BakaSimon Bekbulatovich: ngobomi bakhe ubomi, photo, umhla ngukumkani, guqula

Tsar Ivan Grozny wayedume hayi kuphela utshintsho yayo enkulu ukuba iRussia ukuba ukuthabatha indawo yawo phakathi amagunya iingwanyalala ixesha, kodwa ukuzibandeza, acebise abanye akukho yokunqakulisa ngaphantsi kwe babulawelwa ubunzima ngenxa Ukungaqiniseki yayo. Enye yezi zenzo yaba olawulayo ukumkani uSimon Bekbulatovich. usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa ayaziwa. Kwangaxeshanye, iidotyhumentari ezininzi, ephikisanayo, ubungqina ebizwa ngokuba yi-nebhodi yakhe.

BakaSimon Bekbulatovich: A Biography (ulutsha)

Malunga ebuntwaneni womntu, owathi kamva nokuba ngokufutshane wathabatha etroneni, omncinane uyaziwa. Sain-Bulat Khan wayengunyana ka bek-Bulat - owayeyinzala ngqo Genghis Khan kunye Sultan Nogai mkhosi. Uyisemkhulu Ahmet inganga yokugqibela Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, eqhubekileyo ukuqhuba kwi ukuxhomekeka yezopolitiko abathetheli eMoscow.

Ivan wesine wamema bek-Bulat kunye nonyana wakhe Nasenkonzweni yakhe. Inkulu endala wangcatshwa esibi kunye wazingqina, njengomphumi-mkhosi olungileyo, ukuze emva kokufa kwakhe, yena uhlobo Sain-Bulat.

Ngokomyalelo * uKhesare prince atshate intombi evela usapho odumileyo boyar - Maria Andreyevna Kleopinoy-Kutuzov. Kwaye ke emi kwindawo yayo ngaphezu kwamadoda asebukhosini Russian, ngenxa yokuba uhlobo Genghis, aze atshate intshisakalo Russian bayiqinisa isikhundla sakhe.

Yinkosi levi

Nakuba lo mkhuba ezikhoyo, abalawuli Russian ngokufuthi wanika wamema iinkosana Tatar ilifa wonke umzi. Ngoko ke, akukho namnye wothuka xa, kwi 60s ekupheleni uSimon Bekbulatovich wamisela Khan e levi, kwangaxeshanye wafumana itayitile "uMkhonzi", ngoxa nkqu izinduna kakhulu kakuhle ozelwe babebizwa kuphela "ikhoboka Ivana Groznogo."

Ngexesha lokulawula bakaSimon Bekbulatovich levi wathabatha inxaxheba kule Livonian War, kwakunye ngokuxhoma kwi ehlawulelwayo, nut Kolyvan. Ngelo xesha, xa ukuzingisa Ivana Groznogo, wabhaptizwa waza wathabatha igama linguSimon. Xa Bekbulatovich waba umhlolo kwaye watshata ukuba kutshanje ibhujelwe yindoda yakhe Princess Anastasia Cherkassy.

Ngokusebenzisa lo mtshato Simeon Bekbulatovich - ukumkani levi - sendiselane nentsapho yobukumkani, njengoko ngemithambo lomfazi wakhe wesibini opha Sofii Paleolog.

Xa umtshato, esi sibini wazala abanye oonyana abathathu kunye neentombi ezintathu.

Kutheni na utshintshelo lolawulo?

Kude kube ngoku, isizathu sokuba Ivan Grozny ndibano intloko karhulumente mntu zokuqhubela ezinjalo, uSimon Bekbulatovich, uhlala isihloko ingxoxo mbali.

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi. Ngokutsho ixhaphakileyo Ivanu Groznomu oko kwenziwa ingumqondiso ukufa kukuba umlawuli onke Russia, ngoko, ume etroneni omnye umntu kaThixo, wayethembe ukuba bakopele isiphelo. Kukho kwakhona imvakalelo yokuba wayefuna ukuya kude ixeshana emthunzini ukutyhila iintshaba zabo ifihliwe. Abanye ababhali-mbali ukubeka phambili hypothesis, kwaye ngoko ke ukumkani wayefuna ukulugatya ukunganeliseki edumileyo, apho kunzima ukuchacha, wamkhulula kwiintlungu ukuba anyamezele ebudeni oprichnina, "uhambisa iintolo" kwi isikhulu amazwe.

Phezu kwetrone karhulumente Russian

Nokuba ke, ngo-1575, Ivan abangcangcazelisi wayalelwa ukuba isithsaba sokumkani noSimon Bekbulatovich ezikunika isihloko "Grand Prince of All Russia." Yena ngokwakhe wafudukela nentsapho yakhe esuka yesicelo ukuya Petrovka. Kulo mzekelo, eli lizwe ngokusesikweni bebambene, egxininisa ivanov eMoscow njengoko kugqitywe ukususela ngokuthi 'yangaphambili' ngumlawuli weli lizwe, ilifa. Apho waqalisa ingcinga yakhe, olwaba i Godunov, hpwap kunye Bielski.

Iyonke umbusi entsha walawula iinyanga ezili-11. Ngeli xesha, ngokutsho oonozakuzaku bamanye amazwe, wazithabatha ukusuka yoonongendi neecawa zonke iincwadi, wakhalaza nto kangangeenkulungwane, baza batshatyalaliswa. Ukongeza, ngokomyalelo bakaSimon ngokusesikweni, kodwa ngokwenyani kunye ngokomyalelo Ivan labangcangcazelisi, baye kubulawa inxalenye zayo, abo beza emva oprichnina, kodwa zange ukuhlangabezana nokulindelweyo. Ngaloo okuyiphatha elinye 'kubutshayela' kwi kwizikhundla eziphezulu ngamandla.

USimon Bekbulatovich guqula bakhe abazange ngokucacileyo ziqondeka bexesha lakhe, kodwa izixholoxholo, leyo Ivan Grozny babemoyika ayizange yenzeke.

ukufuduka

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba obekulindelekile kwezopolitiko kuphumelele, esibi wavakalisa "ukunganeliseki" izenzo bakaSimon yaye "kwanyanzeleka" ukuthatha phezu yintonga Obuyekeza okubi, umonakalo obangelwe ibandla.

Noko ke, isenzo Ivan IV zanikezelwa ebantwini kwaye izikhulu kule kukhanya. Ukumkani kuvunyelwa ukuba uqhubeke oonobumba icinyiwe, kodwa kugqitha kubo egameni yayo, ukugcina kunye nokongeza kwingxowa kakumkani ngayo kumazwe ibandla. Ukongeza, kwagqitywa amarhe ukuba abaninzi zabefundisi kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule imali eninzi ukuze achache ubuncinane inxalenye yimpahla nezigodlo zabo.

Njengoko ingxelo oorhulumente zabo oonozakuzaku bamanye amazwe, elifutshane wolawulo enkulu bakaSimon Bekbulatovich (umhla Ukuvuma itrone ayaziwa, kodwa izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 1576) eye wavumela Ivanu Groznomu ebelapha awususe inxalenye ebalulekileyo kwepropati ukusuka Church, ngokunjalo ibonisa yonke akanelisekanga ukuba " mhlawumbi ulawulo embi ".

ngukumkani

Emva kokuba ukugxothwa bakaSimon Bekbulatovich (ifoto ngezantsi) wayalelwa ukuba kukhonza yaseTver, apho wabelwa imimiselo entsha. Noko ke, waligcina isihloko Grand Duke, ngubani na Ivan. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela ngexesha elifanayo amaxwebhu asemthethweni kwathiwa ebesengukumkani. Ndayihluthwa amandla, leyo yena ngokunjalo banawo ngokusesikweni kuphela, uSimon Bekbulatovich iye yaba yenye abanini zinkulu ixesha. Ngokutsho kwababhali ncwadi walondoloza yakhe, ihlanganiswe malunga 1580, kwi yaseTver kunye Mikulinsky counties yabe komhlaba kuphela olimekayo ukuya 13.500 eka. Ukongeza, ukuba inkululeko namalungelo akhethekileyo, nto leyo amnike ilungelo ukuba arhafise irhafu kunye irhafu egameni labo, nto leyo akuvumelekanga ukuba abanye, nkqu aphezulu, ukukhonza abantu yobukumkani eMoscow.

umsebenzi olunye

Ukususela ekupheleni kuka 1577 iminyaka emi-5 USimon Bekbulatovich yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwemfazwe nxamnye Poland. Nakuba kunjalo, iziphumo kulo entsimini, kwaba lula ukufezekisa, ngokuba engazihlambanga nesibindi okanye italente athethwe yingqwayi-ngqwayi.

Emva kokufa Ivana Groznogo ngo-1588 Grand Duke bakaSimon okwethutyana wakwazi ukugcina indawo yayo ephezulu. Noko ke, nasondela itrone Boris Godunov kwaba ukuqwalasela ngamandla Tsar Feodor oselula Okokuqala nxamnye yaseTver prince.

ihlazo

Emva kokuba ukumkani, Godunov wayalela izinduna ukuba afunge ukuba afunge ukuba uza kuthatha nawaphi na amanyathelo ngenxa ukutshintshwa itrone bakaSimon Bekbulatovich okanye abantwana bakhe. Ukongeza, ukuba bafumanisa isingxengxezo ukuphelisa ndasukuzana yingozi amandla kweli lizwe, sisizalwane esisondeleyo bakaSimon Bekbulatovich - I. Mstislav - eyayibandakanyekile enye iyelenqe umzalwana ukumkani-onamandla onke e-mthetho, yaye, emva kokuba ebanjiwe, owayesakuba "umlawuli bonke Russia" Akavumela yihakinto. Wazisusa izinto kunye nesidima, kodwa hayi elubhacweni, angavumeli ukuba aphile kwikomkhulu owayesakuba Kushaline ethile.

Godunov uloyiko zange kungafunyaniswa, njengoko abathile nabanumzana ngokoqobo itulo iyelenqe nokubekwa yokumkani, owayesele kuyo itrone ngemvume Ivana Groznogo. Elo yelenqe wawuzinyaswe ezaziwayo-kakuhle amanani zopolitiko loo ixesha, ezifana Theodore Nikitich Romanov kunye Belsky. Home Affairs wabo waba nomsindo, kwaye uSimon, ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, tameke.

monasticism

Yena waphulukana emehlweni akhe waza wabandakanyeka ehlazweni Simeon Bekbulatovich waqalisa ukufuna uncedo nentuthuzelo ukholo obudala. Wakha iitempile abingelela le nezigodlo. Ukusuka kwezi zifundo, kwafuneka ukuba athathe ixesha off ngexesha ukulawula UDimitri Okokuqala, ngubani kuqala wamcela ukuba eMoscow ikwazizo. Nangona kunjalo, le meko zange kube kudala, kunye bhedengu ulusizana wagwetywa ukuvalelwa entolongweni kwi St. uCyril-Belozersky Monastery. Ifudusiwe nkqu uxwebhu esayinwe kuye, eyalela ukuba umphathi woonongendi ukuthatha izibhambathiso bakaSimon Bekbulatovich ze ubhale ngayo kuye buqu.

Aprili 3, 1616 owayesakuba ukumkani wathabatha izifungo emishini phantsi kwegama kukaStefano. Ukususela ngoko uSimon Bekbulatovich, ogama engobomi ukhumbuza inoveli adventure, babehlala phantse ibanjwa.

imeko yakhe yayisiba ngakumbi xa Vasilii Shuyskom, indela abathinjiweyo Solovki.

iintsuku Ebuhlungu bakaSimon kwakhe, ngubani na naye yimonki uStefan waphumelela eMoscow ngo-1616 waza wangcwatyelwa Simonov Monastery.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba ngubani linguSimon Bekbulatovich, iminyaka yobomi ukuba linokuchazwa kuphela yezizathu (1540s - 1616 th). Izizathu ithuba elibukhali ebomini bakhe, apho waba phezu kwetrone Russian, nangoku ke ingxoxo-mbali kwaye ngeke ukuba zifakelwe.