Alapayevsk ukholo. sokudubula yentsapho yasebukhosini. Ukumiselwa kunye nokuvuselelwa

Alapayevsk ukholo wabiza abantu abasibhozo (ezintandathu Romanovs kunye wabo ababini), iiBolsheviks zolwaphulo wabulala July 18, 1918. Ngaba abazalwana, iinkosana Constantinovici igazi womlawuli (Yohane uConstantine Igor), uVladimir Paley, Sergey Vladimirovich, udade uKumkanikazi Elizaveta Feodorovna kunye kaNun Varvara kunye nomncedisi womnye abathetheli Feodor Remez. Bonke bephela, anqunyulwe ubomi babo ebusuku elandelayo emva kokuba ukudubula yentsapho yasebukhosini uNicholas II.

Nxulumanisa Romanovs le Urals

Kwangoko emva kokuba amandla, kwiBolsheviks ndaqala ukuzihlalela intsapho yangaphambili yasebukhosini. Townsfolk waziwa kakhulu ukuba ukufa kabuhlungu ka Nicholas II, umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana. Noko ke, ukuvukelwa emva ezimbini eRussia eninzi lentsapho Romanov yaye ukongezelela inkosi asiyeke. Ebutsheni bowe-1918, urhulumente waseSoviet badidekile. Waqhubeka imfazwe kunye eJamani, yaye amajoni aseJamani besondela iingqukuva ezimbini. Kule meko yingozi, iinkokeli yamaBolshevik isigqibo elubhacweni ngenkani Romanovs kwelo lizwe, ngoko babengakwazi irali ukuphikiswa-revolution.

Ekupheleni kukaMatshi 1918 phantse zonke ukholo Alapayevsk bathunyelwa Vyatka. Ngabo aba ke abathetheli Constantine, uJohn Igor Konstantinovich Vladimir Pavlovich kunye Sergei Mikhailovich. Kungekudala bonke zadluliselwa Ekaterinburg. Bayahlelwa basemfudusweni ikwazile i phambene ye'Bolsheviks wasekuhlaleni, bafumana imiyalelo ngqo evela kurhulumente eMoscow Petrograd.

Ukubanjwa Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya

NgoMeyi 1918, ngokwemiyalelo kwi First kweTrone Dzerzhinsky riflemen Latvian ibutho kunye namagosa zokhuseleko abopha Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Elizabeth Feodorovna. Udade uKumkanikazi Alexandra wavalelwa isekelwe i Marfo-Mariinsky Convent. Elizabeth Feodorovna wachitha yonke imali yabo kwi ekudalweni woonongendi emva 1905 kwabagrogrisi umyeni wakhe - i-Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.

Ukubanjwa senzeka ngomhla wesithathu ka-Ista. Kangangesiqingatha seyure phambi kokuba Latvian Riflemen weemonki watyelelwa asanda kunyulwa uMphathi Tikhon. Wazama kukhuselwe kwakhululwa Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya, Noko ke, phezu kwayo yonke, Elizabeth Feodorovna kunye nomncedisi wakhe Varvara Yakovleva wathumela Yekaterinburg. Yaba isixhaso lokugqibela inkululeko ummeli indlu yangaphambili sigqibo. Asabe i Romanovs kwi Urals yaba inyathelo ocwangcisiweyo. Iinkokheli yamaBolshevik wayefuna ukuthumela kwabo kwindawo enye ukuze xa kuyimfuneko kube lula ukuba alahle bayahlelwa amalungu ubukhosi.

Indlela eya Alapaevsk

April 30 Ekaterinburg wazisa Nicholas II, umfazi wakhe kunye enye yeentombi zakhe, uMariya. emva kweeveki ezimbini kufika edolophini namanye amalungu entsapho lo kumkani. KwiBolsheviks boyika kakhulu kwi Romanovs esixekweni waza wagqiba ekubeni resettle kubo. May 20 ukholo Alapayevsk wafika Alapayevsk, ngumgama oziikhilomitha-146 ukusuka Ekaterinburg.

Ngowe-1918 yaba idolophu 10000th kunye engama-200 yembali. Le ndawo enye Peter I. Alapaevsk elizibulo le yokunyibilikisa isinyithi phambene waba ngaphezudlwana Yekaterinburg. Uninzi zonke wayesazi brand nophahla intsimbi, ziveliswe kwi isityalo yasekuhlaleni. City waqhagamshelana Yekaterinburg kunye eNizhniy Tagil kaloliwe.

Imiyalezo eya eMoscow

Bathinjwa babekwa sisikolo ongaphandle kwedolophu. Ekuqaleni, aba inkululeko - zihamba kwi Alapaevsk, yiya ecaweni, ukuba babhalele kwaye Ungakhathazeki malunga nokhuseleko lwabo. Romanovs ngokufuthi ulele egadini, kwaphulwa kufuphi nesikolo, apho wayethanda ukuba basele iti. Kakhulu inkolo, Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa Elizaveta Fyodorovna ndathandaza kakhulu.

Amadoda wayevela isikhundla sakhe aphole ethile. Ingakumbi musani ukuba iinkosana abaselula zeka Constantinovici kunye Vladimir Paley. Alarm ibethe kuphela Sergei Mikhailovich. Phambi kokuthumela e Alapaevsk, wathuma yocingo ababengaxolanga uLenin Sverdlov igama. Kumyalezo umthetheli omkhulu bakhalaza zemozulu yakhe rheumatism kabukhali, becela ukuba ukuguqulela oko Vyatka kunye Vologda. yocingo yakhe ngoyaba.

Jonga Helena Petrovna

Iinyanga yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Alapayevsk ukholo ezigcinwe kwisakhiwo sesikolo, olu sapho lwaluquka amagumbi amabini amancinane ezine ezinkulu. Benza kunye kwindlela eqhelekileyo. Ukongeza Romanovs, esikolweni zabekwa oonogada emsebenzini phakathi Red Army.

igumbi Corner ahlala John K. kunye nomfazi wakhe Helena Petrovna. Yena ke intombi yaseSerbia ukumkani Peter I. Ekubeni Helena Petrovna wayengekho Romanova, kwiBolsheviks anandibamba naye. Umfazi waya ngokuzithandela ekuthinjweni emva kokuba umyeni wakhe. Ngaphambi nje kokuba isiphambuka Alapayevsk ntlekele, waya eMoscow okucela kukhululwe Romanovs.

Julayi 7 Helena Petrovna, wabanjwa e Yekaterinburg. Bayahlelwa oonyana indoda yakhe, woba ukhululekile ukuba kwabelwane kuphela nonozakuzaku Serbian, zokuxhathisa bozakuzo udityanisiwe uxinzelelo kurhulumente waseSoviet. Emva kokufa komyeni wakhe Helena Petrovna psychoneurosis nako wabuyela eMoscow. Kungekudala wayeka Russia.

Zisancumisa wolawulo lokuvalelwa

Ngobusuku kaJuni 13, 1918, kwiBolsheviks babulala uMikayeli, ababekhonza ngexesha link Perm. Kubulawa kwabantu kwakubuhlungu ezihlawulelwayo intsomi malunga ngokuzama umninawa ka uNicholas II ukuba asabe. Kungekudala senanele isiganeko Permian baza nabanye Romanovs. Alapayevsk ukholo zibe phantsi esweni ngakumbi. ulawulo lokuvalelwa kwabo umyalelo sezingeni ilukhuni. Romanov athimba yonke impahla buqu: impahla yokunxiba, imali, igolide. Amabanjwa washiya ingubo kuphela, iiseti interchangeable kwempahla yangaphantsi kunye nezihlangu. Imbalelwano uhambe niwujikeleze umzi ziye zavalwa, umxhesho oncitshisiweyo kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa Surprise baye baba eziqhelekileyo. Ukuma Romanov ubukhosi kwi Alapaevsk yaqulunqa meko efanayo kule mihla yokugqibela ubomi uMikhail Alexandrovich kunye Nicholas II. Ukuba phambi abalindi baziphethe ngokwaneleyo ngokufanelekileyo, ngoku yena waba ngqwabalala kunye irhabaxa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kunye nezikhulu olukhulu lackeys zabo, eBhayi Feodorovna kwakuphelekwa ngoonongendi. Le suite wayalelwa ukuba ushiye Alapaevsk.

Ngokudubula intsapho uNicholas II xa

Ukubulawa uMikhail Alexandrovich yaba yeyokuqala kuthotho nokubulawa i Romanovs, ezilungiselelwe yi-iiBolsheviks. Kungekudala emva kokufa Grand Duke Kwafika imini wabulawayo yentsapho yasebukhosini. Nicholas II kunye nentsapho yakhe zigcinwa endlwini Ipatiev. Ngobusuku ka July 17, 1918 The Imperial ntsapho wathunyelwa ukuya kwigumbi elingaphantsi, apho ukudutyulwa wavula umlilo phezu kwalo. Ngaphambi koko, lo mkhosi Yakov Yurovsky ukuba afunde isigwebo sokufa. Xa Iingcinga ebendinazo ngokwahluka-ndawo, UNikolai wakwazi nje ukubuza: "Yintoni?" Okanye "A" Ukumkani akazange aqonde oko kwenzekayo, kunye Yurovsky yesibini elandelayo wanikela umyalelo, yaye rasstrelschiki wavula umlilo.

abantwana Romanov babulawa kwangoko. Kukholelwa ukuba le yokugqibela wafa Tsarevich Alexei. Abasebenzi Cheka ukuba nentembelo ngakumbi ukwenza amaxhoba abo kunye bayonets zabo. Phambi ukudubula endlwini Ipatiev owayeqhubela ilori ngokukodwa ekulungele, apho umzimba imithwalo. Baye ke sangcwatywa ngaphandle komzi. Ngobo busuku Alapayevsk ukholo babesaphila. Isigqibo malunga nakwizibetho zabo, kwiBolsheviks wathabatha ngosuku olulandelayo.

Ukubulawa e imayini

Grand Neendwalutho wayengazi malunga ukubulawa uMikhail Alexandrovich kunye nomntakwabo omdala. sokudubula yentsapho yobukumkani Alapaevsk yaba, njengesiqhelo. Ngobusuku-18 Julayi ukuya kwisakhiwo sesikolo, aqulathe Romanovs kufika abantu, ibhengeze lo imfuno engxamisekileyo ukuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ngenxa nokoyikiswa kuhlasela lomoya (imfazwe civil). Abafazi benza konke wabuza kubo. Romanov izandla abotshelelweyo wavalwa. Kuba labathinjwa walungisa iinqwelo ezizodwa. Xa inkampani yabantu hayi yonke into waya zonakala. Duke Sergei Mikhailovich engavumi ukuthobela. Wadutyulwa ngengalo ngenkani naye nenqwelwana. Brothers Constantinovici kunye nokumelana Vladimir Paley ungekho.

Iinqwelo kunye Romanovs waphuma ngaphandle kwesixeko. Beka zokumisa yabo emgodini esibulalayo Lower Selimskaja. amabanjwa ezinxulumene kukhokelele ekuhleni kwenye kwimigodi bamshiya. ingcaciso engakumbi iziganeko diverge. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye, lo Romanovs wabulawa, uphoseke ubuso sele efile. Kwelinye icala, amabanjwa eqhiphuke umbilini izembe kunye koko nizihlabe kungena enzonzobileni. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba zam juba iziqhushumbisi. Emva koko, lo umngxuma zigcwaliswe kunye izibonda wayifulela kunye nomhlaba.

uphenyo Kolchak

Iimeko kokufa Romanov (kunye zam Alapaevsk, kwaye endlwini Ipatiev) baziwa ngokuba mhlophe, ngokufutshane ukucwangcisa amandla kwi Urals ngexesha leMfazwe Civil. Ngo-Oktobha 1918, kwiBolsheviks ezilahlekileyo ulawulo lwe Yekaterinburg. Emva kokufa losapho lobukumkani bayavalelwa. Admiral Alexander Kolchak wathabatha uphando phantsi kolawulo lwakhe.

Kungekudala ikwazile ukufumana nxaxheba lokubulala kufuphi Alapaevsk. Omnye wabo yaba yamaBolshevik Vasily Ryabov, ngubani okunike ubungqina luncedo kuphando. Komgodi bemba. Isimo imizimba wabonisa ukuba bonke lamangqina Alapaevsk sam wafa ngoko nangoko. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba Vladimira Paleya wahlala kwindawo ekuhlaleni. Prince John K. waba novelwano ngalondoda wayibopha inxalenye wimple Elizabeth Feodorovna. Ukongeza, kwiilali ezingqonge ixesha elide amarhe ukuba emva kwabulawa kwindawo yam ishiywe akwazi ukuva izandi lemvula imithandazo.

I intsomi kunokuxhwilwa neenkosana

Phambene iiBolsheviks wagqiba ukufihla ulwaphulo-mthetho lwakhe ngenaliti inkcazelo ebubuxoki. Ngosuku olulandelayo emva ulahlekile Duke uKonstantin Romanov nabanye, bonke phezu Alapaevsk ingxelo kunokuxhwilwa ngabaMhlophe elubhacweni. Inguqulelo esifanayo ezikhuselweyo kukho ucingo ithunyelwe yikomiti yolawulo yendawo e Yekaterinburg.

Ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi lusekelwe umyalezo Sverdlov, Uritsky kunye Zinoviev. Kungekudala emva yamaBolshevik yabasemagunyeni yaqulunqa imbono esemthethweni lwesiganeko. Kuvakala ukuba abamhlophe nje imilonde-Romanovs, kodwa wabulala omnye woonogada. Kuba dramatizations ezibonwayo malunga esikoleni isidumbu elingaziwa, leyo kude ixesha elithile lulele izidumbu sele. Emva kokuba "ukunyamalala" ye Romanov Red Army kwisicwangciso kwesichazwe, bavula umlilo, wamvusa i-alam, simulating ukuhlasela abamhlophe. Kwinyanga kamva abasemagunyeni eSoviet kwenziwe uphando kweso siganeko, leyo, Kakade ke, ukuze kungabikho zatsho phantsi.

Bayahlelwa isidumbu

NgoJuni 1919 i-Red Army lasungula sokubala uxambuliswano kwi Yekaterinburg. I-Orthodox Church Russian wagqiba ukuthumela iibhokisi efumaneka Amanxiwa Romanov alapayevskoy sam ngasempuma. Xa kwacaca ukuba Imfazwe Civil ilahlekileyo, baye bafudukela China. Omngcwabo wangcwatyelwa etempileni Beijing. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II amandla eTshayina weza ndawonye. Ngqonyela onodonga uhlala ukuze eyabathintelayo balahleka ngokupheleleyo. iitempile Chinese yeCawa Orthodox Russian zaye kungekudala kutshatyalaliswa. Nkqu kwiilwimi zesiNtu, iingcali Russian ngokukodwa weza eBeijing ukufumana Amanxiwa Romanovs, kodwa yonke imizamo yaphela nto.

Ngexesha ubomi Elizabeth Feodorovna yena wathi yena ufuna ukuba wangcwatyelwa kumhlaba wakhe oyiNgcwele. Ngoko ke, ngo-1920, amathambo akhe bantinga ukusuka eBeijing ePalestina. Au Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya - Martyr Nun Varvara - bayiqonda uxolo yokugqibela eYerusalem.

Ukumiselwa

Ngowe-1981 wafa kumgodi kufuphi Alapaevsk zaye lamiselwa yiCawa Orthodox Russian aphesheya. Ukuze ixesha elide kukho umbuzo malunga nenkqubo efanayo kwilizwe. Church Orthodox Russian lamiselwa lamangqina amabini kuphela Alapayevsk (Elizavetu Fedorovnu kunye unongendi Varvara). Le Ukumiselwa kwenzeka ngo-1992, emva kokuba eSoviet Union iwa.

kwimeko yesiqhelo

Kamva indawo esemthethweni Ngenxa eSoviet Union ngokumalunga bayahlelwa Romanovs wabulawa ukuba ukufa kwabo kwaba sisiphumo nalwazelelelo ye phambene iiBolsheviks kunye nabasebenzi. Urhulumente waseSoviet lonke ukhona, zange ayamkele into yokuba ukubulala e Alapaevsk, Perm kunye Yekaterinburg zaye yaqalwa e kakhulu phezulu karhulumente. Uphando lwakutshanje kunye ukudizwa amaxwebhu abonisa ukuba le ngxaki isonjululwe Romanov ngokobuqu uLenin Sverdlov.

Prince Igor K. kunye nabanye abulawe kufuphi Alapaevsk ixesha elide azikhange yesiqhelo. Inkqubo ukubuya igama babo xa intloko zeNdlu Romanov Maria Vladimirovna, uye wafaka isicelo kwi-ofisi i-General yoMtshutshisi ngayo Russian Federation. A isigqibo ngokusesikweni malunga nokuvuselelwa yenziwa yi-arhente Juni 8, 2009. Ingxelo noMtshutshisi Jikelele waphawula ukuba Romanovs kwaye uqikelelo Cheka yabo amaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho.