Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo na moss? Ubume bale moss "Kukushkin neflakisi"

Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo na moss? Ngokutsho kulwakhiwo zabo, ziyafana Ingca yolwandle, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo kubo, uninzi kweentlobo ubulembu babe Njengokungeniswa kwesithungu kunye namagqabi. Rhizoids iingcambu efana kubanceda ukuba bahlale phezu komhlaba kunye ukufunxa amanzi. Kuba ubulembu iphawulwa uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo zokuhlala. Inkoliso yabo bakhetha iindawo efumileyo, onomthunzi, ngokufuthi ngeenxa isiseko imithi. Kodwa kukho abo bamthandayo ukukhanya, batyatyambe epiphytes kwi amasebe emithini okanye kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ezifana zokuqubha kunye ulandelele lodongwe buthelezi. Zonke ubulembu sphagnum okanye umgquba ezimila amachibi kunye imigxobhozo apho emi amanzi unyaka wonke.

ukubonakala

Uninzi ubulembu - a, izityalo inamagqabi amancinci eluhlaza, eqhotyoshelwe umhlaba, ixolo kwemithi okanye ematyeni ngeengcambu ngomsonto-ezifana ubhityile ebizwa rhizoids. Ezinye iintlobo unokuba nkqo enye akubangelwa, ngoxa abanye baye branched iziqu kwaye zifane ikhaphethi eluhlaza ethambileyo, egubungele emhlabeni. E-New Zealand, lo moss liphezulu ikhula (Dawson Superba), efikelela kubude sisiqingatha semitha, kodwa ke iintlobo ezininzi ngu 1-2 neesentimitha ukuphakama.

Survival kwiimeko ezinzima

Ezi master anabiosis ezifana ubulembu, unako ukumelana lobushushu eliphezulu (70 ° C) ixesha elide, kunye ukubuya ukufuma baya kubuyela ebomini kwakhona. Le ngendlela emangalisayo ubomi kuya ikhula nzulu, emahlathini nemiqolomba apho amandla ukukhanya kwanele ekukhuleni kakuhle nasiphi na isityalo eluhlaza. Kule ubulembu eziphakamileyo Arctic yenye iintlobo zezityalo ezimbalwa ezinokuthi obubandayo etshabalalisayo. iintlobo ezininzi kunokuba luncedo nzima ukufikelela iintanda nemingxuma apho izityalo nje akwazi ukuphila. Abayi kufa kwanaxa zomile. Zonyaka owomileyo, ukutya kwabo uyawuvingcela phantsi de iimvula musa kubuya xa zizakuqalwa kwakhona, nayo yonke imisebenzi ebomini buyisa. Oku kunceda ubume ingakumbi ubulembu. Ezi zityalo bakudala zithathwa ukuba ibe phakathi kwezokuqala abathe bona bazidina belungisa ukukwazi ubomi emhlabeni.

iingxabano ukuyo

Ikhutshwe Imbewu moss bayakwazi ukuhamba imigama emide umoya kuhlala bezinzile eminyaka. Emva ukufumana intuthuzelo ezinza aze aqalise ukuvelisa kwayo enoboya. Ukususela Imbewu isiqhuma zixhobo ukuba ziqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu esebenzisa rhizoids. Isakhiwo zimelwe gametophyte moss, equka esikhondweni kwaye amagqabi, apho photosynthesis ikhutshwa phandle, ngexesha apho kwelanga iguqulelwa energy okunesondlo. Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo na moss? Ubulembu anegqabi ngokupheleleyo endaweni kwi zinti amalungiselelo ezithweni spirally omncinane ngohlobo kukubola tyaba okanye kukubola.

Ubulembu: isakhiwo nokukotshwa

Nangona ubulembu musa okwentyatyambo, ezinye iindidi amahlumelo eveze eyindoda khangela ngathi iintloko intyatyambo eluhlaza kancinane. Veliswa kwenzeka emoyeni evulekileyo, ifihlakele ngaphakathi intyatyambo. Anterozoidy ifumaneka kwiingxowa ezincinane, ukuze kwakheke iqanda iiseli angabamelwane. Le isiphunzi capsule ibihlungu, kuthiwa ama, ivelise ukuya kwesigidi sikuyo. Esivuthiweyo kwenzeka phantsi ukutyabeka eyodwa womisa ize iwe xa kungekho nganto. Imbewu ukuvuthwa zikhutshwa kwaye ashiye philisi zenze izityalo ezitsha.
Ubulembu musa baxhomekeke kuphela ukuzala. Gametophytes iiseli ezikhethekileyo ze iibhola nca kuzo. Ukuba elinye pbokovyh obegov yaxhuzulwa, ukuba iiseli elula banele ukwenza entsha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukusinda kwezityalo phantsi kweemeko ezingentle. Iimpawu ze ubume moss, elula loyilo iindlela ezimbalwa yokuzala ebavumela ukuba bafumane ezihlala kuyo yonke indawo ukusuka Arctic Circle ukuya ikhweyitha. Kuyinto emangazayo oluzinzileyo izityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Biology and Evolution

Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba ubulembu ke kumntu omnye zonke izityalo eziphila. inzululwazi Modern chonga iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 000 ukuba lulungiselelwe ukuba iintlobo ngeentlobo zokuhlala, ukususela entlango ukuya amanzi. Nangona into yokuba isakhiwo Moss ezakheke elula, gametophytes aqulathe iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeseli. Ukuphendula emzimbeni, Uhlaziye iiseli uwahlule kwaye umahluko kulo, iiseli ethangeni zamafu ukuba eve ukufa kweeseli. Ubomi liqala emva xa isityalo engena iimeko zivuma. Ubulembu ikwazile ukugcina iinkalo abangekaphuhli lwesakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa iseli, kwakunye amangalisayo ukuziqhelanisa eye wavumela ukuba zizalise ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala.

Iimpawu lwesakhiwo

Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo na moss? Isakhiwo sibandakanya isiqu, amagqabi, kwaye axillary rizoiday iinwele. Isiqu sidla yabhalwa zeeseli epidermal ezincinane elingqingqwa, kwaye parenchyma obhityileyo-enqatyisiweyo iiseli iiseli conductive. iiseli Conductive ziquka hydroids kunye leptoidy. Amagqabi zidla akhiwa umaleko ube mnye iiseli, ngaphandle imithambo kunye namasimi ezo kuqulatha kwiiseli ezininzi umohluko. Esiqwini sporophyte apho, ama, imbewu, nayo enamakhulu kweentlobo cell ezizodwa.

Izinto eziluncedo isakhiwo moss

Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo ke moss, siye ndiyifumene, ke ngoku kufuneka ingqalelo ngani zesakhiwo. Ekubeni ubulembu zonke izondlo emoyeni, njengoko iingcambu wokwenene abanazo, esi sityalo ukungafuni isithunzi kuphela iyafuneka, umhlaba acid kunye ukufuma ngokwaneleyo. Indawo ekhethwayo yi kwimihlaba engafanelanga izinga kwezondlo eliphantsi. Ukongeza lithathelwe omhle bhetyebhetye, ubulembu ube nako elungileyo ukuvelisa imithamo ezinkulu ngelaphu equka uhlobo iseli enye, kwakunye ngokutsha ngokukhawuleza of protoplasts udonga iseli.

Kukushkin neflakisi

Ubume be-moss yeflakisi Kukushkin ibonisa eziqhelekileyo sinombala obhityileyo akubangelwa, wazigquma exineneyo kunye amagqabi ezincinane esiluhlaza bumnyama. It sisityalo ongatshiyo idla lugubungela iindawo ezimanzi ikhaphethi ashinyeneyo, sisetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango. Kukushkin iflakisi bekhula kumathafa, imigxobhozo, iintaba, amahlathi kunye amadlelo. Yenza umqamelo of engca okanye zadityaniswa omnye evalekayo ngokuqhubekayo ashinyeneyo. moss yegqabi angehli akubangelwa ezinkulu kakhulu. Kwinxalenye esezantsi rhizoids stem aphuhlise (iingcambu analog abangekaphuhli).

Okulandelayo ke tye ephambili akubangelwa ngaphandle amagqabi. Emva koko, ubude nkqo stem yesibini ka-15 cm. Le mizekelo ngamnye unako ukufikelela-30 cm. Isiqu eziziisekondari ezinabantu ukugubungela okwimo amagqabi. Isakhiwo yangaphakathi ye moss Kukushkin fanekisela inkqubo abangekaphuhli nemithambo apho amanzi kunye nezondlo ukuhamba ngapha esiqwini ukuya amagqabi. Ezinye iiseli stem ezi side kwaye uqhagamshele ngababini, zenzelwe kuphela ezizukileyo amanzi. Amagqabi asezantsi esiqwini okunjalo, kodwa kuhlala ngohlobo kukubola.