Engineering yokuma. survey engineering yokwakheka komhlaba

Geology - inzululwazi komhlaba. It imbaxa yonke lwamacandelo yenzululwazi kunye namashishini anxulumene ekufundweni qweqwe lomhlaba kunye ezindaweni zayo enzulu. Iinjongo Geology kugqala okokuqala kulwazi imithetho nokusekwa kunye nendawo MPI (zezimbiwa). Uninzi imiba ethile iqwalaselwe yokwakheka mihla, libhekisela nzulu malunga 10-15 km, nto leyo ibangelwa kubunzulu wejoloji kusikwa kwiinkalo yokukhwabusha yamandulo kumphakamo wangoku we kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuveliswa kwezimbiwa wokuhlola.

imiba ngokubanzi

Engineering Geology na isebe lobunzululwazi nobugcisa komhlaba ukuba lifunda iimpawu kunye neepateni yentsebenziswano phakathi kokusingqongileyo kokwakheka komhlaba kunye nezakhiwo zobunjineli. Injongo komhlaba ezi nomphezulu ezintle uqweqwe iimeko wejoloji nokudaleka nokufumba, morphological, amandla kunye iimpawu ezinamandla ngenxa engineering kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho umntu.

Kunye imisebenzi ezizodwa kakhulu, Engineering Geology ibandakanya isifundo siseko zomhlaba, ukwakhiwa kunye iimpawu zomhlaba, iimeko nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi, iinkqubo yingozi zejoloji kunye nenani neminye imiba. Ngoko ke neziseko yokwakheka zibandakanya imfuno ulwazi ethile ezibanzi kwiqela lwamacandelo omelene yokwakheka, kuquka yokwakheka komhlaba jikelele, mineralogy, kubume, hydrogeology, petrography, zomhlaba, zesayensi kunye nabanye.

Iinjongo Iinjongo

Engineering kunye neznye iisaveyi ijoliswe ukuphunyezwa yovavanyo ehlangeneyo kwaye olubanzi yeemeko zejoloji ezibangelwa ezenziwa ngabantu ekwakhiweni kunye kwisigaba kwezoqoqosho, libambisene kunye neenkqubo yemvelo.

Iingxaki yokwakheka zobunjineli engundoqo ebandakanya ukufunda yeemeko zejoloji kunye ziitectonic plates, geomorphological, wenyikima technogenic, bagxile kuphuhliso zobunjineli-zejoloji phononongo, ngokuyimfuneko olungaphambi ukwakhiwa kwamaziko kunye nemeko iiprojekthi kwezobunjineli basekuhlaleni. Oku izakhiwo yoluntu kunye noshishino kunye nezakhiwo, iindlela, imizila kaloliwe, amadama, iibhulorho, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, uphuma, usebenza phantsi komhlaba, eziluncedo komhlaba, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Ngenxa yoko, yokuma zobunjineli eyenzelwe ukunika abayili, abakhi kunye nokusebenza inkonzo kwamaziko yorhwebo zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukuze uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo, kwakunye ukuphumeza imisebenzi enxulumene nokusebenza kwabo.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zophando zejoloji iqulunqe ingxelo ithuba esisiseko ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo okanye izakhiwo uze ungqinisise sites kakhulu ukufakwa kwabo. Ngxelo kufuneka ukuba ibandakanye izindululo malunga indlela ekhethwayo wokwenziwa imisebenzi, iingcebiso kuyilo ngokwemiqathango kukuthembeka abo kunye amanyathelo othintelo ukulwa iinkqubo zejoloji ezimbi kunokwenzeka ukuba ungabeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko isakhiwo okanye isakhiwo.

Eyona engundoqo amacandelo yokwakheka komhlaba zobunjineli

Njengenxalenye inzululwazi komhlaba, yokuma ubunjineli, nayo, iquka iqela self-discipline, apho ziphambili ingqalelo geodynamics zobunjineli, Umhlaba nobunjineli zengingqi yokwakheka komhlaba.

Lomhlaba, njengokuba igama lixela, i yokwakheka isebe yenzululwazi, nenoxanduva isakhiwo, ukwakhiwa kunye iimpawu zomhlaba, imithetho nokudaleka kunye ulwandiso, kwakunye awohluke le Ukwahluka-temporal lwendawo okubangelwa zobunjineli ukwakhiwa kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu.

Injongo ye Engineering Geodynamics iindlela ezininzi zeenkqubo namhlanje yokwakheka ukuba ube nefuthe elibonakalayo iimeko ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kwamaziko orhwebo nawuphi na ubukhulu. Ngu iinkqubo olu hlobo ziquka iinyikima, landslides abohlukeneyo imvelaphi, idiphu, ukunqamka, neentanda kunye nabanye. Ukongeza kwizifundo kunye noqikelelo, bonke benza kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa imiqathango yokhuselo nokhuseleko, nayo leyo ebhekisela kwiingxaki geodynamics zobunjineli.

yokwakheka engineering Regional, kwakunye neminye zobunjineli zejoloji, ukufunda iimpawu kunye nemithetho yophuhliso maleko oluphezulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba, ababumba ekuthiwa lithosfere, ngenxa yobugcisa zangoku izicwangciso kunye namashishini kunye nomsebenzi civil engineering womntu. Kodwa umbandela yokwakheka zesithili yi definition izinto zejoloji ngomlinganiselo lommandla.

Physico-ngomatshini iimpawu zamatye kunye nemihlaba

Ukuze enze uyilo kunye nokufunda wokwakha physico-ngomatshini iimpawu amatye nomhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa ekubaleni amandla, ukuthembeka ukuqina isiseko iziko kuxhomekeke kwizigqibo ezininzi nkqubo enxulumene ngokukhetha structure isakhiwo, ubungakanani, uhlobo kunye nokuzimisela umthamo ukwakhiwa kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene noko. Kulo mba, iimpawu zomzimba mechanical ngamatye nemihlaba ngokuyimfuneko kuhlalutywa kuzo zonke izigaba zobunjineli kunye nophando zejoloji.

Kuba parameters emzimbeni-ngoomatshini ngamatye imihlaba ziquka ezi mpawu zilandelayo: granulometry, plasticity, yamasuntswana ukuxinana, isiqulatho sokufuma, ingxinano bulk, uchebe amandla, eqine amandla ucinezelo uniaxial, engile olungenasiphelo, ukwakhiwa petrographic, ukunqamka okunokwenzeka ngenxa ukudumba kunye shrinkage, modulus of luthambe, lomlingani elana lomhlaba, modulus, suffusion leaching, umlinganiselo Poisson kaThixo, isiqulatho ityuwa, filter lomlingani, ukufakwa kwamanzi, Ukwanda amanzi, kunye nenani ezongeziweyo iparameters.

Ukuhlola iimpawu Geotechnical ngamatye imihlaba ihamba ezinye izinto zokufunda kunye imichiza ukubunjwa, kwakunye neempawu zesakhiwo textural.

Yenziwe ngoobani kunye nokusindlekwa izifundo Geotechnical

Engineering kunye neznye sehlile gqolo ziquka umsebenzi kwesimo, ubunjineli-zejoloji survey, uphando Engineering-zejoloji, detalizatsionnye umsebenzi ngexesha lokwakha kunye nophando lokugqibela yokugqitywa kwayo.

Kwesimo luvavanyo olunzulu ulwazi neeminerali, yaye yesimo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza umsebenzi ngakumbi, eneenkcukacha ngakumbi. Ukuba kukho apho ezicwangcisiweyo zobunjineli yedeskthopi, yokuma, le ndawo sele bafunda kakuhle, umsebenzi ezingasenakusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko ukuze aqhube engineering kunye uphando neznye.

Ukudubula yenzelwa ukufunda iimpawu geomorphological kunye nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi, iimpawu Geotechnical ngamatye kunye nemihlaba, ubungqina iinkqubo esebenzayo zejoloji kunye nohlolo jikelele iimeko zejoloji kwingingqi imisebenzi yokwakha eqikelelweyo.

Ngokutsho iziphumo ze wokuhlola wenziwe Uqikelelo zoyilo kunye namaxwebhu eneenkcukacha.

Okubhalwe zobunjineli mveliso kunye nezifundo neznye

zobunjineli lohlobo ezintsonkothileyo nophando zejoloji, njengoko umthetho, iquka oku kulandelayo iintlobo zomsebenzi :

• laboratory processing lokuqala kwezinto eziqokelelweyo;
• isifundo Iifoto zasemoyeni;
• ukufunda indlela;
• vo yesimo sehlabathi;
• imisebenzi yovavanyo, kuquka kunokwembiwa amaqula;
• iimvavanyo zeengxondorha nemihlaba endle;
• iliso nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi;
• izifundo zokubhala;
• bekusetyenzwa elebhu;
• lokufunyaniswa izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo;
• epheleleyo laboratory processing of izinto eziqokelelweyo;
• ukubhala ingxelo yokugqibela kunye intshumayelo graphic izinto, iingcebiso nezimvo.

iziphumo zokugqibela zophando zobunjineli neznye

UPawulos umbandela, ungafuna bhala iziphumo ezithile kunye ecacileyo izifundo Geotechnical.

Ngoko ke, ngokutsho elinikwe kwiparameters kwezobunjineli kunye neznye umsebenzi wenziwe kwaye uqikelelo parameters zilandelayo:

• uzinzo isiseko rock izakhiwo ukuba deformation, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba "Buze 'ukusuka kwisiseko;
• amaplanga kunye neqondo ucinezelo kunye nexesha umhlaba kwi kwisiseko kwezakhiwo;
• uzinzo ngamatye lomhlaba nelamaxandeka sisomba, libe sisigingqi zokwakha, izisele indlela, manzi, lodaka, imisele kunye nezinye emathambekeni eyenziweyo;
• uzinzo kwezakhiwo hydraulic (umz amadama) kucheba deformation phantsi yengcinezelo kwemithombo yamanzi;
• okubonisa unxweme emva ukwakhiwa amadama;
• uzinzo iziseko zezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo kwi ngokuvela aphantsi komhlaba;
• izakhiwo engineering kunye eluncedo uzinzo owakhiwa permafrost kwiindawo ezisemngciphekweni zenyikima, kwimimandla nemingxuma karst, landslides, zekhephu kunye nezinye iintlekele zemvelo.

amaxwebhu zokulawula

umsebenzi lemveliso Geotechnical kwenziwa ngokungqinelana neemfuno zobuchwepheshe ezichazwe kuluhlu (kumagumbi) uphando imithetho zemveliso ukuxhasa uyilo lwemisebenzi yamalungiselelo phambi kokuqala ukwakha, kwakunye nophando eziqhubekayo kuqhutywa ngexesha lokwakha nokusebenza ukuya nya.

uluhlu uphawu ngezikhokelo zolawulo ekuveliseni umsebenzi zophando zobunjineli-zejoloji uquka iqela ngemithetho yokwakha kunye nemimiselo (isniphu), ezilawula uphumezo imisebenzi ngendlela efunwa yimimiselo karhulumente kunye nomthetho.