Dzheyms Kuk: ibhayografi elifutshane uhambo

kulimele Future Dzheyms Kuk wazalwa ngo-1728 eNgilani, unyana ka owayesakuba lwakhe efama. Emva kokuba ofundileyo, lo mfana ndafumana umsebenzi inkwenkwe kwindlu kwi inqanawa yakhe yokuqala.

Ukususela ku Navy

Nditsho ebutsheni bakhe Cook wagqiba kwelokuba wazahlulela ubomi bakhe, waya elwandle. Ngexesha lakhe spare wafunda Sciences imigama encedisayo - wesimo, ngeenkwenkwezi imbali yophando kumazwe amatsha. Ngowe-1755, i-Royal Navy uthathe nomatiloshe entsha. Baba Dzheyms Kuk. biography emfutshane indoda yayiquka umsebenzi ukusuka matiloshe elula nje inyanga Bosun kaThixo inkonzo.

Ngeli xesha baqala ukufika iminyaka yosixhenxe War nxamnye France kunye namahlakani ayo. Cook inxaxheba kule mpi enqanaweni "Eagle" kwaye kuvalwe iindlela yotshaba yonxweme. Ngowe-1758 wathunyelwa Intshona Melika, apho amagunya ezimbini ezinkulu aselwandle waqhubeka umzabalazo ngamathanga kunye nezibonelelo. Ngelo xesha, Cook wayeyincutshe - iqabane. He is a oyingcali cartography, wayalela ukuba ukuhlola ijelo kunye isiteshi i St. Lawrence River. waba phezu kweendonga zayo ebalulekileyo emzini Quebec, ukuba amaBritane wayefuna ukuba bababambe.

Master iye zaphumelela lo msebenzi, kangangokuba ukuhlasela wathabatha indawo kunye nokuthatha inqaba ebalulekileyo. Royal Navy baba izifundiswa ezibalulekileyo ezifana Dzheyms Kuk, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane wafumana ngeenxa entsha. Emva kokubuyela ekhaya, waqalisa ukulungiselela ukhenketho lwakhe lokuqala ihlabathi.

I uhambo lokuqala

Urhulumente sele inikezelwe Cook nqanawa "Endeavour" encinane. It matiloshe abanamava kwafuneka ukuba bahlole iilwandle kumazantsi ukufumana kwilizwekazi ayaziwa, okuthiwa yaba ezinezinga kakhulu. Eli qela kwakhona owenza iingcali ezinamava - zezityalo kunye izazi. Eli qela ke ukwalathisa Dzheyms Kuk, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane kwaye namhlanje ezitsala abafundi abaninzi.

Ngowe-1768 wayishiya Plymouth kwizibuko ukuba eTahiti. Captain azakubalulwa kukuba inqanawa iye ingene uqeqesho engqongqo ulwalamano kubantu bendawo. Iqela wayalelwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba abangquzulana savages, kodwa kunoko zama ukwakha uxolo. Oku babephikisana kunye ngokwesiqhelo, le bamathanga, abantu balapha kakhulu ukusika okanye siwe ebukhobokeni. Oku nomhloli uchasiweyo Dzheyms Kuk. biography Emfutshane Captain ayiqulathanga naluphi na ubungqina ukuba wakha waqalisa abangquzulana balapho.

New Zealand kunye Australia

Emva Tahiti, ilandelwe yi-New Zealand, nto leyo zaphicothwa i Dzheyms Kuk. biography emfutshane of wamazwe kuzo zonke iincwadi zezifundo iquka inkcazelo eneenkcukacha yemisebenzi yakhe ibe cartographer. Wachaza ngokweenkcukacha unxweme ngalunye, apho ngomkhombe, sabetha elidlulileyo. ikhadi lakhe basebenzisa eminye iminyaka emakhulu. Kwi i "Endeavour" wayivula bay, leyo yena ogama uKumkanikazi Charlotte Sound. Igama womthetheli got lexinene ukuba eyohlula ziqithi ezimbini New Zealand.

kunxweme East of Australia apho iintlobo amaqela ezingabonwayo kwezityalo. Ngenxa yale ibheyi kule ngingqi ebizwa ngokuba Botanical. yamangaliswa amaYurophu izilwanyana yasekuhlaleni, kuquka kangaroos dikovannym. Juni 11, 1770 inqanawa ubunzima umngxuma kakhulu ulwalwa, leyo kwadodobalisa kakhulu kwiphulo.

Xa kukho oko kuvuza sele eqhagamshelweyo, "Endeavour" waya Indonesia. oomatiloshe Kukho zingenwe sisifo seengcongconi. Iimeko ucoceko ke ngoko ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise ukuba izifo. Noko ke, Cook, ngokuthobela imigaqo yococeko kunye utshintsho kwizidlo ukuba boyise nangokhwekhwe - bane oomatiloshe abaninzi. Kodwa seengcongconi segazi lalingekafiki indlela ephumelelayo. Ngoko ke, xa "Endeavour" Ekugqibeleni zaphumela e Kapa, abantu abali-12 kuphela ngasekhohlo ebhodini, kuquka Cook.

I uhambo yokuqala wabonisa ukuba New Zealand yenziwa ziziqithi ezimbini. Eyona njongo iphambili (ezweni southern) kwaye kange andibhaqwa. Bayilwele lowo umda mpuma Australia busetyenzisiwe ngokweenkcukacha.

Le hambo lwesibini

Ngo-1772 waqalisa uhambo entsha, ikhokelwa ngu-Dzheyms Kuk. biography Mfutshane abantwana iqulethe iinkcukacha ezinika umdla ezininzi zitsala abafundi abatsha. Ngokomthetho nguwo inkcazo izityalo ezimangalisayo kunye nezilwanyana zezilo yimvula.

Cook waba ekujoliswe yokuqala Bouvet Island, apho ngaphambili ibonwe ukususela kwiphulo kude Norwegian. Noko ke, isiqwenga awayesibawela komhlaba akaba nakufunyanwa ke, ngoko iqela yaqhuba ngasezantsi. NgoJanuwari 1773 "USONJULULO" yaye "Adventure" okokuqala kwimbali kophando wawela Antarctic Circle. Ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zemozulu imikhombe emibini, nokuba ngokufutshane wazilibala omnye komnye.

Emva kohambo ekudlulisweni elide ephethwe Tahiti and Hin. Apho, amaBritane bejamelene nokuziphatha ndlongo abantu bendawo, kunye mu. Kwixesha elizayo, Cook waya ngenxa empumalanga, evula i Caledonia New and South Georgia. Noko ke, akazange ikwazile ukufikelela elunxwemeni Antarctica. Benindifunela ku Dzheyms Kuk. Biography, ushwankathelo ethwala adventures ecacileyo, iye sasingumba uphando olwenziweyokwakunye-mbali.

hambo Last

Ngo-1776 waqalisa uhambo entsha. Yaba utyelelo lokugqibela, eyayikhokelwa Dzheyms Kuk. Biography, isishwankathelo apho ifumaneka zonke iincwadi geography, iquka oku sahluko umdla. Ngeli xesha umthetheli wafumana iinqanawa ezimbini - "USONJULULO" yaye "Discovery".

NgoDisemba 24, 1777 umkhankaso wafumanisa Christmas Island, ngoko ogama lakhe behlonipha holide ezizayo. Apha oomatiloshe bakwazi ukubona komnyama wazibonela elanga. ekhubekisayo lakhe eyaziwa Dzheyms Kuk, nkqubo leyo iquka ngobomi elifutshane, kunye neentsuku elide ukufunda ngeenkwenkwezi.

ukufa

Sele ngoJanuwari, baseYurophu abona le Islands saseHawaii. Apha aphumla, waza ke waya kunxweme Alaska kunye noLwandle Chukchi. Apha endleleni iinqanawa babewela Arctic Circle. On the Aleutian Islands Cook wadibana kunye nabaphandi Russian kunye mveliso.

Ukususela iqela kweelwandle polar babuyela eHawaii. Waye wahlangatyezwa sisihlwele Inombolo Bomthonyama malunga eliwaka. Ngokutyeziswa rhoqo kwakukho iingxabano, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba bahlasela British. Ngexesha elinye ukuhlaselwa ka Februwari 14, 1779 Dzheyms Kuk wabulawa. biography lifutshane kakhulu Explorer kufuneka azise nawuphi na umntu abafundileyo eyayifunde kakhulu. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa waba iqhawe lesizwe e-UK.