Isikhundla samandla kagesi: i-essence kunye neempawu eziphambili

Bobabini kwishishini nakwimpilo yemihla ngemihla, kubakho imfuneko ukudala inani elikhulu leentlawulo zombane ezintle kunye nezimbi . Kucacile ukuba ngamagunya okuchitha kunye nokufakelwa kwe-electrostatic oku akunakwenziwa. Kuvela ukuba ufuna idilesi ekhethekileyo. Isixhobo esinjalo sikhulu.

I-capacitor yinkqubo engahambelananga equlethwe yile diyetri eyahlula amacwecwe amabini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubunzima beli diktri lincinci xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu beeplate ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abaqhubi.

Uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwezixhobo zamandla kagesi ngumbane wendawo ephathekayo, into eyinkimbinkimbi yamacwecwe amabini esele ahlukaniswe uhlobo oluthile lwe dielectri. Ukuba kusetyenziswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kagesi kule macwecwe, ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kwendawo yombane ephakama phakathi kwabo kuya kuba kabini ngokukhulu kunokuba kube namandla okufanayo kwelinye lala macwecwe.

Isalathisi esibaluleke kakhulu ekubonakaliseni le nkqubo ngumbane wamandla. Ikhono lomxhobi ngokwemigangatho ye-electromechanics lilingana nomlinganiselo wesityholo sesinye sezicwangciso ezifakwe kwi-voltage phakathi kwabaqhubi beli fowuni. Ngokubanzi, i-capacitance ye-capacitor iya kubonakala ngathi:

C = q / U

Ukuba isikhundla samacwecwe kwindawo asihlali singatshintshi ixesha elide, amandla okwakhiwa kwe-capacitor ahlale ehlala (kungakhathaliseki ukuba iipameters ezithintekayo zesityholo kwiiplate).

KwiNkqubo yeSizwe yeMilinganiselo yePhysical, i-capacitance of capacitor iyalinganiswa kwiFarad (F). Ngokwale nqanaba, enye i-farad ibonisa amandla ombane weso sixhobo, apho i-voltage phakathi kwe-dielectric enye ye-volt, kwaye inani lemali elinikezelwa kwiiplate lilingana nesantya esinye.

Enyanisweni, enye ifama ixabiso elikhulu kakhulu, ngoko kaninzi iisebenzisa iiyunithi ezifana ne-microfarads, i-nanofarads kunye ne-picofarads.

Amandla kagesi e-flat capacitor iya kuxhomekeka ngokuthe ngqo kummandla wamacwecwe ayo kwaye iya kunyuka xa umgama phakathi kwabo wehla. Ukwandisa kakhulu ukuxhotyiswa kwamandla kwezi zixhobo, abaqhubi baqaliswa ngedielectrics ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-electrodes ye-capacitors yenziwe ngamacwecwe amancinci, kwaye i-liner eyinhloko yimaphepha, i-mica okanye i-ceramics. Kuhambelana nemida ekhonza njengesiseko se dielectrics ukuba i-capacitors ifumane amagama abo-iphepha, i-ceramic, umoya, i-mica. Ngokubanzi ukusasazeka kwandul 'ukufumana ama-capacitor electrolytic, okwenzela ukulinganisa ngokwaneleyo kunombane omkhulu. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, zisebenzise ngokusisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zasemakhaya, kunye nabakulungiseleli bokusebenza kwamandla kagesi.

I-Condensers ingenye yezixhobo zombane eziyimfuneko kakhulu, ngaphandle kokungenakwenzeka ukuba zenze iindlu ezininzi zendlu kunye nezixhobo zombane.