Le abakroli edume kakhulu kwihlabathi kunye nomsebenzi wabo. nomkroli Famous Russian

Indalo wokuqala anokuthi ngokuba Umfanekiso ukuvela ngamaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali yaye izithixo, waqubuda yi ookhokho bethu. Kule amakhulu idlulileyo amawaka eminyaka ubugcisa sculpture lifikelele eziphakamileyo nanto, yaye namhlanje singabona obukhulu yokwenene, usoloko bayinqule iindwendwe abadlulayo-by kwi olondolozo lwembali nasezitratweni kwizixeko ezininzi ehlabathini. Ngoko ke ngubani abaculi abaziwayo Russian angaphandle of zaphawula ezahlukeneyo unokufaka ibango ukuba igama lakhe ezithathwa nje "abakroli ezaziwayo-kakuhle," yaye ezinye izenzo zabo ziqukiwe kule mali segolide art hlabathi?

abakroli Famous zehlabathi lamandulo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ubugcisa sculpture laqala kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, njengoko oko kungqinwa ilitye ezininzi nodongwe imifanekiso-ntathu abantu, izilwanyana kunye nezidalwa wasentsomini, wafumana ngexesha ngabembi bezinto. Kakade ke, akukho bani waziyo ukuba ungubani na ababhali babo, kodwa imbali aye wayilondoloza ngayo amagama kwezinye abakroli labakhulu elisetyenziweyo nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba ukususela BC ngenkulungwane ye-14. e. kwaye phambi kokuba AD Ngenkulungwane yoku-1. e.

Umzekelo, umbuzo malunga ngubani na abakroli edume kakhulu kwihlabathi lamandulo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, qiniseka ukuba akhankanye nomkroli enkulu amandulo aseYiputa Thutmose Junior. Wayesebenza kwinkundla uFaro Akhenaten, waza wadala enye imisebenzi edume ngobugcisa Amarna xesha - umhlola ka UKumkanikazi uNefertiti. ulwazi kakhulu kukho malunga ngubani na abakroli edume yamandulo thuba Greece neRoma. Ngokukodwa, inkosi kunye Critius Nesiot sidalwe BC ngenkulungwane 5. e. kuqamba Obusemagqabini Garmody Aristogiton ukuba kamva ngaphezu kwakanye waphefumlela abakroli emva kwexesha. ubekwe Nkqu enkulu nangobungcibi Umfanekiso wenza Phidias omkhulu, ngubani na ke umbhali yawo kaZeyus ngegolide kunye ngeempondo zeendlovu, ithathwa njengenye yemimangaliso zehlabathi lamandulo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lobugcisa bamandulo, nto leyo yenziwa abakroli abaziwayo ezifana Scopas, Praxiteles kunye Lysippos, wadala babizwa ngokuba Amahashe of Saint Mark. Ke ukuba abakroli baseRoma, uninzi indalo zabo, ezifana odumileyo Apollo Belvedere, ziikopi originals zamaGrike.

abakroli Famous zehlabathi; kumaXesha Aphakathi

Njengoko usazi, ekuqaleni kwethuba yezembali ukuba emva kokuwa i-Western uBukhosi baseRoma, kwakungelilo ixesha ilungileyo kuphuhliso zobugcisa. Yiyo loo nto kungekho misebenzi ingakumbi ezibalulekileyo vutshila sculpture webhunga 5-12 kwiinkulungwane th, namhlanje ayaziwa. Ngethamsanqa, ekuhambeni kwexesha bumisela icawa ukuba buthathaka, kwaye kwakukho ekroliweyo yezithunywa abangcwele nabalawuli, ogama ababhali aye avuma ukuba kude izinqumo engqongqo yobugcisa zonqulo wenze indalo yabo nempilo ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, singakwazi ukunciphisa iinkosi ezifana uyise nonyana pisano, owayesebenza ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-13 nasekuqaleni 14. Kakade ke, xa kufikwa ngubani na abakroli edume kakhulu kwexesha Gothic, asikwazi kubizwa ngokuba uAdam okwakhiwa wadala isibingelelo obutofotofo Tetzel Chapel.

Art Umfanekiso Renaissance

Mhlawumbi ayikho umntu na ukuba ngubani na abakroli edume kunye nemisebenzi yabo kwexesha Renaissance. Ngapha koko, kweli xesha ziquka ngemisebenzi efana nomfanekiso kaDavide kwaye i Pieta ngu kaMichelangelo, ikopi yayo ezihonjiswe namaKatolika kulo lonke ihlabathi, kwakunye lesikhumbuzo ku Gattamelata ngu Donatello and "Perseus" Benvenuto Cellini. Ngcungela French kubalulekile ukuphawula Zhana Guzhona kunye Germain Pilon, owayesebenza phantsi kwempembelelo oogxa Italian.

iinkosi eyaziwayo sculpture kwenkulungwane ye-18

Umzekelo kakuhle khona ubugcisa sculpture amaxesha mihla yayingeyiyo iTrevi Fountain kwi Palazzo Poli eRoma, ingqalelo omnye iisimboli kwikomkhulu Italian. Le exhaswa yi Nicola Salvi kunye Pietro Bracci owenza inani weNeptune kunye Triton. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 asebenza kunye Antonio Canova, edume amangcwaba ayo soopopu, kwakunye kakuhle ezaziwa abakroli evela eFransi UEdmond Bouchardon kunye Zhan Batist Pigall. Wona ke Iingcungela yaseBritani, phakathi kwazo ezi trio yokuqala ekuzezi Dzhona Flaksmana, Iosifa Nollekensa noTomas Banks.

Umfanekiso yaseYurophu kwinkulungwane ye-19

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela yabalasela imbonakalo iinkwenkwezi ngokudangazela kwihlabathi imikrolo - Bertel Thorvaldsen, owathi ngo-1803 thaca kuluntu yayo "Jason". Emva bt ihlabathi elikhulu, waba zithandwa kakhulu inkosi odumileyo abathengi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kwaye kakhulu ubomi yayo emide lokudala oqingqiweyo Ukuqamba ezininzi ezibalaseleyo eni zabantu abadumileyo. Ngokukodwa, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba friezes enkulu, obonisa nezigigaba Aleksandra Makedonskogo, wadala ngo-1812 ngenxa umhombiso i Quirinal Palace.

Xa ucinga umbuzo ngubani na abakroli edume kunye nemisebenzi yabo kwenkulungwane ye-19, omnye bokuqala qatha engqondweni ligama Auguste Rodin. Yaye akumangalisi, kuba indalo yakhe "Le njengomntwana onengqondo" yaye "Le Kiss 'zibonwa obukhulu kakhulu yobugcisa yehlabathi. Njengoko kuba iinkosi of Umfanekiso eJamani, okulufaneleyo ukukhankanywa into L. Shvantaler owadala imisebenzi emininzi ophawulekayo azihombise amabhotwe kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo eMunich.

Abakroli 20-21 eminyaka

Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, isithethe iinkosi enkulu Italian waqhubeka Dzhakomo Mantsu, edume indalo yakhe "Isango of Death", ngenxa Cathedral of St Peter eRoma. Ukongeza, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye amagcisa ezifana Zhak Lipshits kunye Osip Tsadkin, owayesebenza isimbo surrealist. Uhlobo ka "uninzi abakroli abadumileyo zehlabathi" libhekisela Alberto Giacometti, wadala 1961, umsebenzi of 'umntu ohamba ", nto leyo liqikelelwa kwi Sotheby ngowe-million 104,3 US zeerandi. Phakathi abakroli zenkulungwane yama-20 emva kwexesha, oku kwakhona sikhankanye Fernando Botero, Lynn Chadwick Barri Flanagana kunye.

Famous abakroli emakhulwini Russia 18-19

Thetha malunga ubugcisa Umfanekiso eRashiya akukho mfuneko pre-Petrine era, kuba nje ukuba asikho. St. Petersburg base wasenza sicinge nihombisa iingxande zakhe ezinde kunye nezikwere eqingqiweyo, njengoko eqhelekileyo kumazwe aseYurophu, ngoko enkundleni waqalisa ukumema amagcisa amazwe. Ngoko ke, lo abakroli yokuqala eyaziwayo "Russian" ningabasemzini. Ngokomzekelo, seva obala eziliqela, zimngcikiva uyise elizayo womzobi enkulu - K. Rastrelli.

Emva kokusekwa Academy of Arts uCatherine II apho waqalisa baqeqeshwe kunye eRashiya. Ngokukodwa, kule minyaka wobukumkani bakhe baba ngoovulindlela abalaseleyo ubugcisa domestic sculpture njengoko F. Shubin kunye M. Kozlovsky kunye F. Gordeev, owadala uSamson odumileyo. Ingakumbi a lot of artists anetalente kwavela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngokukodwa, ngeli xesha wadala ezaziwayo-kakuhle abakroli Russian ezifana M. M. Antokolsky - umbhali le lesikhumbuzo kuPetros Omkhulu e Peterhof, AM Opekushin, P. Velionsky kunye I. N. Shreder.

Art Umfanekiso kwexesha waseSoviet nasemva Soviet

Enye yezona ncwadi selo sculpture kwesiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, Kakade ke, lo lesikhumbuzo Yaduma Vera Mukhina "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" - wavuma isemagqabini ngokoqobo lwentlalo. Akukho umdla kangako kunye nomsebenzi E. Vutechicha owadala "Oligorha umkhululi" for Berlin kaThixo Treptow Park kunye nomfanekiso edumileyo "Le looMawokhulu", kunye M. Anikushina - nombhali lesikhumbuzo A. P. Chehovu kunye Pushkin, elathi laseka waba eLeningrad ngo-1957.

Njengoko ngubani na abakroli edume Russian kwexesha post-eSoviet, mhlawumbi, kufuneka ibhekiswe, iErnst Unknown, lowo waqala umsebenzi wakhe izihlandlo Soviet, kwanyanzeleka ukuba kwamanye amazwe eUnited States, kunye nomsebenzi wayo kakhulu - "Vuvu of Usizi" Magadan kuba sisikhumbuzo wamaxhoba zocindezelo kaStalin - sidalwe 1996. Enye inkosi imikrolo, iye ngokubanzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje - Shemyakin, phakathi imisebenzi efanele ukukhankanywa into multi-figure elithi "Abantwana - amaxhoba imikhuba abadala".