"Ihlabathi elitsha elinobuganga": isishwankathelo esifutshane. "Ihlabathi Elitsha Elinobungqingili" - iveli ye-Aldous Huxley

Ukuqonda indlela enzulu ngayo intsingiselo yalolu hlobo okanye ukuveliswa kweprose, kubalulekile ukufunda isishwankathelo semisebenzi. "Ihlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho" -nomxholo onentsingiselo ejulile, ebhaliweyo ngumlobi onemiboniso ekhethekileyo yehlabathi. U-Aldous Huxley wabhala iincwadana ezimangalisayo ezisekelwe kukuphuhliswa kobugcisa bezesayensi. Umbono wakhe wokungathembeki ngayo yonke into ekhusayo yabafundi.

Xa intando yeziganeko zazisa ifilosofi ekupheleni kokufa, iHuxley yayithatyathwa yintliziyo kwaye yafunda iimfundiso zabantu baseMpuma. Wayenomdla ngokukhethekileyo kwimbono yokukhulisa indoda e-amphibian, iguqulelwe ukuba ibe khona kuzo zonke iimeko zendalo. Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe wathetha ibinzana elithetha ukuba namhlanje ucinga ukuba ungaphila ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokwezinga elithile ibali leHuxley "likaHlabathi elitsha elinobuqili", eliqulethe elifutshane libonisa intsingiselo ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi.

U-Huxley uzama ukuzama ukufumana intsingiselo yobomi, ngoxa ecinga ngeengxaki eziphambili zoluntu. Ngenxa yoko, wafika kwisigqibo sokuba kufuneka nje ube nomusa komnye nomnye. Yiloo nto ayicinga ngayo impendulo kuphela kwimibandela yokuphila emhlabeni.

Umzobo weBaographical

U-Aldous uLeonard Huxley e-Godalmine, eSyrey (Great Britain). Intsapho yakhe yayiphilile kwaye yayingumgangatho ophakathi. Umntu omkhulu uMatthew Arnold wayengumhlobo wakhe kwinqanaba lomama. ULeonard Huxley, uyise wengumbhali wexesha elizayo, wayengumhleli, wabhala imisebenzi yezobugcisa kunye neenkondlo. Ngomnyaka we-1908, uAldous waya kufundelwa kwiKholeji yase-Eaton eBerkshire waza wafunda apho kwada kwa-1913. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-14, wafumana ubunzima bokuqala bokufa-unina. Oku kwakungesiye kuphela ukuvavanywa okwakusilungiselelwe.

Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-16 ubudala, wayenokhalala. Iingxaki zazizinzulu-malunga neenyanga ezili-18, umbono wanyamalala ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa uAldous akazange alahle, wafunda isicatshulwa seBraille, emva koko emva kweengxelo ezinzulu wayekwazi ukufunda kwiiglasi ezikhethekileyo. Ngombulelo wamandla, waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe, kwaye ngo-1916 wanikezelwa i-Bachelor of Arts degree ukusuka kwi-Oxford College yaseBalaola. Umbono wempilo yombhali akazange amvumele ukuba aqhube umsebenzi wakhe wesayensi. Akakwazanga ukuya empini, ngoko uHuxley wanquma ukuba ngumlobi. Ngomnyaka we-1917, wathola umsebenzi kwiNkonzo yoMfazwe yaseLondon, kwaye kamva waba ngutitshala kwiikholeji ze-Eton noRepton. Amashumi amabini abhalwe ngumhlobo kunye no-DG Lawrence kunye nohambo lwabo oluhlangeneyo ngokusebenzisa i-Italy neFransi (wachitha ixesha elide kunayo e-Italy). Endaweni efanayo wabhala umsebenzi oyingqayizivele apho ukubonakaliswa kobomi obunzima bomntu wexesha elizayo kuboniswe. Ukuqonda intsingiselo yokuba umbhali utyalomali ekudalweni kwakhe, umxholo omfutshane uza kunceda. "Ihlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho" lingabizwa ngokuba ngumbheno wenveli kubo bonke abantu.

Inkcazo

I-State State yindawo yokulwa nokulwa. Ixesha lexesha lokuzinza-unyaka wama-632 we-Era Ford. Umlawuli ophakamileyo, obizwa ngokuba yi "Nkosi yethu Ford" ngumdali owaziwayo wenkampani enkulu yezimoto. Ifom karhulumente yintando yenzululwazi. Inzala ikhulile kwi-incubators eyenziwe ngokukhethekileyo. Ukuze kungabikho ulwaphulo lwenkqubo yentlalo, abantu ngabanye bahlala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwaye bahlulwe kwi-castes-i-alpha, i-beta, i-gamma, i-delta kunye ne-epsilon. I-caste nganye inomxholo wombala wayo.

I-servility phambi kwe-castes ephezulu kunye nokunyanzelwa kwe-castes engezantsi zikhuliswe kubantu ukususela ekuqaleni, emva nje kweMichilo. Ukuqonda indlela umlobi abheka ngayo ihlabathi, isishwankathelo esifutshane siya kunceda. "Ihlabathi Elitsha Elinobuganga" - incwadana ebhaliweyo nguHuxley iminyaka emininzi edlulileyo-ibonisa iziganeko ezenzeka namhlanje kwihlabathi lenene.

Impucuko ngokusebenzisa amehlo kaHuxley

Into ephambili ebantwini beSizwe soMhlaba ngumnqweno wokumiswa. Isiqubulo sithi: "Uluntu. Ubulungisa. Uzinzo ". Enyanisweni, ukususela ebusheni, abemi beeplanethi basebenzisa iinyaniso, abahlala ubomi babo bonke. Imbali kubo ayikho, iinjongo kunye namava nazo ziyimfucu engeyomfuneko. Akukho nentsapho, akukho thando. Sekuncinaneni ukususela ebuntwaneni, abantwana bafundiswa imidlalo yokuzonwabisa kwaye bafundiswa ukuba batshintshise rhoqo amaqabane, kuba ngokwelo mfundiso, umntu ngamnye ngumntu wonke. Ubugcisa buyabhujiswa, kodwa udidi lokuzonwabisa lukhula ngokukhawuleza. Yonke into ikhompyutheni kunye nokwenziwa. Kwaye ukuba kuthe kwandiphazela ngokukhawuleza, zonke iingxaki ziza kuxazululwa zimbini zegrama ze-soma-isilwanyana esingenakubungozi. Isishwankathelo esifutshane seveli ye-O. Huxley "Ihlabathi elitsha elinobuchule" liya kunceda ukwazi umfundi kunye nabalinganiswa abakhulu bomsebenzi.

Abalinganiswa abakhulu beveli

UBernard Marx ungumthonyama we-caste Alpha. Ungummeli omele uluntu lwakhe. Ngendlela yakhe yokuziphatha, amaninzi amaninzi: uhlala ecinga ngento ethile, uzinikele ekunyameni, unokuthathwa njengothando. Lo ngumfanekiso obalulekileyo wencwadana "Ihlabathi Elitsha Elinobuchule." Umxholo omfutshane womsebenzi uya kunceda ukuqonda indlela yeqhawe yokucinga encinane. Bathi e-embryonic state, xa wayesesekhompyutheni, esikhundleni se-substitute yegazi, wanikwa utshwala, kwaye kukho konke okungaqhelekanga. I-Linaine Crown inge-bette ye-caste. Ekhangayo, i-sketchy, ngegama elithi "i-pneumatic". Unomdla kuBernard ngokuba akafani nabanye abantu. Engavamile kuye yindlela awasabela ngayo kumabali akhe malunga nohambo lokuzonwabisa. Uyakhangwa luhambo kunye naye kwindawo yokugcina yeNew Mexico. Iinjongo zezenzo zamaqhawe zingalandelwa ngokufunda isishwankathelo esifutshane. "Ihlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho" liyiveli egcwele imizwelo, ngoko kungcono ukuyifunda ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuphuhliswa kwesalathiso

Abalinganiswa abakhulu beveli bazimisela ukuya kule ndawo yokumangalisa, apho ubomi bezilwanyana zasendle zagcinwa kwifomu eyayingaphambi kweEra Ford. AmaNdiya azalwa kwiintsapho, akhuliswa ngabazali, anamava epheleleyo, akholelwa kubuhle. E-Malparaíso, bayazi enye inqabileyo: unobumba kwaye uthetha isiNgesi esidala (njengoko yavela kamva, wafunda incwadi kaShakespeare ngentliziyo). Kwavela ukuba abazali bakaJohn - uTomas noLinda - kanye kuphela bahamba ngedwendwe, kodwa ngexesha lokuduma kwezulu babelahlekana. UTomas wabuya, uLinda, owayekhulelwe, wazala unyana kule ndawo yaseNdiya.

Akazange avunywe, kuba isimo sakhe sengqondo esaqhelekileyo ebantwini sasiyicatshulwa. Ewe, kwaye ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-catfish, waqala ukudla kakhulu iNative American vodka - mezcal. UBertrand wenza isigqibo sokuthutha uJohn noLinda kwiLizwe lamaZag. Unina kaYohane ubangele yonke into ephucukileyo, kwaye yena ngokwakhe ubizwa ngokuba yintlanzi. Uthandana noLinaine, owathi waba nguYuliet kuye. Kwaye kuba buhlungu kangakanani kuye, xa yena, engafani ne-heroine kaShakespeare, unikezela ukubandakanya "ukusebenzisana".

Intshontsho, emva kokusinda ekufeni komama, inquma ukujongana nomngeni. Yintoni ebuhlungu kuYohane apha inkqubo yokuziphatha, ichazwe ngumzimba. Abantwana abaselula kakhulu bafundiswa ukuba bajwayelwe ukufa, ngokukhethekileyo bathunyelwe kwiiwadi zegciwane elibulalayo baze baxhamle baze batyeke kuloo moya. Yixhasa iBertrand kunye neHelholholtz, apho baya kuhlawulela khona i-reference. Ubuncwane buzama ukukholisa abantu ukuba bayeke ukusetyenziswa kwe-catfish, apho bonke abathathu baya kwi-Fordechotpu uMusfafa Mondu, ongomnye wabaPhathi abalishumi abakhulu.

Ukuqhawula

UMustafa Mond uyavuma ukuba yena ngokwakhe wayesesimo esifanayo. Ebudeni bakhe wayeyintsimi yintle, kodwa ekubeni uluntu aluxinzezeli abachasayo, wabekwa phambi kokukhethwa. Ukususela kwikhonkco, wenqaba, kwaye waba nguMphathi oyiNtloko. Emva kwayo yonke le minyaka ude athethe ngomona ngekhonkco, kuba kukho apho abantu abanomdla kakhulu behlabathi labo bahlanganisene abanombono wabo yonke into. I-savage iphinda icele isiqithi, kodwa ngenxa yokuzama ukunyanzelwa ukuba ahlale apha, kwintlalo ephucukileyo. I-Savage ibalekela kwimpucuko ukuya kwi-airmail elahliwe. Uhlala yedwa, njengenqobo yokuthenga, ekuthengeni izinto zokugqibela azifunayo, kwaye uthandazela unkulunkulu wakhe. Baza kumbona njengesiqhelo. Xa wayebetha ngokubetha ngesibhozo entabeni, wabona uLinaine kwisihlwele. Akakwazi ukuma kwaye aqhube ngesibetho kuye, ememeza esithi: "Uhenyukazi!" Ngomhla kamva omnye umfana osemtsha waseLondon uza kwindlu yokukhanya. Bafumana isidumbu. Ubuqhetseba abuzange bukhuthazelele ubuhlanya bommandla ophucukileyo, ukuphela kokubhikisha kuye kwakukufa. Wazixhoma. Oku kugqiba ibali elincamisayo lencwadana ethi "Ihlabathi Elitsha Elinobuchule" yiHuxley Aldous. Isishwankathelo kuphela ukuqhelana nomsebenzi wokuqala. Ukuze ungene kwi-essential yayo, kubalulekile ukufunda incwadana ngokupheleleyo.

Yintoni umbhali ofuna ukuthetha?

Ngokuqinisekileyo ihlabathi liza kufika ngokukhawuleza kwimiba, echaza iHuxley. Unokukuqonda oku, nokuba ufunda isishwankathelo esifutshane kuphela. "Ihlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho" yinto enomdla ofanelekileyo. Ewe, ubomi buya kuba yinto engakhathazekiyo kwaye ingenazo iingxaki, kodwa ubukhohlakali kweli hlabathi bekungayi kuba ngaphantsi. Kuye akukho ndawo kulabo abakholelwa kumntu, ngesizathu sakhe nangenjongo, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yokukhetha.

Isiphelo

Ukuqhelana kwangaphambili kunye nombono womsebenzi uya kuvumela isishwankathelo esifutshane sencwadana "Ihlabathi Elitsha Elinobuchule." U-Aldous Huxley emsebenzini wakhe uzame ukudala umfanekiso woluntu olungaphelelanga. Kodwa le nqwenelo yeso sixhobo esifanelekileyo sifana nobuqili. Kubonakala ngathi akukho ziingxaki, umthetho ubusa, kodwa esikhundleni sokunqoba kokulungileyo nokukhanya, bonke beza kuzalisa ukuthotywa.