Biography ye Khachaturian Aram Ilyich. Iinkcukacha. Iifoto

Ubuntu abuzange bufikelele kwisakhelo esicetywayo. Umzekelo omhle weli yi-biography ye-Khachaturian Aram Ilyich. Khachaturian wayefuna ukwazi lonke ihlabathi. Unyana wencwadana yokufumana ibhulogi yamkelwa ngu-Queen Elizabeth waseBelgium, wamkelwa nguTe Guevara oyi-Revolutionary, waziswa kwiqhawe labafundi be-Ernest Hemingway-kwaye konke oku kungenxa yesipho sakhe esiphezulu somculi lowo umculo wakhe owenzela kwimivalo yokuqala.

Iminyaka yobuntwana

I-Aram Khachaturyan yazalwa kwidolophana kufuphi neTiflis ngowe-1903, kwaye yakhulela kule sixeko esomsindo nesivuyo egcwele umculo womculo waseArmenian, waseGeorgia ne-Russian. Ukususela ebuntwaneni wathetha iilwimi ezintathu. Izindlu - ngesiArmenian, egcekeni - ngesiGeorgia, kwisikolo-ngesiRashiya. Kwaye kwakuqhelekile, yendalo. Akukho mntu uvalelwe kwisakhelo esincinci sobuzwe, kwaye i-Aram yayivulekele kuzo zonke iintlobo. Wayephulaphula indlela oomama baseArmenian bahlabelela iingoma, i-polyphonic yaseGeorgia yayisitratweni, izandi zaseRashiya zavakala kwiipaki. Kulo moya, umntwana wayefuna ukucula nokudlala. Yayiyolonwabo xa, kweso sihlandlo, wathenga ipiyano enkulu ngeekhiye zokucima! I-Aram kuyo ngokukhawuleza yafunda ukuthabatha zonke iingoma ngeendlebe, kwaye iphinde ihlaziye ncinane. Ngaloo ndlela yaqala ukuhlaziywa kwe-Khachaturian.

EMoscow

Izindlu azizange zivume ukuthanda kwakhe umculo kwaye zithunyelwa iminyaka elishumi elinesithoba kwi-capital to u-Suren umzalwana. Kulapho, iAram yangena kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwiCandelo leBiology. Kodwa uqobo lwengxowankulu-indawo yomculo kunye neenkcubeko apho unokuya kwiikhamphoni ze-symphony, ukuphulaphula ii-opas, ukuya kwimiboniso kaMayakovsky, akazange abe ne-Aram ukuze enze i-biology. Wayekhangeka ngokungahambiyo kumculo. Kwaye abahlobo bakhe abazalwana bamcebisa ukuba bamnake ngqalelo. Ngenxa yoko, engayazi ukuhlaziywa komculo, umfana onesibindi waya kwi-audition kwi-Gnessin School. Ootitshala babethwa ngumva, imemori yomculo, isingeniso nesingakwazi ukudlala nayiphi na yezixhobo zomculo. Kodwa i-Aram yamkeleka, ingagqiba isigqibo sokuqala, yiyiphi i-faculty. Kwakuyi talente ekwazisa indlela i-bichrarian's biography eya kusekwa ngayo.

Ukufunda kwiindawo ezimbini

I-Aram yachithwa. Wayefuna ukukholisa uyise nonina, kwaye akazange ayeke iyunivesithi, kwaye wathunyelwa ekufundeni esikolweni kwiklasi yesikolo, into entsha, kunye nayo yonke imfundiso efunekayo ukufumana abafundi ababefunda nabo kusukela ebuntwaneni.

Imali yayingonelanga, wayesebenza ngesikhathesi-sithuba sokukhulula, ngoko ke ngokufundisa, wayefundisa izifundo zomculo kwi-kindergarten. Ukunxibelelana nabantwana abancinci kwanika iAram umdlalo omkhulu. Ngelo xesha waqala ukuqamba, ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba imidlalo yakhe inokunikezelwa kwiingcali.

Conservatory

Ukususela ngo-1929 ukuya ku-1934, u-Aram Ilyich wafunda ukubunjwa phantsi kolawulo lwe-MF Gnesin, emva koko uN. Myaskovsky. Indlela ebomini kuye yayizimisele-ukubunjwa kwemisebenzi yomculo: kwiminyaka yabafundi kwakukho ama-suites, ama-tokaty, amakhonsathi. I-trio ye-clarinet kunye ne-violin yayidunyiswa kakhulu yi-S. Prokofiev kwaye yamyisa eFransi. Yayisenziwa kuqala eParis. Ngoko i-Khachaturian's biography yaphuhliswa ngexesha lomfundi.

Umtshato nobomi bomntu

Ngomnyaka we-1933 umtshato waseAram kunye nomfundi owayefunda nabo, kwenzeka kwikomidi uNina Vladimirovna Makarova. Kwakuyimanyano exonwabo, apho unyana kaKaren wazalwa khona. Intsapho yayigcwele ukuqonda kunye kunye nokuvisisana ngokupheleleyo. Ngomnye umnyaka wamashumi amathathu nantathu wesithathu, i-"Dance Suite" yenkwenkwezi kunye nemibala enemibala eyahlukeneyo yenzelwa i-symphony orchestra. Ukuphela kwe-conservatory kwaphawulwa ngumbonakalo we-First Symphony, owawuthetha phantsi kweempahla zakhe. Ukukhula kokudala komqambi, owayeneminyaka engama-32 ubudala, wayeza.

Iminyaka Yemfazwe

Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, i-Aram Khachaturyan yabhala ibhalts "Injabulo". I-freetto ayiphumelelanga kakhulu, ngoko ke, kamva kwi-Perm yobusika, wadala umsebenzi omtsha obizwa ngokuba nguGayane. Ngelo xesha, i-Aram Khachaturyan yayingumqambi owaziwayo. Ngomculo wakhe we drama "Masquerade" kunye nomdlalo "Umhlolokazi waseValencian" wanikezwa iMyalelo kaLenin. I-ballet "iGayane" ibanjwe yi-Kirov Theatre ngo-1942. Ngomnyaka we-1944 i-Aram Ilyich yabhalela okwesibini, "i-Military" symphony, kwaye yagqitywa nekhonsathi ye-violin, umenzi wokuqala wokuqala uDavid Oistrakh. Ngo-1944 wadala iculo lesizwe laseArmenia. Wafika eYerevan ehlobo, iifestile kwindlu yayivulekileyo, kwaye izandi zengoma phantsi kwazo zaqokelela abantu abaye bahlala phantsi kweefestile, baqala ukucula kunye nomculo owawuva.

Ngomnyaka we-1945, umqambi, ngomsinga woluvuyo oludumile kunye nomdla, wakha i-symphony "inqobayo" yesithathu. Wayekhumbula ukuba abaculi abalambileyo-yena, uShostakovich no-Oistrakh-banike ikhonkethi abaye baphathwa ngayo ekudleni. Yaye loo mzuzwana wawunomxholo we-Khachaturian.

Umzabalazo owenziwe ngomculo

Emva kwemfazwe, uStalin waqala ukulwa ne-cosmopolitanism. Zonke iintlobo zobugcisa zomeleleyo. U-Aram Ilyich, owakhusela uS. Prokofiev, wamangalelwa ngesimo. Isimangalo sasingenangqondo, njengomculo we-maestro wawusekelwe kwiingoma zomntu ezavusa umqambi womqambi. Kodwa waxoshwa kwi-Union of Composers, kwaye emva koko u-Aram Ilyich waqala ngomsebenzi omkhulu wokudala. Ngowe-1954, wagqiba umsebenzi kwi-ballet "Spartacus", kwaye i-premiere yakhe yenzeka emva kweminyaka emibili eLeningrad. Kodwa ibhaltshi egcweleyo yenziwa kuphela ngowe-1968 kwinqanaba leTheatre leBolshoi. Kuye ekutyeleleni kwaya phesheya, njengokuba "Gayane", kwaye "Udansa nge-sabers" yaba yinto emele.

Sebenza nge-theater kunye ne-cinema

Ukuveliswa kwemithambo, njengoko kuchaziwe, i-Aram Ilyich yabhala umculo. Kwi-akhawunti yakhe, iimveliso ezingamashumi amabini kunye namafilimu angamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Olunye lomsebenzi kamva aphinde abuyele kwii-suites. Le "yi-Masquerade", "uLermontov", "Macbeth", "iNkosi yaseLear", "iSpartacus", "iGayane" kunye nabanye abaninzi, abathandwa kakhulu.

Ukufundisa kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu

Kwiminyaka engama-60, kunye nomsebenzi wobuchule u-Aram Ilyich ufundiswe kwi-Conservatory yaseMoscow, nakwiziko. Gnessins. Wadala entsha, wavelisa imigaqo yokubunjwa. UAndrei Eshpai, u- Alexey Rybnikov, uMichael Tariverdiyev wafunda apho. Kwaye olu luhlu lunokuqhubeka ixesha elide. Ngethuba elifanayo, umsebenzi wakhe omele ummeli, okwenziwa yi-Khachaturian's biography, ufanelekile. Isithombiso esingezansi simbonisa ngo-Queen Elizabeth waseBelgium. Akazange avume ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe kwaye wadibana noCharlie Chaplin, kunye noHerbert von Karajan, kunye noPapa. Kodwa kumcaphukisa ukuba umsebenzi obalaseleyo ulumnike ithuba lokubhala i-opera. Wanikezelwa ngesihloko seHero yezoBasebenzi beSocialist ngenxa yeenkonzo zakhe kwiminyaka eyi-70 ngo-1973. I-Aram Ilyich yayiyilungu elihloniphekileyo le-Academy of Music yase-Italy, uprofesa kwi-Conservatory yaseMexico, ilungu elifanayo le-Academy of Arts yaseGDR.

Ubomi obunjalo buthintela impilo yomqambi, yaye wayeqhele ukugula. Watshatyalaliswa ukugula nokufa komfazi wakhe othandekayo ngo-1976. Kwaye, u-Aram Ilyich wayengenakukwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwakhe. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngowe-1978, ngo-75 wayengasekho. I-biography yomqambi omkhulu uKhachaturian Aram Ilyich uphelile kwi-exposure yethu. Ubomi bakhe buqhubela phambili kumculo nakwimisebenzi yabafundi bakhe.

Inkcazelo ye-Khachaturian ngokufutshane malunga nabantwana

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwi-Tiflis enomsindo kunye nomlilo (ngoku kuthiwa yiTbilisi), unyana wesine wazalelwa kwikhaya lomshicileli, owayebizwa ngokuba ngu-Aram. Akukho mntu wayesazi ukuba ukususela ebuntwaneni bephulaphule iingoma ezithandwayo ezivela kumacala onke ukusuka kwiiyadi kunye nezitrato, inkwenkwe encinane iya kufunda ngepayili ephukile yindlebe ngeyendlebe ukuba iqoke naluphi na ingoma kwaye yonge into ethile kuyo, kwaye iya kuhamba eMoscow kwaye iya Funda kwi-biologist kunye nomculi. Abo banomculo wesikolo bayazi ukuba lixesha elingakanani kunye nomzamo owenzayo ukuze uthole uphawu olufanelekileyo, kwaye emva kokuba isikolo somculo nesikolo unokwenza, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwi-Conservatory. Kodwa umfana osemnene kakhulu wamkelwa kwiKholeji yaseGnessin, nangona wayengazi ukuqatshelwa komculo, kwaye ayengasetyenziswanga izandla zakhe, kwaye wayengenakudlala nayiphi na isixhobo somculo. Uninzi lweAram Ilyich Khachaturyan kwafuneka luqonde. Kodwa wafunda nzima, kwaye yonke ixesha waqamba umculo. Kwaye xa ephumelele kwi-conservatory, ukubunjwa kwakhe kwakungumlenze we drama yeLermontov ethi "Masquerade." Eklasini kwiklasi lomculo, oku, njengoko bethetha ngoku, uvakala njenge-hit, efana ne "Dancing with sabers" kwi-ballet "iGayane".

Imisebenzi yaseAram Ilyich yadlaliswa ngabadlali bethu abalungileyo, abaye bajikeleza kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngoko imisebenzi yakhe yayingabonwa kuphela ekhaya, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Wayeyindwendwe eyamkelekileyo ka-Queen of Belgium, uCharlie Chaplin, uStravinsky, uSibelius, uPapa waseRoma. Le yimiba ye-Khachaturian kubantwana.