Yintoni na le PI inombolo, yaye yintoni na ngembali yaso

Enye kunazo zonke lweenombolo ezaziwayo ebantwini, Kakade ke, inani Π (funda - PI). Xa algebra, eli nani ibonakalisa ixabiso lulwahlulo achazwe apha yayo. Ngaphambili, esi sixa ngokuba inombolo ludolfovym. akazange inani Pi akwaziwa ukuba ezithile, kodwa kwimathematika yahlulwe njani yaye phi ngezigaba 3 kwimbali yonke le PI ngenani, iminyaka yamandulo, classical eyidijithali computer.

Inani P - nto ibubudenge, oko kukuthi, Awukwazi ukumelwa njengeqhezu elula, apho elingezantsi kunye nenani zizinto integers. Ngenxa yoko, inani onjalo akukho kuvalwa ngamaxesha athile. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala kwaba le irrationality ka P I. Lambert ngo-1761.

Ukongeza kule propati, inani P ayikwazi ukuba nkqu ingcambu ye polynomial, ngoko ke inani ngokudlul. Le propati, xa ndizilingile 1882, aphelise le mbambano imathematika zingcwele "ye squaring isangqa", eyathatha iminyaka 2500.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngowokuqala ukwazisa ukonyulwa inani British Jones ngo-1706. Xa kukho imisebenzi Euler, ukusetyenziswa elo gama yaba eyamkelekileyo.

Ukuze ngokupheleleyo siqonde ukuba inani Pi, kufuneka sithi ukusetyenziswa kwalo kwande kangangokuba kube nzima ukuba igama isebe yesayensi ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwayo. Enye kakhulu elula waqhelana evela amaxabiso esikolweni yenkqubo - lo ukonyulwa kwethuba yemigca. Umlinganiselo ubude wesangqa eya ubukhulu yawo rhoqo kwaye ilingana-3, ixabiso 14. Kuye kwaziwa ukususela zezibalo yamandulo eIndiya, Greece, eBhabhiloni, eYiputa. Elicandelo yokuqala yokubala umlinganiselo libhekisa ku-1900 BC. e. Okunye ilingane nexabiso ekhoyo P kubalwa umphengululi Chinese Lyu Huey, ukongeza, wasungula indlela fast enjalo ukubala. ixabiso layo liye lahlala umgangatho phantse 900 iminyaka.

Ithuba classical lwemathematika yabalasela kukuba ukujonga kanye oko inani Pi, oososayensi baqalisa ukusebenzisa iindlela zokwenza uhlalutyo zezibalo. In sezibalo 1400s Indian Madhava ukubala ngobhalo series ukubona inombolo ixesha P ukuya kutsho kwisi-11 emva kokuba kwesishumi. I-European wokuqala emva noArchimedes, ngubani kuphandwe inani P kwaye lenze igalelo elibalulekileyo, sesa ekugwetyelweni yayo, waye Dutch Ludolf van Zeil, nto leyo ezichongwe amanani ngaphezulu kwama-15 emva kokuba indawo enedesimali, uze ngokuthanda ebhaliweyo amagama ehlekisayo: ". ... abanomdla - kwaye samyeka" Kuyinto wokuwonga elaa nzulu, inani P kwaye uye wafumana kuqala kuphela kwimbali igama elifanelekileyo.

Computing era weza iinkcukacha ezintsha kwi ukuqonda uhlobo lwe P Umzekelo, ukuba ufumanise ukuba yintoni na inani Pi, ngowe-1949, yaqala kusetyenziswa ENIAC ikhompyutha, omnye nabaqulunqi apho i "nguyise" elizayo e-worldwork theory kweekhompyutha mihla J. eyayivela kunikezelo. Esi silinganiso lokuqala lwaqhutywa iiyure 70 wabanika amanani 2037 emva kokuba kwesishumi nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba P. amanqaku amanqaku kwesigidi kwaphunyelelwa ngo-1973. Ngaphezu koko, kule xesha kwabekwa ezinye neefomula, ebonisa inani le P. Ngokomzekelo, abazalwana Chudnovskii ukufumana leyo ukuba ukubala 1.011.196.691 amanani xesha.

Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na inani Pi", izifundo ezininzi waqala ukufana olu khuphiswano. Namhlanje, computer sele ukujongana nomba, yintoni ngokwenene upi. izibakala umdla enxulumene nezi zifundo, igcwele phantse imbali lonke lemathematika.

Namhlanje, umzekelo, ziqhutywa Championships zehlabathi ubuya inani le n kunye iirekhodi zehlabathi esisigxina, le yokugqibela ephethwe yi-Chinese Liu Chao, usuku kunye elincinane, tsalela abalinganiswa 67 890. Kwihlabathi kukho nkqu umthendeleko P, nto leyo ibhiyozelwa ngomhla we-14 Matshi njenge "Usuku Pi".

Ngokutsho data ye-2011 sele ifakiwe 10 ezigidi zekhadi kwexesha.