Yintoni uphawu kushishino post-utshintsho? iziphumo eziphambili ye revolution yezoshishino

Kuphuhliso lwamashisini kwixesha post-kuhlaziyo luphawulwa ukuvela, ubudlelwane ezintsha longxowankulu. Ukupheliswa serfdom kunye nezintsonkothileyo ohlaziya kuvule indlela yokuba utshintsho kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kwezoqoqosho. Oko imifuziselo yophuhliso yesithuba-yotshintsho lwe koshishino yoBukhosi Russian, ngokufutshane apha kweli nqaku.

Development Industry IMVELAPHI

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX revolution yezoshishino kwaba phantse ngokupheleleyo. Russian Empire ngesantya kakhulu zenyuse amandla kwazo kwezoqoqosho, umthamo kwemveliso yoshishino landa izihlandlo ezisixhenxe kuthelekiswa ne-kwinkulungwane yama. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba imifuziselo yophuhliso yesithuba-yokuguqula shishino zidweliswe apha ngezantsi:

- Lixabiso abasebenzayo. Ngokunxulumene ukupheliswa serfdom kwi Russian uBukhosi, umkhosi abalimi ebinezinto inkululeko, kodwa kwangaxeshanye akukho ifike impahla. In search impilo kwabantu ngobuninzi bafudukela kwiindawo apho bakwazi ukuphila uzuze. Ngoko kufutshane amashishini amakhulu orhwebo udale isixeko esitsha.

- utshintsho ezininzi zoqoqosho ukuba wenza uqoqosho ivuleleke ibe nomtsalane kubatyali-mali bamanye amazwe.

- Ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo mpumelelo lwakamvanje lobuchwepheshe, ukusetyenziswa izakhono nolwazi neengcali ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

- inkxaso karhulumente onamandla, kuquka zemali, ibe abakhulu zasekhaya.

capital angaphandle

Mveliso zasekwa kunye isabelo esikhulu eyinkunzi amazwe, nto leyo okufana kuphuhliso lwamashisini post-guqula. amashishini imikhumbi, imigodi, chemical nobunjineli umdla ngoongxowankulu ezinjengesiJamani, isiFrentshi, yaseBelgium kunye yaseBritani. amashishini Ukutya nokukhanya banomdla kakhulu kubatyali-basekhaya. izinto State zigxininise sokukhusela kwicandelo.

ezindaweni industrial Geography

Uninzi shishino buzinze nje iindawo ezimbalwa lizwe. Donbass, kumntla-ntshona eRashiya, le Urals kunye Baku waba kwimimandla engundoqo industrial yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ezinye iindawo baqhubeka agro-abasakhasayo uqoqosho. Le selectivity kungenxa xi ngaxeshanye ngeendawo kwezi ndawo yabasebenzi cheap, izimbiwa kunye namalungiselelo lula, nto leyo ithetha ukuba imveliso thembisa ukuba libe nenzuzo kakhulu, nto leyo okufana kuphuhliso lwamashisini post-guqula.

iziphumo post-guqula

I-revolution zoshishino phantse epheleleyo yi-1880s. Isizukulwana mnye, utshintsho Kuveliswe iimveliso lixesha kwinkqubo mveliso. oomatshini umphunga indawo umsebenzi wezandla. Ukuqhekeka kwimisebenzi yokuvelisa eyahlukileyo wenza iteknoloji ezincinane kunye ezingabizi. zokwakha Active of iziporo zabangela nokudalwa iinkampani joint-imfuyo eninzi kunye neebhanki zorhwebo. izithuthi kaloliwe negalelo kuphuhliso lorhwebo zafaka iimali zoluntu.

Ngo-1880, i-Russian yoMbuso isantya sokukhula zoshishino uhamba phambili ehlabathini. Post-Reform Industry, uncedo olusebenzayo zemali abasuka kwamanye amazwe kunye nokusetyenziswa obafunyanwa kwezenzululwazi neteknoloji wenza kube lula ukugcina isantya enkulu yophuhliso loqoqosho. A ngenkxaso enamandla urhulumente ukuba enze wokwenene, nkqu iiprojekthi zibalaseleyo, afana nokuphuhliswa eSiberia kunye nofundo lokuba kwimimandla Arctic le North Russian.