Apho ku ezikhumbuzo eMoscow ku Gogol? Gogol lesikhumbuzo on Gogol Boulevard: ibali

In Russia bekusoloko kukho umlo nendlela kwaye zindala nazo zonke iintlobo zezithixo. Prince Vladimir, ukumisela ubuKristu, antywiliselwe komlambo ezininzi Perun, kodwa ngoku nakwimbewu yakhe Ukrainian wankqonkqoza ukuzikhusela Vladimir Ilyich.

"Ekubeni abafazi-Yagami nikchemushnaya nzima"

, E Russian Federation ochaphazelekayo ngesiquphe malunga lesikhumbuzo ukuze Gogol. Monument ukuya elalisakuba yiSoviet kwindawo eyayisakuba Boulevard Prechistensky (ngoku Gogol) ngoMatshi 2014 kuye kwagqitywa ekubeni ibattery, kwaye endaweni yayo emva endala imisebenzi Andreeva, eyakhiwa apha ekuqaleni, emva ngo-1909.

Ukuvumelana kuluntu kulo mba no. Komnye kubemi bakholelwa ukuba kungcono ukushiya izinto njengoko zinjalo, elinye uyakulangazelela 'ukubuyisela ubulungisa zembali ", anavuma kuqwalaselwa kunye naziphi na iingcamango bona, okanye iinyaniso zobomi ngeenxa zonke kuzo (emva onke, ngalo mzuzwana kukho ingxaki yaye kubaluleke ngakumbi Russia). Umntu, mhlawumbi, kwaba zazidlala, kodwa uvinjwa iintshukumisa kuphela ezoqoqosho: iingcali zithi ukuba kunxitywa nezakhiwo ezifanayo apha naphaya - akuyolisi cheap.

Ukulandela Pushkin

Le lesikhumbuzo enye ukuya Gogol e Moscow, ngoku uza kubuyela ndawo, uluntu oluqhubekayo wagqiba ukwakha ngo-Agasti 1880. Lo nyaka wavula lesikhumbuzo Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu kwi Abakwenzayo Boulevard. Yena tixi zakhe abaphulaphuli iinyembezi zovuyo kunye iimvakalelo, yaye ngoko nangoko kwakukho abathanda ngubani ofuna ukuhlawula irhafu, kwaye Nikolayu Vasilevichu Gogolyu. Le lesikhumbuzo eyayicwangciselwe ukuba ukuvula ukuba isikhumbuzo amahlanu ukufa kwakhe - ngo-1902, kodwa akazange abe nexesha. Nangona into yokuba phantse nangoko wabhengezwa umrhumo imali, icala ndathula kangangexesha elide.

Emangalelwa kukunyoluka kade, bevuthela evela imilebe amanye amanani (M. Kuraeva, ingakumbi), akunakwenzeka iqula-hola: on lesikhumbuzo ukuze Aleksandru Sergeevichu wahlanganisa ngokukhawuleza (zonke mzobo zakudala ezaziwayo-kakuhle yavela emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini emva ekuqaleni subscription), kodwa kwakhona ngenxa UNikolai ukuba ngoko ukuze ekumnikeni.

Musa ixesha isikhumbuzo, zama ukuba isikhumbuzo

Le usomashishini odumileyo Russian, Demidov wathembisa ubhedu "njengoko kuyimfuneko" kunye wada wancama amawaka amahlanu. Kwakukho nabanye abathengi. Ngo-1890, ivuthiwe kulwenziwo ikomiti ekhethekileyo kwi kokwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo, kodwa akukho ingakumbi ungxamile, ngexesha 1893 * uKhesare ngokwakhe akazange athi 'ukukhawulezisa'.

Esebenza ngayo kwakamsinya njalo, kodwa ke amalungu ihloniphekile yeNdibano ekugqibeleni wenza uthotho lweentlanganiso yaye wazimisela umntu lowo kuyimfuneko ukuba "yiya kwi ulwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo." Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, igama lakhe AN impumlo. Nje lokukhohlisa yohlobo oluthile.

Ngandlel 'ithile, nzima, saba ukhuphiswano lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo, kodwa akukho namnye kumzobo khange bachukunyiswa ikhomishini. Kuye kwacaca ukuba kufuneka siqhubele phambili: ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini isondela kunyaka 1909 - kubhiyozela wokuzalwa Nikolayu Vasilevichu Gogolyu wabulawa. Monument, hayi zavuthwa ukuya lokukhumbula ukufa, bekuya kuba Ukugunda kakhulu.

nomkroli kuyathandabuzeka project ezingaqondakaliyo

Kuyinto akwaziwa ukuba thethwano backroom ngaphambi imvume kweprojekthi Andreev, kodwa abavoti kuba ngamxhelo (kwiimeko, avakalisa yikomiti, ngelizwi elinye nxamnye onokuvotelwa ukwamkelwa idrafti). Mhlawumbi isisombululo ngenene yanyanzeleka: ixesha into phantse akukho ukhetho. Ngoko ke, nosizi phakathi, umsebenzi wokwakha liqala, ngokubanzi kuhlawulwa yi-ndaba zibangele nengxubusho ebangel phakathi Muscovites.

Ukuze uqalise ungubani umbhali kuphakamisa imibuzo. abameli ezibalaseleyo vutshila baloo maxesha Opekushin Repin wathanda italente nomkroli abatsha. Noko ke, uluntu yathandabuza: amava encinane kulwakhiwo ezikhumbuzo.

Nje phambi kokuba kuvulwe umhlalutyi ezaziwayo-kakuhle Sergey Yablonovskii wabiza lesikhumbuzo uphawu 'ezoyikekayo eyoyikekayo,' waza wavakalisa uluvo lokuba "amaninzi abafuni." Njengoko amanzi wakhangela!

wokutyhilwa nathembisayo lesikhumbuzo

Ukuvula isikhumbuzo Gogol eMoscow esebenzisa yena wafuna olukhulu, nangona engazanga ibekho ngaphandle njengesiqhelo (kufuneka kuqatshelwe) bungling: rostrum ngokukodwa sakhiwe baba iyaxokozela, kude isono ukuwasebenzisa umlomo. Ngenxa yokuba iifoto nakrakra kwangelo liso kunokubonwa emazantsi umsindo ezibangel wavula nje ilitye lesikhumbuzo, kwaye elandelayo -. Vumela i "babambisane ebonwayo" Ekuqaleni akazange izinto ziya kuhamba kakuhle ...

Iimvakalelo okubangelwa lesikhumbuzo, kwaoko kabukhali lahlulwe. Abaninzi baye bagqiba (Repin, umzekelo), ukuba phambi kwabo - into ebalulekileyo umsebenzi wobugcisa, kodwa abaphulaphuli enkulu wafumana lesikhumbuzo ukuya wamtshicela ngokwenene nangonaphakade.

ayenza Gogol

Le Umfanekiso ubonisa umntu, wawusongela ngokupheleleyo yokwaleka, kunye nentloko yayo uguqile. Mbo absurdly ebengekaweli icala elinye, Gogol wayehleli esihlalweni kwaye lwalo Weltschmerz kunye yakhe edumileyo impumlo elide phantse wachukumisa ngamadolo akhe. kwamanqwanqwa kungathi iziqwengana ubhedu Tetrahedral - i-BAS isiqabu kuyo ezotywe abalinganiswa imisebenzi abadumileyo zombhali. Abazange abangele nokugxekwa. Kodwa ngemfano Classic!

epigram isampuli abafa: "Andreev yenziwe Gogol" impumlo "kunye" I idyasi, ""; "Gogol, nesifombo, ehleli, Pushkin, Gogol lufanele ngayo."

Ukukhawulezelwa kuvulwa umfazi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Sofya Andreyevna, ndafumana lesikhumbuzo "elizothe" (as in Idayari kwaye wabhala). Kakhulu ezihlekisayo ukuba umyeni wakhe omkhulu, ezinkulu ziyahlonelwa zoncwadi yehlabathi, ilitye lesikhumbuzo oyithandayo.

Ihlabathi lonke zobundlobongela sibulala ...

Kule uluhlu, sahlala apha ncomo ezininzi. Noko ke, ukutshintsha ilitye lesikhumbuzo ungenzi ku Gogol kungekho mntu khona, waye yena ekuqaleni Gogol Boulevard, mhlawumbi, kuzise kule mini, ukuba kunyaka weshumi elinesixhenxe kwenkulungwane lokugqibela amandla akazange eze "isizwe entsha, ayaziwa, 'yaye akazange ukuze isigqibo ezindaweni yelizwe (kunye ezikhumbuzo) ngendlela entsha.

Gogol lesikhumbuzo on Gogol Boulevard lathatha emva revolution, kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu ebudeni belo xesha kuye behlaselwa, iba yonke imini yobubi ngakumbi emini. Isizathu was kweminye imithombo, inani bent le ezakudala zoncwadi kwi luvo wakho uYosefu Vissarionovich, kwanyanzeleka rhoqo ukuvelana skosobochennomu Gogol lesikhumbuzo iye kanye ngendlela eya dacha kwi Kuntsevo, apho ahlala khona unobhala usomandla Soviet jikelele.

Imfazwe ne umbhali zobhedu

Amawaka sycophants, efuna ukukholisa inkokheli oyintanda, akazange okwenkawu kwi "ezipalini" indalo Andreev. Le nomkroli odumileyo Soviet Vera Mukhina (umbhali edume "Umsebenzi kunye Farm Collective") wagxeka lesikhumbuzo olubiyele ngokoqobo ukungangqinelani. Bathi ukuba xa kukho isizathu sokuba abe buhlungu kwi Gogol - kwiintlungu nguzwilakhe tsarist kunye nabanye, kwaye ngoku into ebuhlungu kukuba xa abahlala kweli lizwe uye waba 'ngcono nangaphezulu fun? "

Ekuqaleni ukuncothula ungenzi Gogol lesikhumbuzo eMoscow akazange isicwangciso - nje ebekumele ukuba ukwakha enye kwelinye ekupheleni isikwere. Ngubani Ndibethekise ngenqindi etafileni ayaziwa, kodwa ngowe-1952, i-100 th lokufa kwakhe, wavula lesikhumbuzo entsha, yahluke gqitha ukusuka yangaphambili eMoscow.

Sekunjalo, ngokuba isikhumbuzo!

Imbali ngemvume kule projekthi kwakhona ukuba ezinye ubumnyama: ophumeleleyo khuphiswano ikwazizo ngabasemagunyeni (umnini ezintlanu kuStalin Amabhaso!) UMkroli Tomsky, owathi kamva naye wavuma ukuba Gogol lesikhumbuzo kwi Gogol Boulevard wombhali kwakhe ngokuphandle embi. Ukuzithethelela khawuleza: bathi, musa ukuba ixesha ngakumbi ngokomgangatho, ngenxa yokuba kuyimfuneko ukuba sihlale phantsi - ukuya isikhumbuzo wamakhulu kokufa zombhali.

Emva kokuba ingxelo ngeziphumo umsebenzi yonyaka kwakhona waphule into efana ngehlazo. Ukubona isikhumbuzo elisanda-wazalelwa N. V. Gogolyu, uluntu woma (yokothuka). Ngoku ke umbhali lesikhumbuzo zobungangamela kunye nombhalo esinombala siyekelele "Ukususela urhulumente waseSoviet" (okuyinto Masingadinwa ehlekisa ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane) yantlitha ezinye kakhulu: ukubuyisela abagulayo, ezakudala edakumbile yaba uhlobo 'utitshala womdaniso "bechwayitile - bencumile, in a ekapa elifutshane bokungakhathali kwakungandonwabisi. Abanye swi teke ku ri "wobugcisa ', ubuqili, yaye abantu umbongo kwakhona wadubula phezulu epigrams abuhlungu.

Lo mfanekiso nazo bangayeka

Monument Andreev lidilizwe kwangethuba 1951, ukuya kwindawo simahla ukwakha entsha, kuma-up isikhumbuzo Gogol (ngubani ihlanganise uloyiso kuba phezu leyinene emnyama).

Ekuqaleni, "kungekhona isihloko buhlungu" Copper UNikolai wayede ukuphumeza (thumela bunyibilike), kodwa uthe abasebenzi Moscow Museum Zokwakha kusindiswa umsebenzi ngokungummangaliso. Ekugqibeleni kwakukho reference emfutshane. De-1959, eli litye lesikhumbuzo iye agcinwe zezikhali kwisebe kulo myuziyam ise yangaphambili Donskoy Monastery: apha wafumana indawo abaninzi engafunwayo eSoviet nani imifanekiso inkqubo marble kunye olungaphambili batshabalalisa iicawa Moscow, umzekelo.

Ngowe-1959, i "buhlungu" umbhali wabuyela eMoscow wafumana endlwini awayephila ngayo kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe (indlu obuphezu Bala A. Tolstoy). Bendawo bathi amanqaku athile kwi Nikitsky Boulevard kunokubonwa ukuhlala nokuma isikhumbuzo Gogol ngexesha elifanayo. Ngelo xesha xa umsebenzi Tomsk asetyenziswa, xa kusakhiwa ka-1952 wabonwa nesidima, eyaziyo, umzekelo, ukuba kubhetele abonela inkangeleko mihla le ndawo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ingcamango ekutshatyalalisweni amangcwaba leSoviet abaninzi abathandi, ngoku kwi "ezimnandi" UNikolai Vasilyevich umnwe. Kwangaxeshanye, iingcali zithi ukuzama ukubuyela lesikhumbuzo zembali endaweni yayo igcwele iingxaki ezingalindelekanga: isakhiwo kakhulu endala, ngexesha zothutho zingonakalisa ngayo - kungcono ukushiya izinto njengoko zinjalo. Sekunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba uphikise nesibakala sokuba ezimbini lesikhumbuzo ukuze Gogol - kulungile ngaphezu namnye.