Königsberg ukusebenza: yisa ukusebenza kunye neziphumo

Insterburgsko-Königsberg ekhubekisayo yaba yinxalenye yephulo East Prussia. I-German High Umyalelo ukuba athathe onke amanyathelo kunokwenzeka ukulungiselela ukumelana elide kwiimeko zokungqinga kulo. In Königsberg baba kwiidepho eliqela izikhali, esebenza mveliso komhlaba.

Features system German Uyalwa

ukumelana abahlaseli wadala amakhonkco ezintathu. Le yokuqala ibekwe 6-8 km ukusuka kwiziko ka Koenigsberg. Sasiquka imisele, anti-itanki msele, nocingo oluhlabayo kunye minefields. Bekukho 15 iinqaba ezazakhiwe umva ngo-1882 kwisifundo ngasinye kuzo abantu abangama-200-500 ngabantu iinkampu. nge 12-15 guns. I ring yesibini zabanjwa ecaleni imida Königsberg. It wagcinwa izakhiwo ilitye, ngothango, amanqaku badubula phezu minefields neendawo badubula. Kumbindi wesixeko kwaqhutywa khonkcweni wesithathu. Oku kuquka 9 zilikhusi ravelins neenqaba, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-17 kwaye kwakhona 1843-1873 gg. Königsberg ngokwayo ibhekisa isicwangciso isixeko exutyiweyo. central indima yawo yakhiwa emva ngo-1525 isakhiwo sayo iphawulwa njenge ebabusisakha-ngomsesane. Kwi ngaphandle yomntla yokwanda layout parallel, nangasezantsi - ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Ngako oko, le isixhobo wokhuselo waseJamani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yesixeko lwaqhutywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Inqaba, obubanjelwe 6-8 km ukusuka kwiziko, ibekwe ngaphandle kumgama ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-4 km. unxibelelwano umlilo kwaye ifakwe imisele yalungiswa phakathi kwabo. Kwezinye iindawo kwathabatha umsele anti-itanki esiqinileyo. ububanzi 6-10 km kunye nobunzulu - ezintathu eemitha.

usikhusele

Ngokutsho yesitalato yesithili kufutshane ukuya kumbindi wesixeko kommandla engaphakathi zokhuselo ziquka elizeleyo ubuso kothango lweenqwelo zokulwa 24 kunye kumbiwa nqaba. elidityaniswe yokugqibela nganye nezinye zamanzi antitank, leyo isiqingatha-ezaliswe ngamanzi. ibhanti lwangaphandle kunye yangaphakathi ukuziphendulela lahlulwe ngamakhonkco amabini intermediate. Ngamnye kubo wayekho 1-2 umsele line, komhlaba, pillboxes, leyo kwezinye iindawo zagutyungelwa yi minefields neengcingo ezihlabayo.

badubula indawo

Isiseko wokhuselo lwangaphakathi bavela iingongoma ezinamandla. Baya ukunxibelelana nabanye kunye cross-mlilo ngalinye zagutyungelwa namandla ngokwaneleyo antitank kunye elenzelwe imiqobo. iingongoma strong Key afakelwa ekudibaneni kwezitalato ngamatye, eside kakhulu aze alungelelaniselwe lokufakelwa ukuziphendulela. Izikhewu olwakheka phakathi amanqaku ukuzala ke zigutyungelwe ngothango, amazinyo inamba, inkunkuma. Kuba kwakhiwa yabo basebenzisa izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. izinto ezininzi ezaye ukudubula ukunxibelelana nabanye iiyunithi nganye, kwakheka yokuzikhusela. Nabo ke, ahlelwa imigca. Lo mbutho kwenziwe izakhiwo isixhobo inkqubo ukudutyulwa isicelo ikrele umatshini-gun kunye zokudubula lugwayimbo. Guns nemipu umatshini ngaloo advantageously ibekwe imigangatho ephantsi, udaka, kwangulamntu sokuqhumisa kunye umatshini - phezulu.

Sibangwa imikhosi

ukusebenza Königsberg ngo-1945 bathatha indawo inxaxheba nabaphumi-2 and 3 Front Byelorussian phantsi K. K. Rokossovskogo and I. D. Chernyahovskogo, 43 Umkhosi 1st Baltic Front, elikhokelwa I. H. Bagramyan. Nomkhosi elwandle iye yaxhasa kwiBaltic Fleet phantsi Admiral V. F. Tributsa. impi nje inxaxheba 15 iingalo edityanisiwe, 1 itanki umkhosi, 5 imishini kunye netanki lamajoni, imikhosi ezimbini umoya. NgoJanuwari 1945, wayezithethelela Königsberg iqela iiyunithi "Centre" (ukususela 26.01 - "North"). Umyalelo wasebenzisa Colonel-Jikelele Reinhardt (ukusuka 26,01 - L. Rendulic). Lokumelana kwicala yaseJamani enikiweyo 2 intsimi 1 Panzer Army, 1 - Air Force.

plan umyalelo

Königsberg ukusebenza, ngokufutshane ethetha, i bekulindelekile kuwanqumla East Prussia ngokwamaqela kwabanye. Emva koko izicwangciso lokugxothwa kwakhe elwandle kunye kwintshabalalo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Soviet Army kwaba wabaxabela ngexesha elifanayo emzantsi emantla ihamba imigca ziyahlangana. Ngokutsho icebo umyalelo, yena nabo kulindeleke ukuba hit Pillai.

Insterburgsko Königsberg-operation

amabutho Soviet Active kwaqala nge-13 Januwari. 3rd Belorussian Front waqhekeza lukhuni ukuxhathisa baseJamani waphula ukuziphendulela 18,01 Numbinnena ngasentla. Amajoni phambili nzulu km 20-30. 2nd Belorussian Front waya lohlaselo 14,01. Emva lidabi kakhulu abantu bakwazi ukuba atyhudise eziphumelela yaye liphuhlise advance ngokukhawuleza. Ngelo xesha umkhosi we-28 we-5 zigqityiwe nhlanganiso yayo. 19 Januwari 39 th kunye 43 th Army wayithimba Tilsit. Ngexesha emfazweni, iqela utshaba wasiwa kokusingqongileyo 19-22 Januwari. Night 22,01 amajoni Soviet nkobe Interburga. Isixeko sithinjiwe kusasa. January 26 amajoni bafika kuLwandle lweBaltic kumantla Elibinga. imikhosi Key German bohlulwa kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Inxalenye 2 Army wakwazi ukuhamba ngaphaya Vistula e Pomerania. Ukutshabalalisa utshaba, ityhala waya elwandle, ndathunyelwa iminqongo 3 Belorussian Front, nto leyo ebangele 4 Army 2 ngaphambili. Amanye amabutho ukuba aqhube umsebenzi Königsberg (ifoto ezithile edabini thaca kweli nqaku). Inqanaba lesibini kumadabi yaqala ngoMatshi 13.

operation Königsberg: ukuhambisa ukusebenza

NgoMatshi 29, imikhosi Soviet wabatshabalalisa heylsbergskuyu qela. NgoAprili 6 nkobe Königsberg. In Battle inxaxheba ophandonzulu Front 3 Belorussian umthetho yi Vasilevsky. Baya negalelo kwiBaltic Fleet. Königsberg ekhubekisayo wawunzima bubukho amakhonkco amathathu yokuzikhusela. Ngaphambi kokuqalisa iinqanawa ukubetha, kunye zokudubula enzima emsebenzini phambi komzi kunye iinqaba iintsuku-4, ngokwenjenjalo phantsi izibonelelo ixesha elide yotshaba. Ngoko nangoko Königsberg ukusebenza waqala ngomhla we-6 Apreli. BaseJamani neenkani ukuxhathisa. Kodwa ekupheleni kosuku Wezomkhosi 39 ikwazile ukuba singene zokuzikhusela utshaba ukuze kwiikhilomitha ezininzi. Amabutho ukunciphisa kaloliwe Königsberg-Pillau. Ngeli xesha, th 50, 43 th 11 th Guards. Army waphuncuka ngekhonkco lokuqala ukuzithethelela. Bakwazi ukuba nokusondela iindonga zesixeko. Eyokuqala iyangena Wozisibekekisa 43 Army. Emva kweentsuku-2 emva kokuba nempi enkulu umkhosi Soviet yakwazi kuthimba kaloliwe isiphambuka kunye nothotho, ezininzi iziza mveliso kunye nomkhosi. Lo msebenzi yokuqala, nto leyo isigqibo ukusebenza Königsberg, wanqanyulwa imikhosi ekampini, ibekwe kwi Samland Peninsula.

Okukodwa impi

Izicwangciso izigaba Koenigsberg operation, umyalelo eSoviet kuqala limisela umgca yokuqala kuba uhlaselo, leyo ukufihla igalelo kunye nomkhosi firepower. Ngoko ke umyalelo emgceni ka emfazweni, waza ke waya eyona nxalenye itanki. On ukudubula izikhundla esekwe ngemipu lokwalatha ngqo, abalungiselelwe kwi iindinyana miqobo. Emva koko, iinjongo beeyunithi elihamba, zokudubula kunye namatanki, kwaye kananjalo ukuba alungiselele ukuba iiyunithi rhoqo ukusebenzisana yomkhosi. Emva koqeqesho emfutshane kodwa noko ngokucokisekileyo esalatha ngqo ngemipu kwi uphawu ukusuka kwindawo wavula umlilo kwi elibhaqiweyo badubula amanqaku, iindonga kunye neefestile zezindlu, embrasures ezizezolonakaliso. Ngaphandle usethubeni lokuba uhlaselo nokoyika avala uqhwithela. Bakhawuleza bafudukela izakhiwo kakhulu. Emva kokuba kuhlasela isakhiwo kuthinjwa. Breaking ngaphandle, amajoni ukubetha phambili kungena kuwo umzi. Amajoni langena ngokusebenzisa iipaki, izitrato, imiyezo, iintendelezo njalo njalo. Le nto ke yawatsho iibhloko ngamnye kunye nezakhiwo, kwaoko uqhekeko kubangele isimo ukuzithethelela. Abangenza kwakha ngamatye. Esilungiselelwe ngononophelo izibonelelo phezu kwaloo mmandla, ejongene kwicala yotshaba. Ke kaloku, kuhlala amabutho yiSoviet, baxhotyiswa ngamanqaku ulawulo, oko kudala lokuzithethelela setyhula, amisiweyo noxanduva ukugcinwa kwezi commandants amanqaku. Ngexa leentsku ezimbalwa edlwengulwa yokulwa moya bamthwala phantse 14,000 nokuhlasela, ohlisa ku iinqaba namabutho malunga namawaka 3.5. Iitoni iziqhushumbisi.

Emuva amaJamani

8,04 umyalelo eSoviet wathumela izigidimi kwinqaba nesiphakamiso walala phantsi izixhobo. Noko ke, utshaba wala, nokuqhubeka uxhathiso. Kusasa ka-Aprili 9 ziiyunithi ezininzi kaNdikhoyo ekampini wenza iinzame ukuya ngasentshona. Kodwa ke iintshukumo 43 Army, ezi zicwangciso ziye yayiphazamisekile. Ngenxa yoko, utshaba akazange akwazi ukubaleka baphume kuwo umzi. Nge Samland Peninsula, inxalenye vehicles Division 5 wazama sokuhlaselwa. Noko ke, sibali-punch ayinazo yimpumelelo. Qalisa yahlasela ngu moya yiSoviet kunye zokudubula kwiindawo Abasindileyo eziphumelela German. Baye nabalindi Division 11. ehlasela isixeko embindini amelane amaJamani. Ngenxa yoko, Aprili 9 ikampu kwanyanzeleka ukuba anikezele.

iziphumo

operation Königsberg uvumelekile ukukhulula isixeko ngobuchule ebalulekileyo. Iyunithi iphambili East imikhosi Prussia zaseJamani yatshabalala. Emva kokuba imfazwe, imikhosi wahlala phezu Samland Peninsula. Noko ke, kwaye eli qela sisusiwe. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu eSoviet Kwathi 94 amawaka Fascists., Malunga 42 amawaka. Uyabulawa entolongweni. iiyunithi Soviet wayithimba ngaphezu kwamawaka 2. Guns, mortars 1600, 128 moya. Ngokutsho kwiziphumo zohlalutyo meko olwenziwe yi G. Kretinin, ubunzima elipheleleyo amabanjwa kuyo malunga 25-30 lamawaka. Abantu ababekulo yokudibanela. Kulo mba, kulo mzobo ubonisa mbali 70.5 amawaka. Zomkhosi German kuthinjwa emva kokuba zokulwa lugqityiwe. operation Königsberg yabalasela izitakantlantsi eMoscow. 24 ka 324 imipu imvula alenzileyo. Ukongeza, iinkokheli lizwe iseke imbasa, kunye 98 iiyunithi Wezomkhosi wafumana igama "Königsberg". Ngokutsho amaxwebhu eSoviet, ukulahlekelwa eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet yaba 3.700 abulawe. G. Kretinin uthi yonke ukusebenza yaququzelelwa kwaye kwenziwa "hayi inani kunye nobuchule."

isiphelo

Ngexesha iphulo East Prussia amajoni Soviet babonisa izakhono enkulu ubuqhawe obungaqhelekanga. Bakwazi ukuba boyise ezinye namakhonkco enamandla ukuzithethelela, ngeenkani kwaye ngengcwangu lokuziphendulela simchase. Uloyiso umsebenzi sele iphunyelelwe yi amadabi ngokwaneleyo elide. Ngenxa yoko, amajoni Soviet wakwazi ukuba luthathe East Prussia, ukuba akhulule kwintsimi kumantla Polish.