zigcinwa Russian Museum). Ngaphandle kumi nomfanekiso uKumkanikazi "trendsetter" kumsebenzi ka Shubin, apho uvezwa uMinerva. Abantu kunye amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu ezibe nomsebenzi uyolo, kodwa uKumkanikazi akazange ukubonisa nayiphi na impendulo - akukho fees, akukho ukukhuthaza nomkroli akakakwamkeli. Kwaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu umdla ubuchule Shubin baba kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kubuna.

Isiphelo sendlela

Engamashumi amathandathu anesihlanu wahlala ihlabathi elimangalisayo nomkroli Shubin. biography emfutshane kuyo ngakumbi ngathi inkcazelo ngendlela enobuchule, waba kakhulu kangangokuba kumsebenzi ebomini bakhe. Apha e Bologna Shubin - UNjingalwazi Emeritus, kwaye eSt Petersburg - namnye konke konke. Kwaye oko kuthetha into enye kuphela: alinde kuba akukho namnye ngaphandle kwakho lingenako ukuhlawulela imali yakho oda. Kwaye ke umyalelo awekho kwaye baphila ixesha elide ngaphezu koko. Umpeyinti nomkroli akanakuze lihlwempu, njengoko iimbongi neemvumi, ngoko abasayi kuba nako ukuyila. iibhrashi zepeyinti eninzi kunene, canvases. Kwathi nezemarmore! Ewe, ityatyekwe ...

Shubin uthethelela ngoncedo Prince Potemkin ukuya Academy of Arts, indawo unjingalwazi eklasini imikrolo. iileta ezimbini azikho. Emva koko ke nomkroli zithunyelwe ngqo uKumkanikazi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, impendulo safunyanwa kunye nendawo uprofesa kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphandle kwemali! A U Shubina intsapho enkulu, kufuneka iqulathe. Sebenza ukuba akayeki, nangona ukuba lo mbono uqalisa kumkhanyela.

nineties

Imisebenzi le minyaka bade qhalo ngakumbi malunga italente nomkroli ngayo. Wayengazange Yena embellish lwendalo imisebenzi yakhe, kwaye ngoku imifanekiso eziyinyani wadala ingakumbi ngokucacileyo kuluphawu umsebenzi wakhe. Oku umzobo Admiral Chichagova - njani suharom iphelelwe lixesha ukhangela le joni! Le sybarite umhlola Potemkin - ibonisa ukuba ezilungileyo natured, kodwa ngekratshi, abanekratshi, phantse bayazinyelisa. Esi pedant, intloko Academy of Arts Betskoi iMeya Chulkov ... elichaza a kakhulu, kakhulu abemaninzi khona ngeli xesha.

umsebenzi Recent

ekhululekile kakhulu elichaza Lomonosov, leyo Shubin inkumbulo sidalwe 1792. Kuyo akukho gram enye nezikhulu, noqhankqalazo lobu babeka, kulula ukulwenza kwaye yedemokhrasi kokubini ifomu kunye nokwakhiwa, ngokunjalo kwi umlando ingqondo! Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wobugcisa oluyinyaniso kule minyaka wenza umfanekiso hayi okhanyayo countryman kunye umhlola werhuluneli kwakhona. Oku Paul I - abanekratshi, abandayo, ngenkohlakalo, ngaxeshanye buhlungu nokubandezeleka. Shubin othuke nokuba ingqiqo yakhe, kodwa uPawulos lo msebenzi eninzi kunene. Kodwa kuphela nje. Ngo 1797 i imeko Shubin waba nzima kakhulu. Koko wabakhuthaza ukuba Academy kuPawulos, ngoko, nonyaka kamva, emva kule Akhademi. Ndabuza kakhulu kancinane: i indlu breech kunye amakhandlela kunye iinkuni, kuba kwakungekho nto aphile. Impendulo yaba cwaka kwakhona.

Ngowe-1801, indlu nomkroli wayitshisa kwaye umasifundisane kunye yakhe ngemisebenzi - ezigqityiweyo okanye hayi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho izithonga wekamva akakwazi ukwenza olu tshintsho lomculi ngokwakhe. Enye imisebenzi zakutshanje - umhlola ka-Alexander Omkhulu. Umntu eyinzwana, kodwa bonke ubuhle kwakhona kuyabanda, diki kwakhona. Lo msebenzi igcinwa kwi Voronezh Regional Museum. Ukumkani yale nomkroli bohlobo wamnika umsesane kunye nekalikedo. Ke wawuxhokonxa Academy - wamnika indlu, namakhandlela. Ngowe-1803 kakade. Kungekudala, ngomthetho loMlawuli Shubin njingalwazi ongahlawuli echongiweyo. Kodwa kakhulu emva kwexesha. NgoMeyi 1805 yayingeyiyo nomkroli emangalisayo. ukufa kwakhe bothuka xa kungekho namnye hayi yitile. Kuba ngoku sonke ngenxa ukufa kabuhlungu kule ndoda kabuhlungu kunye neentloni.