Bala Shuvalov Potr Ivanovich: biography, neendlalifa

Zobuqabane, emasini - eyandinceda ukubamba lenkundla eRashiya kwabo wakwazi ukusondela abasemagunyeni. Loo ndoda abefudula elubhuqa zingqonge yena kunye nezalamane. Ngoko Shuvalov clan bagxothwa kwetrone ekuqaleni-imi- 50 emzalwaneni ngenkulungwane XVIII Razumovsky.

Ikhamera-page Ivan Shuvalov (1727-1797)

Ivan wazalwa kwintsapho ihlwempu yeengcungcu eMoscow. Isihloko "Bala" Shuvalov Ivan Ivanovich akazange enxibe - nokuba ekuzalweni okanye emva koko, xa onamandla onke eyahamba. Wafumana imfundo elungileyo ekhaya, wayesazi ngeelwimi ezine, funda lukhulu, wayenomdla kwezobugcisa wakhula umfana entle uNothozamile.

Nabazala ababesesangweni kwinkundla Elizabeth, kwiminyaka 14 wathabatha ignoramus e Petersburg kuchaziwe kwi-camera kumaphepha. Kule minyaka, waba ukukhula encinane wachitha lonke ixesha lakhe ezamahala iincwadi, kunye umdaniso efunda, kunye amantombazane akazimisele. Kodwa kwiminyaka emine emva koko solulelwe phantsi kwiimitha ezimbini ubude kunye waba ebukekayo. Kumtshato bodade wakhe Prince Golitsinym Ivana waphawula uKumkanikazi eBhayi. Ngowe-1749, wamnika kwisihloko yakhe yokuqala. Ivan Shuvalov waye nene igumbi lokulala, oko kukuthi mfana potted. Kwaye abazalwana baqinisekisa yedwa amane uKumkanikazi.

yabetha Chief

Kungekudala uIvan wafumana isihloko esitsha - igumbi oyintloko. Uninzi wenkundla ikuba entsha uKumkanikazi wayebonakala nabalawulwa mfutshane ixesha elide. Kodwa Ivan clever, ezintle, bangangxameli imali kwaye abanekratshi wahlala nasekuthandweni Elizabeth phambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-1761.

iimpawu zakhe zobuqu, ingakumbi ukungabikho utyekelo nemali-ekwenziweni, ngelo xesha ezinqabileyo kakhulu. Ndamangaliswa kubo bonke, kuquka ukumkanikazi kunye umrhanelwa, ngubani kusetyenziswa kuloo yonke kuyo ukufezekisa isikhundla, umhlaba, abalimi kunye nemali. Ukuguga uKumkanikazi Elizabeth chayala akukho umphefumlo wakhe umnyulwa, yaye, nangona yokuba kukwaluphala, umlinganiswa bakhe ephawulekayo saxabana, wamphatha uthando olufanayo.

Umsebenzi Ivan Shuvalov

Andiqondi ukuba ukuba kwindawo eyiyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, Ivan koko bafumana nje ubomi kunye novuyo ukuba ukumkanikazi, omdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba umama wakhe. Young yaye eyinzwana, fashionably kwaye okunexabiso enxibe, kunye nembeko ezintle, wayephila ubomi nje neyo. Shuvalov wabonisa uthando engaqhelekanga nezobugcisa: kubugcisa, uncwadi, imidlalo yeqonga.

Ngoko ke, efuna ukudala Academy of Arts, ngo-1755 wemka evela eMoscow FS Rokotoff wamnika ithuba lokuba kuqalisa uqeqesho endlwini yakhe, wada wavula Academy. Kwaye ngo 1761 wabona womlilo ebhotweni le nomkroli elizayo Shubin. Ivan inkxaso ngexesha elinye kunye umdali yokubonela yokuqala Russian potter F. kunye A. Sumarokov - ekuchubekeni kunye yimbongi.

Sikunye uMikhail Lomonosov, yayinguye projekthi yavula University eMoscow egameni ngemini kanina - Imini Tatiana kaThixo, ngo-1755. Le projekthi, wahlala ixesha elide.

Shuvalov wathatha ootitshala kunye nabafundi, yaye iincwadi zakhe wabeka isiseko zelayibrari eyunivesithi waza wenza imbonakalo endlwini yoshicilelo eyunivesithi, leyo ishicilela uncwadi lwezenzululwazi nje kuphela, kodwa "Moscow News".

Academy of Arts - yonke inzala yakhe. Wahlanganisa ootitshala phesheya, sifuna ukuba abafundi unesiphiwo, thaca ingqokelela lwemizobo wakhe Academy. iiprojekthi yakhe yezopolitiko, ayikaqondwa kakuhle, ukunyuka olucetywayo inani eNdlu yeeNgwevu kunye nokuphuculwa yemisebenzi yabo, nokufezekiswa kukhal kunye nomkhosi, wayekholelwa ukuba imfuneko ukuba abeke kuqala basemzini Russian hayi.

Ezininzi Shuvalov ecetywayo ngaphambi kwexesha layo kwaye eziqulathwe ebomini kuphela phantsi Catherine II kunye noPawulos I. Ngowe-1757 Count Vorontsov uhambise umthetho esisayilwayo apho I. I. Shuvalovu kwanikezwa kwisihloko count, leNdlu yeeNgwevu, kunye ngamakhoboka ezingamawaka alishumi. Isihloko Ivan wala. Kamva ngesiqu of "Bala" Ivan Shuvalov enaningamkelanga zona, kwaye ukusuka Catherine I. Wayengafuni le isihloko.

Palace of Bala Shuvalov

Nangona Ivan Wayengathethi enxibe kwisihloko Count, kodwa sigodlo kwakungenwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ngokwenene, ohlala wonke kwikota. Waye ke nangoku (nangona yakhiwe) kwi isitalato Italian kufuphi yaseHlotyeni Palace of saint walo umxhasi.

Kwibhotwe yakhiwa iminyaka emihlanu indlela zobuciko Elizabeth. Uyilelwe ngumzobi S. Chevakinsky. Ngaphakathi kwibhotwe walondoloza umhombiso ngembali elisekungeneni Troff ephantsi elinoonobumba. Lonke ingaphakathi ebhotwe ngokobutyebi ezihonjiswe sistucco. Kodwa ke ubukhulu becala utshintsho mva.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho Museum of Ucoceko, yaye isakhiwo ngokwayo lukhuselwe ngurhulumente, ngenxa yokuba ilifa lethu kwimbali nenkcubeko.

Ukufa Elizabeth

Emva kokufa saint kwakhe umxhasi Ivan waphila iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu. Akazange alibazise, wathabatha isifungo, 1762, uKumkanikazi entsha, kodwa wemka enkundleni. Hayi ukuba kukho ihlazo, kodwa kusekho indawo yakhe itshintshile apho.

ULieutenant-General Shuvalov wahambela kwelinye. Yena wayithanda ngasentendelezweni Marie Antoinette, yena wangena kwisangqa imxinwa indlela yayo kwaye babizwa ngokuba Lilac League. Kuphethwa nkqubo waseFransi, yaye, ngaphandle Ivan, indoda ethe shinyi, abafundileyo, abantu basemzini ephangalele zange yaba.

Xa oku uyaziwa uCatherine II, yena nje woma. Ngoku, sisazi ukuba kwelinye liyitrone esingelwe Russian lakomkhulu, enegunya eYurophu, uKumkanikazi wamnika inani izabelo ozakuzo. Enza nabo bezinto kanye wafumana isikhundla councillor yangasese.

Ngowe-1776, Shuvalov wabuyela eRashiya. Sanikwa ipenshoni engange angamawaka alishumi, yaye ngoko ke kukhuthazwa ukuba igumbi oyintloko. Oku, koko, yaba isikhundla liphezulu kweyadi - yesibini kuphela uKumkanikazi. Kodwa ngokubanzi, Shuvalov - ecebe lakomkhulu, lo minion wethamsanqa, ngoku kwakhokelela yabucala. Yena asibhale phantsi asigcine ezicwangciswe endlwini yakhe sesalon loncwadi ebebambe isidlo sasemini iimbongi Derzhavin and I. Dmitriev, kunye Admiral Alexander Shishkov philologist, umguquleli kaHomer E. Kostrova. Wayesazi ukuba sibunandiphe ubomi, bephethe ngayo uyolo abahlobo.

Shuvalov bonke ubomi bakhe, yaye waphila iminyaka engama-70, kunye na umona, kwaye ubuqaqawuli an, uhlobo, umntu onengqondo unyaniseke. Akukho ngenxa yokuba kwakukho ubomi umzala wayo.

Pet Ivanovich Shuvalov (1711-1762)

weza uPyotr ukusuka kwiphondo iindwalutho Kostroma. Uyise, kwingqwayi-Vyborg, unyana wakwazi aqhoboshele iphepha kwinkundla Petra Velikogo. Ekufeni umlawuli, wathabatha inxaxheba ibekwa ka-Catherine I. Ebudeni inkonzo page, wafunda zonke iimfuno wenkundla yaye unako, ngenxa oku, ngakumbi career enkundleni.

Xa intombi Velikogo uPetra kunye nomyeni wakhe waya Kiel, kunye nabo ukuba bakhonza kunye nekhamera-page PA Shuvalov. Apho ke wafumana amava ubomi obutsha.

Emva kokuba izale unyana wakhe, ikamva uMlawuli Peter III, Anna Petrovna wafa P. Shuvalov wabuyela eRashiya, eyayigcwele isitya nequmrhu inkosazana isithsaba ngo-1728. Ngexesha le minyaka wayedibana Mavroy Egorovnoy Shevelevoy, nto leyo ke utshatile. Waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni Princess Elizabeth Petrovna yaye kamva wanceda kakhulu umsebenzi okanye igosa namabhongo.

kufuphi sobukhosi

Emva kokubuya amazwe Shuvalov wakhonza ngokuthembeka camera-ngodaba Princess Elizabeth.

Petro yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo uMbuso 1741, ukwakha Elizaveta Petrovna eziya etroneni, yaye ukubonga wafumana kwirenki kwinkundla ephezulu ithenwa. It ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye umsebenzi wayo emkhosini. Okokuqala, - Guards kuphela sombutho kunye jikelele ezinkulu, kodwa kunyaka olandelayo waba Lieutenant, yaye kungekudala lomlawuli-jikelele.

Ukuphakama umsebenzi wakhe nje elindwebileyo, njengokuba Elizaveta Petrovna akabalibali uyolo phakathi oncedisayo abakrelekrele waqokelela etroneni yakhe. Petro ufumana Order of St. Anne nonxibelelwano. Aleksandra Nevskogo kwaye iba owayelilungu leNdlu yeeNgwevu. Kwaye ngo 1746, phambi kwethu Kubonakala sele Bala Shuvalov. Ngeli xesha sele etshate i "sneaky", njengoko yayisithi, intombi ka imbeko Mavre Egorovne Shepelevoy, leyo, efana umzalwana omdala, Alexander, owayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala kwinkundla, wamnceda ngokukhawuleza nyukela leri omsebenzi.

indlela up

Ekuqaleni, zonke izenzo zakhe Front Army. Yena, kunye webutho wakhe bathatha inxaxheba ibekwa kwe uKumkanikazi eMoscow. Emva koko webutho wakhe enze kwi kwimiju-, kodwa Count Shuvalov ngokukhawuleza kakuhle enkundleni kwaye kungekho ngaphantsi ngokukhawuleza ufumana elifomatiweyo liphezulu - Field Marshal. Ke ndithi, ukuphala nemikhanzi ebomini lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko zeengqukuva ezimbini, ngokunjalo kubo bonke obo bukhosi.

Ukunikezwa Bala P. Shuvalov

Sele 1745, Count Shuvalov, liqulunqe iprojekthi yokuqokelela le ngerhafu kwaye kuliwe amatyala. UKumkanikazi wabona kuye indoda sinokumhlaziya uzuko owayesakuba karhulumente. Yena uphulaphula ngenyameko isicelo sakhe ngenxa ukutshintshwa irhafu ngqo ngqo, ukuba arhafise imirhumo umkhosi lokuqokelela ityiwa zazinegama iingqekembe zobhedu (ngeekhilogram zobhedu eSwitzerland kubini, uze kane nemali eninzi, nto leyo izisa ingeniso engakumbi kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo). Kodwa uKumkanikazi elide iphatha ovuthuzayo ukuzonwabisa, asenjalo nangoku amandla ebegqwese buzinze ezandleni ngokunyoluka kunye nemali-olambileyo Peter Ivanovich.

Ngowe-1753, xa icebiso lakhe, imisebenzi amasiko lwangaphakathi bupheliswe, yaye ngowe-1755 xa wamkelwa inxaxheba esebenzayo Customs ngummiselo entsha.

Utshintsho empini

Sele 1751, xa P. Shuvalov waba jikelele-in-umthetheli, kwaba umyalelo phantse babengekaze kwelo candelo. Ubonisa inzondelelo emangalisayo, uhambisa nokunyanzelisa abasebenzi, ukubaqeqesha, baxhobe Division kunye waxoxa isinxibo sakhe. Oku kuya kufika Ukugunda koko, kuyakuba ngonyaka-esixhenxe imfazwe ne-Prussia ngo-1756

Yonke imikhosi Bala Shuvalov wamnika uqeqesho zokudubula kunye angaphathi wolondolozo, olu sapho lwaluquka amathathu amawaka abantu. Eli tyala uyiqhelile kuye, yaye uyawugqiba ngempumelelo amagatya imipu ezintsha, imipu ezintsha iiyunifomu.

Ngelo xesha, wamiselwa Jikelele-feldtseyhmeysterom, nto leyo ithetha ukuba umyalelo zokudubula kunye amabutho lobunjineli. Bala Shuvalov uphaka imisebenzi zoqeqesho Gunners zize zizingenise kwi-yeeNgwevu iprojekthi ukwenza howitzer entsha.

Ngaphandle kokuya iinkcukacha zobugcisa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba nangona kwaye baye, kodwa aluphumelelanga. Kodwa kulandela isixhobo ebizwa ngokuba "Inyathi" yaba yimpumelelo. Le howitzer gunners basungule M. Danilov kunye Sergei Martynov, waza wasetyenziswa ngayo ukuxhasa nomkhosi ukulwa phantse kwiminyaka elikhulu emva eyasungulwa. Igama kuhambisana ngumnqweno ukuba wayezithandi- ikholam omfanekiso baboniswa esi silwanyana kumnandi.

I ingubo Iingalo Count Peter Shuvalov

Ngemfano inqu emqeleni ezintathu ingubo ezingalweni Count Shuvalov. Okokuqala, loo nto imelwe ebhodini, yaye okwesibini, uqhuba ikhaka kunye, okwesithathu, ukuya ekhohlo ntloko kunye coronet ubalo ngayo. A iziqhushumbisi ezintathu ziyakhunjuzwa ukulawula kwitrone Elizabeth. Kuyafana Kuthiwa nombhalo.

Kwi nokwehla ka Elizabeth I

Bala Shuvalov xa Elizabeth waba yintloko de facto kurhulumente Russian. Konke oko kubonisa ubalo obuxoxiweyo Yeengwevu. Noko ke, eny ', ngokwahlukileyo ukuya umzala, yinto eyahlukileyo. Amaninzi umsebenzi wakhe ngayo yena umonakalo yobuncwane.

Kakhulu, kwafuneka ilungelo lokuthengisa ehlathini, amafutha kunye Amafutha. Ukuloba kweentlanzi kunye seal kuLwandle White kunye Sea lweCaspian naye bodwa yakhe. Bala Shuvalov ithathe inxaxheba icuba yathenga off, waba imisebenzi engcono yentsimbi. A iqabane, ukuba State-lady Elizabeth kuthiwa ukuba baphuma searchers ezintlwini kunye amabhaso imali.

Emva kokufa Elizabeth, nangona sengqondo esihle Peter III, Earl waqalisa ukuba agule waza wafa ngo-1762. kakhulu kwaye womelele iimpawu zakhe uphawu aba akwazi ukulungelelanisa izinto uze uzise yonke ekupheleni. Ngoko ke waphila ubomi bakhe abanamandla, Count wokuzingca Shuvalov. ngobomi bakhe ibonisa ukuba ndingumntu ngokungaqhelekanga, kodwa ababephila uthando fingered, igrafu abanekratshi, fabulously zizityebi nangoku kusetyenziswa.

Indlalifa Count uPyotr

Umntu ukucinga ukuba Count ushiye imali eninzi kakhulu emva kokufa kwakhe. Ngenxa yokuba imali nje ngumsinga ukuya emlanjeni yakhe. Noko ke, oku akunjalo. Earl wayengumntu ezinkulu kakhulu. ezihlangwini zakhe - nyana Andrei Petrovich - eshiya amatyala kuphela mali ka-92 amawaka engange. Kodwa xesha Catherine Andrei Petrovich akazange ulahlekile, waza waba leNdlu yeeNgwevu, uceba yangasese, irhuluneli iBhanki kunye nombhali. Waqhubeka yaka sobalo Shuvalov, owayehlala sele kwinkulungwane XIX.

umfowethu omdala Shuvalov

Alexander (1710-1771) kunye umninawa wakhe omncinane bafika kwinkundla Peter I kwaye waqala ukusebenza njenge phepha. Kodwa zichongwe kwinkundla Princess Elizabeth, waba owayephethe kuqoqosho yakhe eyadini. Ngaloo mihla isikhundla esiphezulu.

Emva kombuso ebhotwe, apho abazalwana ababini wathabatha inxaxheba, Alexander waya ukukhula. Okokuqala ngo-1742, oko zingako ochukumisa imicimbi Imfihlelo Chancellery, kodwa ukhetha uKumkanikazi akazange ashiywe.

It imbasa Order Aleksandra Nevskogo, ngoko bavelise Lieutenant-jikelele, kancinane - ngo abalawuli jikelele. Kwaye ngo 1746 phambi kwethu sele Bala Shuvalov uAleksandr Ivanovich, ngokubuyisela kwizikhundla yentloko lokugula Imfihlelo Chancellery kunye nentloko ngoko bonke ubomi bakhe yayo.

Ebudeni bolawulo Elizabeth I noPetros III ngo-1762 ukuya kukoyikwa kwaye nyanya. Kodwa wakhetha ukusingatha imiba zorhwebo, nto leyo kunceda ukudala imo. Elizaveta Petrovna abazange balilibale umncedisi othembekileyo bawongwa naye 1753 ibhaso eliphezulu yoBukhosi Russian - i-Order of St .. Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Kamva Shuvalov aze abe leNdlu yeeNgwevu kunye jikelele yalelani entsimini. Emva kolawulo Catherine, wathunyelwa kwilifa lakhe kufuphi eMoscow. Hi ndlela leyi, abazalwana abathathu, kwaba loo mntu ingabangeli ungathi, enemibala.

domesticity

Graf Aleksandr Ivanovich wayetshate n Ivanovna Kastyurinoy. Greedy kunye ekumnikeni lo usapho, ezisola nokuba imali ezimpahleni ezifanele isimo sabo. intombi uCatherine wazalwa emtshatweni wabo, nto leyo abendiswa ukuba Count G. I. Golovkina.

Xa Alexander I waba State-inenekazi. Kukho intelekelelo ukuba ikhaya lakhe eMoscow wazalwa A. S. Pushkin. She unomdla yeqonga, kunye inqaba yayo yaba esiyintsika yale nabadanisi ye Bolshoi Ballet. Oonyana bakhe baba bantwana, kwaye intombi angatshatanga. Ngoko ke eli sebe Shuvalov inzala waba.

Kulo mzekelo Shuvalov clan lengqondo indlela ezahlukeneyo aba bantu baba iingcambu efanayo.