Chemical neempawu zomzimba itshokwe

Mel a intlenga emhlophe. Kuyinto ezingenakunyibilika emanzini ke imvelaphi organic. Ukususela nqaku sifunda, apho kusetyenziswa itshokwe, iimpawu zomzimba kunye imichiza yale uhlobo.

ukubunjwa

90 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo emntla Yurophu, kummandla esezantsi kulwandle olukhulu ayintlenga lwasemoyeni. lenyama (foraminifers) eziphilayo ubutyobo zaselwandle. amasuntswana zabo ziquka calcium kuhlawuliswa emanzini. Cretaceous iqela stratigraphic besahlulo yaseYurophu kwegama elifanayo wabonakala ngexesha. Ukususela oko kwasekwa i-White Cliffs e Kent nelamaxandeka kwelinye icala Strait of Dover. Kuyinto le iintsalela kwaye baba sisiseko yekalika. Noko ke, ekukhethwa ukuba iqulathe kwingxelo amatye kunye nemixube entle lisiza. Ngoko ke, abaphandi bagqibe ukuba imbonakalo ngetshokhwe - ngokwemfanelo kwezityalo.

Ubume kwedwala

Iintsalela kweembaza inokuqokelelana neetyuwa lwaba yekalika. Eweni iqulethe:

1. Malunga ne-10% kobutyobo skeletal. Phakathi kwabo, hayi nje kuphela, kodwa izilwanyana elula multicellular.
2. Malunga ne-10% foraminifer.
3. Ukuya kuma-40% amaqhekeza kwingxelo calcareous lisiza
4. Ukuya ku-50% ye-calcite entle crystalline. ubukhulu layo encinane kangangokuba eziphilayo ukufaka izinto isincedisi ezenza kuba nzima.
5. Ukuya kwi-3% kwezimbiwa ezingenakunyibilika. Ngokomthetho ke thaca silicates. izimbiwa enganyibilikiyo - uhlobo wenkunkuma zejoloji (amaqhekeza zeengxondorha ezahlukeneyo kunye nesanti), nto leyo idweliswe kwi neetyuwa Cretaceous ngu imisinga nemimoya.

Amaqokobhe of mbambela, concretions nezinye izimbiwa, coelenterates amathambo efumaneka uhlobo zinqabile.

Inkcazelo iimpawu ezibonakalayo yekalika - amandla

izinto Uphando lwaqhutywa yi izazinzulu ezininzi. Ngexesha imisebenzi Geotechnical Wayehlatyelwe ukuba kunzima poluskalnyh uhlobo. amandla akhe luqinisekiswa kakhulu ukufuma. Umoya-owomileyo eqine amandla ucinezelo yahluka ukusuka 1000 ukuya 45000 KN / m ^2. Le modulus elastic zamatye owomileyo - 3 amawaka MPA (ukuba imeko evakalala) ukuya amawaka 10 MPA (for ashinyeneyo) ... Ubukhulu zangaphakathi zochuku engile - 24-30 degrees, xa iklatshi lufika ucinezelo epheleleyo 700-800 KN / m ^2.

ukufuma

Phantsi yempembelelo iimpawu ezibonakalayo yekalika amanzi aqalise ukutshintsha. Ngokukodwa, amandla ayo kunciphisa. Utshintsho kwenzeka sele kwi-12% nokufuma. Xa 25-35% ngamaxesha 2-3 kwandiswe amandla compressive. Ngelo xesha linye ukubonisa ezinye iimpawu ezibonakalayo yekalika. Rock uba iplastiki. Oku kubonakaliswa nzima kakhulu inkqubo arhente nokusulungekiswa. Ngeli netshokhwe iqalisa ukuba babambelele amalungu kumatshini (kwi-emele excavator, yokuthutha ibhanti ezingena kweyona migaqo mikhulu, umzimba imoto). Ngokufuthi, iimpawu ezibonakalayo yekalika (amandla kunye ductility) akavumeli ukuba imveliso evela kumanqanaba asezantsi, nangona apha igqalwa umgangatho ophezulu.

frost ngamachiza

Emva yovalo-thawing ngetshokhwe disintegrates zibe ubungakanani amasuntswana ka 1-2 mm. Kwezinye iimeko, kuba iipropati rock kuyingenelo. Ngokomzekelo, xa isetyenziswa njenge ameliorant umhlaba xa deoxidation akukho mfuneko usile izinto ukuya 0.25 mm. Umhlaba lingenza ngelitye ukuya kwi-10 mm. Le owayevunyelwe-nobudlelwane kunye kokulima amaqhekeza nomhlaba zitshatyalaliswe ngokwabo. Ngenxa yoko, isiphumo neutralization alondolozwa ukuze ixesha elide.

Iipropati wokulinganisa: chemistry

Zizala kukhethwa luquka non-carbonate kunye nesabelo carbonate. Okokuqala ezingenakunyibilika e asidi acetic kunye zehydrochloric. Langoku oxides inxalenye metal uncarbonate, dust isanti, Marl, udongwe njalo njalo. Abanye babo ezingenakunyibilika kwezi asidi. Ngowe-98-99% inxalenye carbonate ngecalcium carbonate. amasuntswana crystalline of magnesia calcite, dolomite kunye siderite kwasekwa carbonates wemagniziyam ezifakwe kwi imali engephi in yekalika. Yenziwe ngoobani kunye neempawu zeengxondorha bakhonza njengendlela ngenxa yokuhlela.

Efumanise iidipozithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu

Ekuqaleni kwakukholelwa ukuba iipropati mechanical nemichiza ye-ngetshokhwe enye lonke endle. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, ummandla yokusebenza elide, ingakumbi emva kokuba inguqu nomfula kunye namashishini omlambo ukuvelisa iimveliso ngcono, ibonisa umahluko kwezi mpawu. Ngoko ke, kwiinkalo ezithile ikhutshwa phandle neeminerali, yaye yemephu zobugcisa. Abaphandi bafunda iimpawu imichiza yekalika kunye neempawu zayo lomatshini kumacandelo ahlukeneyo sedipozithi, makuboniswe iinkalo uhlobo lomgangatho ezisebenzisanayo.

uphuhliso lwamashishini

imali enkulu yekalika abakhoyo Belgorod kunye Voronezh iingingqi. umgangatho ngaphantsi ikhona Znamenskaia, Zaslonovskoy, Valuiskaya kunye nezinye iidipozithi. Ezi amasimi kubonakele kumanqanaba asezantsi noko CaCO ₃ (hayi ngaphezulu kwe 87%). Ukongeza, Iliwa iqulethe ukungcola ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ezi nkalo alinakuba ngaphandle zophuculo elikhulu ukufumana iimveliso ezisemgangathweni. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo yekalika kwi iidipozithi ezinjalo uvumele ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekwenziweni kwekalika, kwakunye nemisebenzi ukubangwa umhlaba deoxidation lomhlaba. Voronezh iidipozithi wabhekisela Coniacian Turonian-ubudala. Ikhupha wokulinganisa yodidi oluphezulu. Iimpawu kunye nokusebenzisa iliwa eziveliswa kwezi amasimi efundwayo ixesha elide. Imveliso kufunxwa kwi Voronezh obl., Ingaba ephezulu umxholo CaCO ₃ (kwi 98,5%). Xa umlinganiselo ubumdaka non-carbonate yi ngaphantsi kwe-2%. Imveliso kwi endle, Noko ke, ingxubakaxaka iimpawu ezibonakalayo yekalika. Ngokukodwa, Ukwanda layo eliphezulu lamanzi. Ipesenti ukufuma iliwa - malunga ne-32%.

iidipozithi ezithembisayo

Phakathi amasimi ezinkulu Kubalulekile ukuphawula Rossosh, Krupnennikovskoe, Buturlino kunye Kopanischenskoe. Itshokwe ke yokugqibela ezinawo 16,5-85 m. Ngumthwalo onzima lomhlaba ongaphezulu. balo babulingana nesandla malunga 1.8-2 m. The nkqo umgca ngetshokhwe layer yahlulwe iipakethi ezimbini. Ngelo emazantsi kukho ukuya kwi-98% calcium carbonate, engasentla kuli- ezincinane - ukuya 96-97,5%.

In Buturlino asendle yohlobo olunye kakhulu emhlophe ngetshokhwe turunskogo senani. Layer ubukhulu -. 19,5-41 m ubukhulu kuyo sonke ifikelela 9.5 m Waboniswa MARGELOV, ongaphezulu, udongwe, isanti kunye yelitye lentlabathi namabandla .. Umlinganiselo calcium nezinki carbonates ifikelela 99.3%. Kulo mzekelo, amacandelo ezingezo-carbonate zikhona ibe ncinci kakhulu.

Of umdla omkhulu kushishino amele Stoilenskoye Lebedinskoye endle. Kule nkalo, i-ngetshokhwe sele kwenziwe njengoko sonke bangeniswe iinkunkuma. imveliso ngonyaka ebandakanyekayo kukuba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-15 iitoni. Inkqubo ezihlanu kuzo ezisetyenziswa kumacandelo ezoqoqosho. Xa netshokhwe othile weza Stary efektri ukwenziwa zesamente kunye namanye amashishini encinci. Umqulu enkulu izinto geni utshabaleleyo ngokwenqanaba lobomi kubanye abantu.

Mel, ngubani na iidiphozithi intsimbi ekrwada kwi kwiinkalo dust kunye nomxholo carbonate uwela zibe kudidi ekumgangatho ophezulu. Ingasetyenziswa iinjongo zorhwebo singafumani ziqu enzulu. Kufuneka kuthiwe kuyilo lwamashishini imigodi kunye nokuqhutywa iingcali intsimbi, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela imigca zeteknoloji zikhukula wokulinganisa kufunxwa okanye indawo yokugcina yayo ngamnye.

Production kunye nokusetyenziswa

Iipropati eziluncedo yekalika baziwa ngokuba ixesha elide. Ekuqaleni, iliwa asetyenziswe ekwakheni. Ikalika eveliswa lulo. Ngetshokhwe powder wakhonza njengesiseko putty, putty, iipeyinti njalo njalo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 entsimini "White Intaba" bahlela mveliso zabucala. Xa amaziko shaft akhutshwa esisixa lime kunye nomgubo rock. Ngowe-1935 wabonwa Shebekinsky isityalo ukwenza imveliso iimveliso iinjongo zoshishino. Iipropati eziluncedo yekalika aye afuna ngayo umbane, ipeyinti, Polymer, irabha kunye namanye amashishini.

Kunye ukwanda iimfuno kwemveliso zaye ekukhuleni kwemfuneko ubulunga bayo. Khona ngo 1990, kwishishini nako ukunika kolu shishino kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko ekrwada. Kwingingqi Belgorod yaqala ukubonakala amashishini abucala. Inani elikhulu ngenxa imiqulu emikhulu iidiphozithi amatye kunye nokusebenziseka elikhangeleka technologies processing. Noko ke, iindlela zamandulo kwimveliso kunye post-processing, esetyenziswa kumashishini abucala, ayikwazanga ukunika anenani elifunekayo iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi ezi zityalo ziye zavalwa. Ngelo xesha amashishini amakhulu babesenza langoku sokuphuculwa nezixhobo zalo. Ukuveliswa iimveliso umgangatho woqeqesho kule minyaka 90 izityalo Belgorod, Petropavlovsk, Shebekinskaya.

Ukuveliswa brand ezikumgangatho ophezulu

Iimfuno eziphambili nemveliso itshokhwe, ukongeza ngokomlinganiselo carbonates ziquka coarseness - fineness. Oku kuchazwe amasalela phezu ngentluzo elimlinganiselo esithile okanye njengepesenti elimlinganiselo yamasuntswana kwangaphambili (isi-90% ubukhulu bamagaqa 2 MD).

Ukuvela lwelayini ezintsha kwimveliso ngenxa nokuveliswa ipeyinti, irabha, intlaka kunye nezinye iimveliso, apho nje izinto ekrwada ezisetyenzisiweyo itshokhwe, kwavusa kungalingani elibukhali phakathi tu kunye nemveliso. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokwayo kakhulu ngokucacileyo kwishishini ephepheni. Enterprises malunga neemfuno ezithile mboni itshokwe yangumgubo, esiye sathatha kaolin kwi kwimveliso.

brand Issue umgangatho swi kwiindawo ezicokisayo kummandla Belgorod. Ngaphandle Shebekinsky lweshishini, nto leyo yenza itshokwe eyahlukileyo, izityalo ezitsha zadalwa. Ngoko ke, ngo-1995 e-Lebedinsky GOK wabonakala sisityalo processing - JSC "Ruslime". Ku yakhiwa projekthi "Reverte" inkampani Spanish ne abaqikelelwa amandla 120 thous. Iitoni / ngonyaka. Isityalo ivelisa brand-10 ezahlukeneyo yekalika. Xa umgangatho wazo abekho ngaphantsi nucleoside angaphandle kwaye ziyangqinelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Le nkampani uuba lixhotyisiwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu mihla zobugcisa, ukusebenza ngomhla imigca imishini kunye ezenzekelayo.

Ngokutsho inkampani projekthi "Mabetex" kwi Stoilensky isityalo yayisakhiwa ngendlela umthamo itshokhwe iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu amawaka 300 neetoni. Ngelo xesha linye inkampani nezicwangciso ukunika ekwandeni ngomthamo.

ezizalana Raspuskaemost

Enye indlela ezingundoqo ekuhlalutyeni iimpawu ezibonakalayo yamatye kule intsimi entsha okanye indawo inxaxheba kule nkqubo ekhoyo umgca zeteknoloji, na ukuziphatha yekalika ngexesha ukugaywa. Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, xa umaleko ezahlukeneyo iidipozithi ngezixhobo uneempawu mechanical ezahlukeneyo. Ngokweliso ukukhomba ezi yantlukwano akukwazeki kwiimeko ezininzi. Nokuzimisela ukuziphatha ngetshokhwe kwinkqubo inkqubo sokusila owomileyo ikhutshwa phandle sisicwangciso isalathisi raspuskaemosti kuyo kwindawo kufumile kwi impembelelo ngoomatshini. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa.

sodium nebhiKharbonati

izinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka lekalika okanye ngetshokhwe zisetyenziselwa imveliso yawo. iipropati simlungele ephilayo, yababephethwe sodium hydrogen carbonate, ezaziwa abaninzi. Lidla isetyenziswa izifo iintsini nasemqaleni, heartburn, ukuba liquefy i phlegm ngokuthi ukukhohlela. Kushishino, iimpawu ezibonakalayo ye soda kunye netshokhwe athandwa kakhulu. Zombini ezi zinto zisetyenziswa ukwakha, uhombiso, izixhobo yokuvelisa, iipeyinti kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ngokumalunga ukuveliswa calcium carbonate, ukusetyenziswa yekalika enye kuphela ingqalelo ukuziqhuba. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le ephilayo kakhulu simunce kakuhle ukufuma, ngaloo ndlela itshintsha iimpawu zayo mechanical. Oku, kakubi ichaphazela indlela yenkqubo.

Ingaba ndingayifumana CaCO _3?

Kwanele ngokubanzi kukholelwa ukuba oogqirha bacebisa ukusetyenziswa yekalika Medical. Iimpawu le nto kukholelwa ukuba negalelo wemvula ngecalcium intswelo. Okokuqala kufuneka kuthiwe amagqirha ngokukodwa kubonakaliswa kwesi sihlandlo. Amaninzi iingcali ukunyanga abantu bathanda ukutya itshokhwe (ukutya). Useful iimpawu umbandela, Noko ke, kuyathandabuzeka kakhulu. Ikhonkco nokudla wayo kunokubangela kukungabi calcium. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba iimpawu iziyobisi ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho ebalulekileyo xa engena isisu. Watyhutyha ilizwe iinkqubo igcwala eziliqela, ithe yoqobo layo cala kwaye similise okwaloo reagent. Izenzo zayo uyafana kweziyobisi kwekalika islaked. Ngenxa yoko, nesisu uqalisa ukuchaphazela ngetshokhwe oxidized. amayeza ngexesha elinye akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa. Ngokwahluke ngokupheleleyo koko. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba xi icalcium mbandela liphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo yekalika kunokubangela calcification nemithambo. Ngoko ke, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba afake calcium gluconate okanye amachiza afanayo. Njengoko sokubanjwa, lahlani heartburn, ngoko, njengoko abantu abaninzi abaye bazama ukulungisa ngodaka oluhlephukayo, akunamsebenzi kunceda kulo.

Industrial nokusetyenziswa ekhaya

Mel lisebenza njengecandelo kuyimfuneko lephepha, esetyenziswa kushicilelo. usasazeko High ngecalcium carbonate kwifomu kwamaqondo eparticulate kuchaphazela iimpawu ezisebenzisa ushicilelo, porosity, behanahanisa kweemveliso. Ngenxa yobukho yekalika kunciphisa amanqaku esirhabaxa. Hlobo isando ngendlela esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweendonga ngokuluqaba mhlophe, esikuthintela, ukhuselo imithi. Wokulinganisa isetyenziswa nokusulungekiswa yejusi beet, nto leyo esetyenziswa kwishishini mdlalo. Ukuze ezi njongo, njengoko umthetho, ebizwa ngokuba yi-sivete uhlobo efanelekileyo. Ezo netshokhwe afana ekulungele yezimbiwa calcium. Kunye nezinye rocks carbonate into esetyenziswa ekuphekeni iglasi njengenye yeekhomponenti esibi. Ngenxa ngetshokhwe kwandisa uzinzo wobushushu wemveliso, amandla ayo mechanical kunye nozinzo xa baboniswa imo yezulu kunye neekhemikhali. Luphawu ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso izichumisi uhlobo. Kwakhona, ngetshokhwe igalelwe feed yezilwanyana izilwanyana zasefama.

imboni irabha mechanical

Mel kwindawo yokuqala phakathi kwabo bonke fillers ezisetyenziswa kweli shishini. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwale nto ekrwada kuluncedo ngokwezoqoqosho. Mel has a ixabiso elincinane kakhulu. Ngelo xesha linye ukuqaliswa ibe iimveliso zerabha ayikho yingozi. Isizathu sesibini sokuba ukuthandwa izinto ekrwada kushishino uthetha lokuhlola zobugcisa. Mel lula kakhulu inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso zerabha zobugcisa. Ngokukodwa, oko kwandiswa ngenxa yokuhlanganisa, umphezulu uba iimveliso egudileyo. Ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeliwa yerabha nomsi- kunye nakwamanye amazwe, iimveliso zeplastiki, isikhumba njalo njalo.