Amandla ebhomu ahlaselwa eHiroshima. Iibhokliya zenyukliya zesizukulwana sokuqala: "I-Kid" kunye ne "Fat Man"

Ukufumanisa inkqubo yefission ye-uranium nucleus ngo-1938 yabonisa ukuqala kwexesha elitsha lophuhliso loluntu. Kwaye kwakungekho nje ukusetyenziswa kolwazi olwenziwe ukuze kuzuze impucuko. Ihlabathi libone ibhokhwe yamandla awonakalisayo. Ukuba nesixhobo esinamandla kwi-arsenal, ngokukhawulela nje, unokutshabalalisa umhlaba wonke. Imbali ibonisa ukuba iimfazwe zehlabathi zaqalisa ngokupheleleyo iingxabano ezincinane, ezingabalulekanga. Umsebenzi oyintloko ka rhu lumente wezo zonke amazwe kufuneka ube yingqiqo. Abantu abathathu behlabathi abambalwa baya kukwazi ukusinda. Iziphumo zokuhlaselwa kwezixeko ezimbini zaseJapan ngo-1945 ziqinisekisa ngokucacileyo la mazwi.

Isicelo sokuqala sokulwa nesibhomu se- athomu kumbali

Impendulo yombuzo: "Xa iibhobho zahlaselwa kwiHroshima?" Naliphi na umntwana oya esikolweni oza kunika: "Ngomso ka-Agasti 6, 1945". Ngo-8: 15 am abasebenzi be-American airbomb bombhobho "uEnola Gay", isicatshulwa esithi "B-29" sahlasela isixeko saseJapan ngesiphatsha esitsha esilinganisa iitoni ezine. Igama elifumene ibhokhwe yokuqala ye-athomu - "i-Kid". Kuphela ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwabulawa abantu abangaba ngamashumi mathandathu amawaka. Ngomso olandelayo emva koko-enye i-90 000, ngokukodwa ukususela kwi-radiation. Amandla ebhomu awela kwiHiroshima yayingama-kilotons angama-20 kwi- TNT. Umda womonakalo ungaphezu kweekhilomitha enye kunye neekhilomitha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwesibini kwebhomu ye-athomu kwimbali

Amandla ebhomu ahlaselwa e-Hiroshima ayengaphantsi kwe "Tolstyak", ngo-Agasti 9, 1945 yahlasela isixeko saseJapan saseNagasaki kwisibhobho somzekelo ofanayo njengoko ku-Hiroshima ("Ibhokisi yeCar"). Iinjongo eziphambili kwinqanaba elihlaselayo kwakukuhlaliswa kweKokura, kwintsimi yayo ininzi enkulu yamasebe empi ayegxininiswe (i-Yokohama neKyoto nazo zacatshangelwa). Kodwa ngenxa yokomelela ngamandla, umyalelo wawushintsha isikhokelo sendiza yendiza.

Esi sixeko sasinethuba lokuhlala singenakulinganiswa - ngaloo mini kwakumnyama. Kwaye i-plane yayinepompo yamandla. Iqela lalinalo ithuba lokuhamba ngeenxa zonke, okwenziweyo.

Ama-radar aseJapan "abanjwe" ngeenqwelo zeentshaba, kodwa umlilo ongaziqali. Ngokomnye umxholo, umkhosi wawuthatha ukubuyisana.

Abaqhubi beemoto baseMerika bakwazi ukubona ukusabalala kwamafu kunye nomqhubi, ngokugxininisa kwinqanaba lomdlalo wendawo, bacinezela i-lever. Ibhotile yawa ngaphaya kwelo lijoliswe kuyo. AmaNgqina akhumbula ukugqitywa kwamandla anjalo, azivalelwa kwiindawo zokuhlala kwiikhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka eNagasaki.

Amandla angabonakaliyo

Amandla amabhomu ayehlile e-Hiroshima naseNagasaki anenani elilingana nama-kilotons amane. Malunga namashumi amabini anesiXhosa esithi "Umntu onamafutha" kunye neshumi elinesibhozo "unomntwana". Kodwa isicatshulwa esisebenzayo sahluke. Ifu eline-uranium-235 yavutha phezu kweHiroshima. I-Nagasaki yabhujiswa yimpembelelo ye-plutonium-239.

Amandla ebhomu ahlaselwa e-Hiroshima kwakunjalo ukuba zonke izibonelelo zasezidolophini kunye nezakhiwo ezininzi zatshatyalaliswa. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, umlilo wama-brigades walwa nomlilo kwintsimi engaphezu kweekhilomitha ezilishumi elinanye.

Nagasaki ukusuka kwinqanawa elikhulu, i-center yokwakha iinqanawa kunye noshishino ngokukhawuleza yaba yintshontsho. Zonke izidalwa eziphilileyo, ezaziyikhilomitha enye ukusuka kwi-epicenter, zafa ngokukhawuleza. Imililo eqinile ayizange ihlale ixesha elide, eyabangela umoya oqinileyo. Kuphela, iipesenti ezilishumi elinesibini kuphela zezakhiwo zahlala zihleli.

Abaphathi beenqwelo

Amagama alabo abaye balahla iibhomu kwiHiroshima naseNagasaki, abazange bafihliwe kwaye abazange bahlulwe.

Abasebenzi be "Enola Gay" babandakanya abantu abalishumi elinesibini.

Umlawuli wecala nguKolonel Paul Tibbets. Nguye oye wakhetha i-aircrafts kwinqanaba lokuvelisa kwaye ilawulwa yintsebenzo enkulu. Wanikela umyalelo wokuwisa ibhomu.

UThomas Fereby, umhlekisi - wayesekhompini kwaye ecinezela iqhosha elibulalayo. Wayebhekwa njengomdlali ongcono kakhulu kwi-US Air Force.

Iqela le "Ibhokisi leNqwelo" lendiza lenziwe ngabantu abalishumi elinesithathu.

Kwinqanaba lalingumlawuli wamagosa kunye nomnye wabaqhubi abahamba phambili kwi-Air Force yase-US, uMnumzana uCharles Sweeney (ngexesha lokuqhubhisa ibhomu lokuqala kwindiza yokuhamba). Wathumela ibhomu kwisixeko saseJapan.

ULieutenant Jacob Bezer wathatha inxaxheba kwiimbambano zombini.

Bonke baye bahlala ubomi obude. Kwaye kwakungekho bani ozisola ngezinto ezenzekile. Kuza kubekho namhlanje, akukho malungu kula mabini abasebenza emlandweni asele.

Ngaba kwakuyimfuneko?

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi asixhenxe ukususela kuhlaselo olubini. Iingxabano malunga nokusebenza kwazo zisenziwa. Ezinye izazinzulu ziqinisekile ukuba amaJapan aya kulwela ukugqibela. Kwaye imfazwe yayingadlulela iminyaka emininzi. Ukongezelela, ubomi beenkulungwane zamajoni aseSoviet basindiswa, okuza kuqaliswa ukusebenza komkhosi kwiMpuma Ekude.

Abanye bathambekele ekukholweni ukuba iJapan sele isele ikulungele ukuthatha inxaxheba kwaye iziganeko zango-Agasti 6 no-9, ngo-1945 kumaMelika azikho nje ukubonakalisa amandla.

Isiphelo

Iziganeko zenzekile, akukho nto ingatshintshwa. Amandla amakhulu ebhomu ahlaselwa eHiroshima, emva koko e-Nagasaki, wabonisa ukuba umntu ode enezixhobo zokubuyisela ahambe kangakanani.

Yonke into enokuthenjwa kuyo yinto engqiqo yezopolitiko, ngokufuna kwabo ngokunyanisekileyo ukufumana ingcamango kwimibango. Esi sisona siseko esiyinqobo sokugcina uxolo oluthathaka.