"Umququ wokugqibela": isishwankathelo esifutshane. "Umququ wokugqibela" we-Astafiev ngesishwankathelo

UViktor Petrovich Astafiev ungumlobi owaziwayo waseRashiya, umlobi wencwadi, ohlala kwi-1924 ukuya ku-2001. Into ephambili emsebenzini wakhe yayiyinhloko yokugcina isithunzi sesizwe saseRussia. Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ye-Astafiev: "Inkwenkwezi", "Ubusela", "Endaweni ethile iMfazwe iyadala", "Umalusi noMalusi", "Intlanzi yaseTyar", "Abasebenzi abonwabisayo", "Umculi onobuhlungu" ", Enyanisweni, iya kuthi iyaqhubeka ixutyushwa. Kukho konke akuchazile, kwakukho uthando kunye nokulangazelela ixesha elidlulileyo, kwidolophana yasekuhlaleni, kwabo bantu, malunga nolu hlobo, ngokufutshane, malunga ne-Motherland. Imisebenzi ka-Astaf'ev yaxelwa kwakhona ngemfazwe abantu abaqhelekileyo abahlala bayibona kunye nabo.

Astafyev, "Umququ wokugqibela". Uhlalutyo

Umxholo welali, njengesihloko semfazwe, u-Astafiev wanikela ngokubanzi imisebenzi yakhe, kwaye "Umnsalongo wokugqibela" ungomnye wabo. Kubhaliwe ngendlela yendaba ebalulekileyo, equlethwe ngamabali ahlukeneyo, anomfanekiso wendalo, apho uAstafiev Victor Petrovich uchaza ubuncinane bakhe nobomi bakhe. Ezi zikhumbuzo azilungiswa kwikhonkco edibeneyo, zifakwe kwiipasiti ezihlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, le ncwadi kunye nokuqokelela amabali kunzima ukubiza igama, kuba yonke into iyadibaniswa ngumxholo omnye.

UVictor Astafiev "Ugosa lokugqibela" uzinikezela kwi-Motherland ekuqondeni kwakhe. Leli dolophu kunye nelizwe lakubo kunye nemvelo yasendle, isimo sezulu esibuhlungu, iYenisei enamandla, iintaba ezintle kunye ne-taiga. Yaye ichaza yonke le nto yangaphambili kwaye ichukumisa, eqinisweni, malunga nale ncwadana. I-Astafiev "Umququ wokugqibela" wadalwa njengomsebenzi wokwenza izinto, ochaphazela iingxaki zabantu abaqhelekileyo abangaphezu kwesinye isizukulwana kwimiba enzima kakhulu yokujika.

Iqhinga

I-protagonist i-Vitya Potylitsyn yinkwenkwe ekhuliswe ngu-ugogo. Uyise wayisela kwaye wayela kakhulu, ekugqibeleni walahla intsapho yakhe waza waya kwisixeko. Kwaye umama kaVitya wagxobhoza kwiYenisei. Ubomi benkwenkwe, ngokusemthethweni, abuzange buhluke kubomi bezinye iidolophana. Wayekunceda abadala endlwini, wahamba ngamakhowa kunye namajikijolo, waya ekuloba, kwaye wayenomdla, njengontanga yonke. Ngoko ungaqala isishwankathelo esifutshane. "Umnshu wokugqibela" I-Astafiev, kufuneka ndithi, ephathekayo kuCatherine Petrovna umfanekiso odibeneyo oogogo baseRussia, apho yonke into eyayizalwa yindalo, ilifa, eliza kuphakade. Umbhali akafaki nantoni na kuyo, wenza into encinci, i-grouchy, enomnqweno wokufunda yonke into yokuqala kunye nokulahla yonke into eyedwa. Ngelinye igama, "jikelele kwi-skirt". Uthanda wonke umntu, unakekela wonke umntu, wonke umntu ufuna ukusifumana.

Uhlala exhalabele kwaye ehlushwa ngabantwana bakhe, abazukulwana bakhe, ngenxa yoko, umsindo kunye neinyembezi zivela ngaphandle. Kodwa ukuba ugogo uqala ukuthetha ngobomi, kuyavela, kwaye kwakungekho nantlungu kuye. Abantwana babehlala bevuya. Nangona xa egula, wawaphatha ngobuchule ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcambu. Kwaye akukho namnye kubo owafa, akunjalo lo lonwabo? Emva kokuba ikhwele ingalo yakhe eplowland kwaye yayisibeka ngokukhawuleza, kodwa yayingakwazi ukuhlala i-scytza, kodwa ayizange ibe yinto evuyayo.

Oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo yabagogo baseRussia. Kwaye kukho ubomi kulo mfanekiso into enomusa ebomini, esizalweni, illaby kunye nokunika ubomi.

Jikela kwi-destiny

Ukuqhubela phambili akuyi kuba mnandi kakhulu, njengokuba ekuqaleni kuchaza ubomi bommandla weconagonist umxholo omfutshane. "Ekugqibeleni ugxininise" UAstafiev uyaqhubeka ukuba kwi-Vitka ngokukhawuleza ivela ebomini elibi ebomini. Ekubeni kwakungekho sikolo kwidolophana, wathunyelwa kwisixeko kuyise kunye nonina. Kwaye uAstafiev Viktor Petrovich ukhumbula ukuhlushwa kwakhe, ukuthunjwa, ukulamba, inkedama kunye nokungabi namakhaya.

Ingaba uVitka Potylitsyn wayenokukwazi njani into okanye atyala umntu ngomngcipheko wakhe? Wayephila ngokusemandleni akhe ukuba aphunyuke ekufeni, kwaye waze wakwazi ukonwaba ngamanye amaxesha . Umbhali apha akahawukeli yena kuphela, kodwa yonke isizukulwana esincinane sazo ntsuku, esasindayo ekuhluphekeni.

Emva koko uVitka waqonda ukuba uphumelele kuyo yonke le mibulelo kwimithandazo yokulondoloza kukagogo wakhe, othe waziva entliziyweni yakhe intlungu kunye nesizungu. Waye wanciphisa umphefumlo wakhe, ufundisa umonde, ukuxolelwa kunye nokukwazi ukubona kwimfudu emnyama, nokuba yintsimi encinci kwaye uyabulela.

ISchool of Survival

Kwixesha lokuthunyelwa kwexesha elizayo, iidolophu zaseSiberia zazingelwa phantsi. Kukho intshabalalo yonke. Izinkulungwane zeentsapho zaza zazingenamakhaya, ezininzi zazithathwa zibe yintlawulo. Emva kokufudukela kuyise kunye nonina, ohlala kwiindawo ezingenasiphelo kunye nokusela kakhulu, uVitka waqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba akukho mntu ufuna. Kungekudala ufumana ukungquzulana esikolweni, ukutshatyalalwa kukaba kunye nokuthobela izihlobo. Esi sisishwankathelo. "Ekugqibeleni, u-Astafiev usitsho ngokuqhubekayo ukuba emva kwedolophana kunye nendlu kagogo, apho, mhlawumbi, kwakungekho mpu melelo, kodwa kwakuhlala kukho intuthuzelo kunye nothando, le nkwenkwana ifunyanwa kwihlabathi elinobutyebi kunye nentliziyo engenangqondo. Uba ngongenangqondo, kwaye izenzo zakhe zikhohlakeleyo, kodwa kodwa ukukhuliswa kukagogo nokuthanda kweencwadi kuza kuvelisa iziqhamo.

Yaye ngoxa i-orphanage imlindele, kwaye oku kuchaza ngokufutshane isishwankathelo. "Ukugqithisa kokugqibela" kwe-Astafiev kubonisa ngokucacileyo yonke imithwalo yobomi bomntwana osweleyo, kuquka nezifundo zakhe kwikholeji yefektri, ukuya empini kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukubuyela.

Buyela

Emva kwemfazwe, uVictor wahamba waya kwidolophana waya kunogogo wakhe. Wayenqwenela ukudibana naye, kuba waba ngumntu oyedwa kunye nomthandayo kakhulu kwihlabathi lonke. Wayehamba ngegadi zegadi, enamathele kwiintambo zakhe, intliziyo yakhe yayicinezelekile kakhulu esifubeni sakhe. UVictor wenza indlela yokuhlambela, apho uphahla lwaluye lwawa khona, yonke into yayingenakunikwa ingqalelo ngumnini, kwaye wabona phantsi kwefestile ekhitshini ibhokhwe elincinci lomthi. Oku kubonise ukuba umntu uhlala endlwini.

Ngaphambi kokungena kwindlu yendlu, ngokukhawuleza wayeka. Umphefumlo kaVictor wawumile. Ukuqokelela emoyeni, umfana ngokuthula, ekhohlisayo, ngokugqithiseleyo waphoswa endlwini yakhe waza wabona indlela ugogo wakhe, efana nezinsuku zakudala, wayehleli ebhentshini ecaleni kwefestile aze aphephe imicu ibe yintambo.

Imizuzu yokungabikho

I-protagonist yazicingela yona ukuba ngeli xesha iqhwithi lihamba phezu kwehlabathi lonke, izigidi zabantu ubomi babonakalisiwe, kwakukho ukulwa okubulalayo kunye ne-fascism ethiyiweyo, amazwe amatsha awakhiwa, kwaye ke yonke into yayifana nokuba ixesha lidlule. Ikhuphe elifanayo lepotton kwi-specks, ikhabhodi yodonga efanelekileyo, izitofu zetsimbi, njl njl. Kuphela ayizange ivumba i-cow swill, ii-litate ezibilisiwe kunye ne-sauerkraut.

Ugogo uEkaterina Petrovna, ebona umzukulu okade ulindelwe, wayevuyiswa kakhulu waza wamcela ukuba asondele kufuphi ukuba amkele kwaye awele. Ilizwi lakhe lahlala linobubele kwaye linyamezela ngathi ukuba umzukulwana wakhe ubuyile ekulweni, kodwa ekulobeni okanye ehlathini, apho wayehlala khona noyise.

Intlanganiso ekulindelwe ixesha elide

Ijoni elibuya kwimfazwe lacinga ukuba mhlawumbi ugogo wayengammkeli, kodwa kwakungenjalo. Ukumbona, umfazi omdala wayefuna ukuma ngokukhawuleza, kodwa imilenze yakhe ebuthakathaka ayizange imvumele ukuba enze oku, kwaye waqala ukunamathela ezandleni zakhe etafileni.

Unina wayekhulile. Nangona kunjalo, wayevuya gqitha ukubona umzukulu wakhe othandekayo. Kwaye ndavuya kukuba, ekugqibeleni, ndalinda. Wambheka ixesha elide kwaye akazange akholelwe emehlweni akhe. Emva koko wathi wayemthandazela imini nobusuku, kwaye ngenxa yokuhlangana nentombi yakhe ethandekayo, naye wayehlala. Kuphela nje, ukumlinda, ugogo wayefa ngokuthula. Wayeneminyaka eyi-86 ubudala, ngoko wabuza umzukulwana wakhe ukuba eze emngcwabeni wakhe.

Ukuxinezeleka kwe-melancholy

Yonke isishwankathelo. "Umnsalo wokugqibela" i-Astafiev iphetha ngento yokuba uVictor waya emsebenzini kwii-Urals. Iqhawe lafumana i-telegram malunga nokufa kuka-ugogo, kodwa akazange akhululwe emsebenzini, ebhekise kwi- charter ye-shishini. Ngaloo xesha bayeke ukuya kumngcwabo waboyise okanye unina. Ulawulo kunye nolwazi alufunanga ukuba ugogo wayemshiya abazali bakhe bobabini. Ngoko uVictor Petrovich akazange ahambe emngcwabeni, ngoko wazisola kakhulu ubomi bakhe bonke. Wayecinga ukuba ukuba oko kwenzeka ntoni ngoku, wayeza kubaleka okanye ahambe ngokukhawuleza esuka kwii-Urals ukuya eSiberia, kuphela ukuvala amehlo akhe. Ngoko lonke ixesha waza wahlala kuye le wayini, ezolileyo, ezicinezelayo, ezingunaphakade. Nangona kunjalo, wayeqonda ukuba ugogo wakhe wamxolela, kuba wayemthanda umzukulu wakhe kakhulu.