Saudi Arabia, ngaseMecca imbali yazo

Umzi ongcwele iMecca - isixeko engundoqo Muslims ehlabathini. Abantu bathi abangawo Islam, awukwazi ukungena kuyo. E iMecca, a ubutyebi bembali kunye bala. Eli ziko lwaminyaka yonke.

Lokufakwa iMecca ngu Muslims

Islam kwavela Arabia ngenkulungwane VII. Umprofeti Muhammad, ngubani intloko zoluntu entsha, elimanyeneyo abalandeli bakhe phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe. Ekuqaleni ukuba uluntu encinane, ngeenxa zonke ezibe abahedeni ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ngasempumalanga. Le mbuya entlango yokunqula izithixo (kwezi ndawo ayizange ubuKristu, nto leyo amaziko Byzantium kunye neNtshona yeYurophu).

Izizwe ahlukana. Abo wahlala nabahedeni, amaSilamsi ziye zagqiba isivumelwano soxolo yethutyana. I-Arabhu Peninsula yahlukana. Elingalunganga wayengenalo ilungelo kuvela kummandla-Muslims. Noko ke, isivumelwano ligxojiwe, ngoko uMprofeti Muhammad wakhokela umkhosi wakhe eMecca. Oku kwenzeka kunyaka 630. City akazange ukumelana.

ezingcwele emzini

Apha ke Kaaba, apho loo ndawo yonqulo iphambili ye-Muslims. Esi sakhiwo ngohlobo cube wadalwa ngamaxesha yobuhedeni. Kukholelwa ukuba eyakhiwe zezulu abantu ukuba banqule uThixo.

Loo ndawo yonqulo yakhiwa kwisiseko ibhastile. angle yayo ngamnye ingqinelana ukuya kwenye emacaleni ukukhanya. AmaSilamsi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlala phi na, sithandaza ukuya eMecca. Kaaba wenziwe nezemarmore, umphezulu waso lisoloko curtained silk emnyama.

yinxalenye Caliphate

Umzi ongcwele waba ezahlukahlukeneyo uthi, ezintsha yazo Saudi Arabia. Yezobuchwepheshe akakaze ikomkhulu esemthethweni, ukuba imke ixabiso layo.

Emva kokuba yoyiswa amaSilamsi kwinkulungwane VII, ngeenxa zonke Arabia iye yakhula omkhulu Caliphate. Wahlanganisa Arabhu Islamized North Afrika kunye eSpeyin entshona namaPersi ukuya ngasempuma.

Le elikomkhulu neenkokheli waba yokuqala eDamasko, yaye emva koko - e Baghdad. Kunjalo eMecca wahlala neziko elibalulekileyo Islam. Apha kunyaka wonke batyelela amakholwa ukuze enze Hajj. Enye umzi ongcwele Medina baba amaSilamsi, nto leyo kude eMecca. Kwaba khona ukuba uMuhammad waphila.

Yezobuchwepheshe ebesoloko kwi intliziyo yehlabathi Arab, ngoko ke kunqabile kusetyenzwa kunye nezidubedube yezopolitiko kunye imfazwe umda. Noko ke, saba lixhoba bahlaselwe. Umzekelo, kwi X ngenkulungwane kokuba baphanga Carmathians - ihlelo ukuba nenkani. Bavela e Bahrain yaye abazange baqaphele ukuba ngoko yaka neenkokheli - the Fatimids. Uhlaselo eMecca kunyaka 930 yaba Bamangaliswa ogqibeleleyo abalambele ezininzi. Abahlaseli beba Black Stone, apho zixhonywe kwi Kaaba (oku yenye izinto ezingcwele Muslims). Ukongeza, Carmathians ifilimu kubulawa ngokwenene. Le bhokisi babuyiselwa eMecca kwiminyaka amabini kuphela kamva (wahlawulwa intlawulelo enkulu).

KumaXesha Aphakathi kwexesha apha, kwakunye kulo lonke Silk Road kunye eYurophu, isibetho saqhubeka. Wabulawa eMecca aba yinxalenye encinane kuphela ye amaxhoba ubhubhane Black Death.

Phantsi kolawulo Turkish

Ngu kwekhulu XVI-Arabhu baye balahlekelwa phantse wonke ummandla ezoyiswa ngexesha le Caliphate. Ukukhokela isikhundla phakathi amaSilamsi bafudukela Turks, owathi ngo-1453 wayithimba eConstantinople - ikomkhulu loBukhosi baseByzantium. Kakade ke, lo Sunnis ofuna ukulawula, yaye umzi ongcwele Muslims.

Ngowe-1517 eMecca ekugqibeleni azinikela Turks and yaba yinxalenye Ottoman, obabuqala kwiiBalkans kwimida wasePersi. Balundwendwe emhla e eMecca ukuba namakhulu ambalwa ndilibele malunga ephikisanayo kunye iingxabano kunye nabamelwane. Noko ke, intshukumo yesizwe Arab baqalisa ukuba waziva emva ngakumbi nangakumbi uBukhosi Ottoman ukuntywiliselwa ekwintlekele. Kwinkulungwane XIX isixeko iminyaka emininzi iye awayephantsi emirs.

Arabhu aphinde emzini

Igalelo lokugcina ulawulo Turkish e eMecca kwenziwa ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. I Ottoman inkxaso iJamani i Kaiser kaThixo. Entente wambetha yokulimala ezininzi kakhulu, emva koko ilizwe yawa ngaphandle. Indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo iye eyadlalwa waseBritani Tomas Lourens. Wakwazi ukulukuhla irhuluneli Arabiya Hussein Bin Ali ukuvukela nxamnye Ottoman. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1916. abavukeli Arab iphumelele, kodwa wafa esise kumawaka. Ngoko kwakukho imo Hejaz, yayilikomkhulu kuyo umzi ongcwele.

Lonke usingasiqithi Inkolo aphinde kulawulwa yi-Arabhu, abo abe eminyaka wazama ukwakha apha urhulumente ozinzileyo. It yakhelwe ijikeleze ubukhosi Saudi. Bakwazi ukuhlanganisa oozilawuli saa. Ngoko Saudi Arabia eyaqala ngo-1932. Yezobuchwepheshe uye waba njengomnye wemizi yayo emikhulu. Ikomkhulu lidluliselwe yaseRiyadh. City of ngaseMecca Medina kwakhona ngoxolo. Apha, njengakwimihla yakudala, waqalisa bahambi ukufika.

Hajj eMecca

Saudi Arabia (eMecca ngumzi lizwe) kunyaka ngamnye wamkela iindwendwe ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Wonke Muslim kufuneka ubuncinane kanye ebomini ukuya eMecca kwi Hajj - kusiyiwa kwiindawo ezingcwele, kuquka Kaaba. Ngasemva konke oku, Saudi Arabia ulandela ngokusondeleyo kakhulu. Yezobuchwepheshe ngexesha Hajj lukhuselwe nge nangononophelo olukhulu.

Ngelishwa, nkqu oku ngokwaneleyo ukuze siphephe iintlekele. Ngoko ke, njengokuba kutshanje 2015, kwabakho isiphithiphithi esabulala abantu kwezigidi ezi-2. ntlekele zenzeka ngenxa ezinabantu kakhulu. I Hajj wathumela amawaka zabanquli, yaye nje ngamanye amaxesha azinazo iindawo elilungelelanisiweyo. Isiphithiphithi e eMecca - lo mcimbi inqabile. iimeko ezifanayo zenzeke ngaphambili. Xa yokugqibela kubo ingakumbi ezininzi amaxhoba ukusuka emantla eAfrika, ekuthiwa Isiko ezinamaSilamsi. Isiphithiphithi e esise 2015 kothusa ihlabathi.