Moya engile yokuhlasela - ntoni na?

I rectilinear oxwesileyo moya flight engile yokuhlasela kwanda ukwandisa ngesantya ngokongeza phakamisa amandla moya, nto leyo idala iphiko. Nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa bokuxhathisa kwaye inductance. I-engile uhlaselo moya zibonakaliswe yileta lesiGrike "alpha" kwaye ithetha ikona leyo ifumaneka phakathi kwicala etikweni Isingqi kunye nezinga ukungena komoya.

Wing and umsinga

Zingaphi moya ehlabathini, ubuso abaninzi moya yenye ngeengozi osetyenziswe eloyikekayo - nokulahlwa ibe tailspin, kuba engile uhlaselo moya lingaphezulu kunexabiso ezibalulekileyo. Koko ahambe ukuhamba kwemali umoya phezu Iphiko yaphulwe, kwaye lift liyehla. Ucazululo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwi iphiko elinye, njengoko ukurhangqa siphantse ze macala. Kungenxa kule iphiko moya wawa, kwaye kakuhle, ukuba asesitalini akayi kungena a tailspin.

Kutheni kukho iimeko ezinjalo xa engile moya yokuhlasela kwandisa kwixabiso ebalulekileyo? Okanye speed ilahlekile okanye kakhulu eqondisa ogcwele moya. Kodwa le nto inokwenzeka, ukuba ukuphakama inkulu kakhulu kufutshane "eluphahleni" amathuba. Isikakhulu yamva eyenzekayo xa ukukhasa phezu kwamafu emvula. uxinzelelo Dynamic undizela phezulu iphantsi, isikhephe uba ezingazinzanga ngakumbi, yaye engile ebaluleke kakhulu uhlaselo ntaka ukwandisa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Aviation yomkhosi abangekho

Le meko ichazwe ngentla apha kukuba yeqhelekileyo njengezelatha-moya-moya, ingakumbi abantu abalwa abo sebeqabuke ithiyori namava ngokwaneleyo ukuba aphume nayiphi na imeko yesicwangciso enjalo. Kodwa ke eyona kwalo mmangaliso - into ebonakalayo kuphela, yaye ngenxa yoko kuqhelekile bonke moya, zonke iintlobo, bonke ubukhulu kunye nayiphi na injongo. moya umkhweli musa ukubhabha ngesantya asezantsi kakhulu, kwaye odla ezingenamandla kubo, kakhulu, ezinokunikezelwa. pilot ababulawayo amaninzi abakwazi ukumelana nale meko, xa engile uhlaselo iphiko moya uba ezibalulekileyo.

Kucingwa imeko engaqhelekanga, ukuba inqanawa umkhweli ngesiquphe ulahlekelwa isantya, enyanisweni, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ngokubanzi. Kodwa akukho. Kunye nokwenza basekhaya angaphandle ibonisa ukuba oku inqabile kakhulu, xa asesitalini iphela intlekele kwaye ukufa kwabantu abaninzi. pilot ababulawayo bangabi zilungiselelwe kakuhle ukusombulula imeko-moya. Kodwa ke lenguqu ukuya spin ingathintelwa ukuba engile uhlaselo moya kwi ngexesha elinye akuthethi ukuba bagxeke. Xa iyenzeka ukwenza phantse akukho nto ayinakwenzeka.

izibonelo

Kwathi intlekele lenzekile eli moya TU-154 ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Hi xikombiso, ku Kazakhstan, apho inqanawa sicuthiwe kwimo ukungaphumeleli, umqhubi zange ayeke ukutsala ngokwayo kweevili ezijikelezayo, bazama ukuphelisa ukwehla. Inqanawa kwakufuneka ukunika okwahlukileyo! Yehlisa impumlo ukuba ukuvuka isantya. Kodwa de kuwa emhlabeni umqhubi ukuba akazange ndaqonda. Lwaba Kwenzeka into efanayo kufuphi Irkutsk, kwaye kufuphi IDonetsk. Kwakhona, A-310 kufuphi Kremenchug wazama ukuba bafumane iyenzeka xa kuyimfuneko ukuba bafumane isantya kwaye onke amaxesha agcine igeyiji se-engile yokuhlasela-moya.

Ukuphakamisa amandla eveliswe ukunyusa izinga lokuhamba ujikeleze phezu iphiko phezulu ngeqondo flow ngezantsi iphiko. Lo mfula ngesantya esiphezulu amanqaku, uxinzelelo ngaphantsi apho. Umahluko uxinzelelo nephiko naphantsi iphiko - oko kukuthi, amandla wavulwa. moya engile yokuhlasela - sisalathisi ekubalekeni eqhelekileyo.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni

Ukuba inqanawa ngesiquphe iya ebhankini ekunene, umqhubi deflects ivili lokuqhuba ukuya ekhohlo, ngokuchasene noluhlu. Ngaloo aileron ye iphiko kwi console ukuba baphambuke uyehla kwaye engile yokuhlaselwa kwandisa xa elekhtrons umoya emfuleni nokunyusa uxinzelelo. Ngelo xesha phezu iphiko, le budget okukhawulezileyo kunciphisa uxinzelelo phezu iphiko. Yaye iphiko ekunene ngelo xesha kukho nomkhwezeli. Aileron - up kusehla engile yokuhlasela nokuphakamisa. Kwaye ke isitya ngaphandle roll.

Noko ke, ukuba engile uhlaselo moya (xa lihlala, umzekelo) kufutshane kakhulu, ngamanye mkhulu kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwala phantsi aileron, ngoko ke ngobuqhophololo zezulu jet yophukile, ukususela ngoku singqonga. Kwaye oku asesitalini kakhulu ezi zokucoca isantya sokuqukuqela umoya kunye kakhulu kwandisa uxinzelelo iphiko. Phakamisa ngokukhawuleza ibulale, ngoxa kwelinye iphiko, yonke into entle. Umahluko lift kuluhlu kwandisa kuphela. A pilot eyayifuna best ... Kodwa inqanawa iqala ukwehla, ukuba uye ukujikeleza phakathi spin awe.

Indlela ukungena

Malunga moya engile yokuhlaselwa "for Dummies" wathi iingcali yabaqhubi ezininzi, nkqu Mikoyan wabhala lukhulu ngayo. Enyanisweni, yonke into ilula: ulingano ngokupheleleyo kungabonwa emoyeni flow, yaye ke ngoko, nokuba ngaphandle ibhanki inokwenzeka ukuphazamiseka ukungena komoya, yaye emva koko kuphela iphiko elinye. Abantu ekude kakhulu nokuqhuba, kodwa ukwazi imithetho physics, ziya kuba nako uku bana phandle na engile uhlaselo moya yaba kakhulu.

isiphelo

Ngoku kulula ukwenza isigqibo elula esisiseko: ukuba engile lokuhlasela enkulu ngesantya esisezantsi, awukwazi, ngokupheleleyo awukwazi ukulwa ezi ailerons umqulu. Wasusa ukujikeleza ivili (ihamba). Kungenjalo, kulula ukuba bamqumbise a tailspin. Ukuba emkhombeni lisekhona, baphethe kule meko ayakwazi ukuthumela i pilot wamajoni, iliso abanjalo ukufundisa, ukuba bendiza imithetho engqongqo kakhulu ingqongqo.

A imfuneko ukufunda! Emva kokuba iingozi moya zisoloko zihlalutywe ngocoselelo yeembali iincoko i "iibhokisi abamnyama". Yaye kule ndlwana-moya yantlitheka tailspin ayivakali "ivili kude kuwe!", Nangona oku kungenzeka kuphela usindiso. Yaye 'unyawo nxamnye ebhankini! " Ayizange isandi kakhulu. I pilot of zoPhapho kwiimeko ezinjalo ningekalungi.

Kutheni le nto isenzeka

moya umkhweli nokuhambisa phantse ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo yenza kube lula nokulingwa izenzo. Ingakumbi kumayelana imozulu embi kwaye aphaphazele aye ebusuku. Noko ke, apha kukho ingozi enkulu. Ukuba inkqubo emhlabeni ukuze ukuyisebenzisa akunakwenzeka, ukuba uthe akwavuma node ubuncinane enye kwinkqubo ezenzekelayo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba usebenzise ulawulo manual. Kodwa abaqhubi babeqhele ukuya yokuZenzekelayo ebegqwese yokulahlekelwa izakhono ulingo "indlela lixesha endala", ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngapha koko, nkqu simulators kuba kubo imiselwe ku imo oluzenzekelayo.

Ngenxa yale ngozi kwenzeka. Umzekelo, e Zurich ethwele ayiphumelelanga ukuyohlala kakuhle kwi drive. Imozulu ncinci, yaye umqhubi taxied na nemoto imithi. Bonke babulawa. Kudla ukuba esi sixhobo ibangela lethu kwindawo tailspin. Yalawa njalo kuLuhlu usebenzisa ailerons ngabom, oko kukuthi, ukwenza yintoni na enokwenziwa phantsi isisongelo ihambisa. Kwigophe eliphezulu yokuhlasela yayizihambela kufuneka ivulwe ngoko nangoko.

isenzo UMZEKELO yalawa

Yalawa esilimaza kuphela ekuqaleni asesitalini, kodwa Ukuveliswa-moya evela Ihlole. Umzekelo oku ayanceda ityala Akhtubinsk, apho kukho uvavanyo olulingwayo entle emkhosini Alexander Kuznetsov kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukukhafula, yaye eqonda yintoni ingxaki. Wahlasela injongo kunye yayizihambela watshintshela xa wawelwa tailspin. Kabini wakwazi ukuyeka njengokujikeleza moya, kodwa ngeenkani yalawa aileron afihla, kwaye ukujikeleza ibuyiswa.

iingxaki ezifanayo apho kuvela rhoqo ngokunxulumene ukusasazeka ngokubanzi ulawulo zahlelwa oluzenzekelayo lo moya, ukuba ukhathazeke kakhulu iingcali nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona eyama civil amazwe. Zinginginya kwisemina zehlabathi irallie enikelwe ukhuseleko moya, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo kubonisa ukuba amabutho baqeqeshwa kulawulo moya encinane iqondo eliphezulu matshini. Baya kuphuma meko kuphela xa umqhubi unalo ukuhlakanipha lobuqu nakubuchule elungileyo okulinga manual.

Amaphutha osetyenziswe

Nditsho oluzenzekelayo, nto leyo lixhotyiswe yabaqhubi nqanawa badla musa ngokwaneleyo ukuqonda. Ngowe-40% lweengozi moya kuyo wadlala indima (30% yabo iye yaphela kwintlekele). EUnited States waqalisa ukuba ubungqina nokungavisisani abaqhubi kunye moya esizisebenzelayo ephakamileyo, yaye sele efunde khathalogu. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi bandisa abazange nokuziphawula saliphosa ukusilela umatshini kwaye yalawa bonke.

Lamahlwempu ukulawula kunye nemeko isantya kunye namandla, ngenxa yokuba ayigcinwa le meko. Ezinye pilot abaqapheli ukuba aphambuke uyekile ukuba alungiswe. Kuyimfuneko ukulawula indlela moya, kwaye wenqwelo- baphazanyiswa lwenkqubo inkqubo ezenzekelayo. Yaye zenzeka Nangoku iimpazamo ezininzi ezinjengezo. Izinto ezenziwa abantu - 62% yazo zonke ngokunzulu iingozi.

Ingcaciso "phezu iminwe"

Yintoni na engile uhlaselo moya mhlawumbi sele uyazi yonke, kunye nokubaluleka kolu luvo nokuba uyazi nabantu ezinxulumene mboni. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona na? Ukuba kukho, bona ehlabathini mncinane kakhulu. Bhabha ezinye moya phantse yonke into! Kwaye phantse bonke besoyika ukubhabha. Umntu sihlangabezana ngaphakathi, kwaye umntu kwibhodi iwela hysterics kwi esisiphithiphithi encinane.

Mhlawumbi, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba ukuxelela abakhweli malunga nezimaphambili ezininzi ezingundoqo enxulumene moya. Emva kokuba angle ebaluleke kakhulu uhlaselo moya ayikho kwaphela oko abatyhubela, kwaye kungcono ukuba baya kuqonda. Unga ayalele abalindi moya ukugqithisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo, alungise umfanekiso ohambelana. Ngokomzekelo, isixelela ukuba akukho self-xabiso ngokuphindwe lift. Nje ayikho. Zonke izibawu ngokusebenzisa amandla omoya yokuxhathisa emoyeni! Olo uhambo ukuya nemigaqo yenzululwazi ayikwazi kuphela aphum ukusabela noloyiko, kodwa inzala.

Engile woluvo ukuhlasela

Kulo moya ngokuyimfuneko isixhobo ekwaziyo uzingela engile iphiko kunye nomoya umjelo tye. Eso sixhobo, apho kuxhomekeke-ntle-moya, kukho ubuncinane umfanekiso ukubonisa ngabakhweli. Le woluvo kugweba ukuba impumlo ntaka ujonge phezulu okanye ezantsi. Ukuba angle ezibalulekileyo yokuhlasela, amandla injini akwanelanga ukuba aqhubeke moya, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho ivenkilana kwi iphiko elinye.

Kunokwenzeka kwaye kakhulu kulula ukuba achaze: Ngesi woluvo, uyakwazi ukubona engile phakathi moya emhlabeni. Le migca kufuneka eyayingqalene moya ukuba ukuphakama olufunyenwe ukunciphisa basenethuba. Ukuba uhamba umgca osezantsi idla kumgca engqondweni sibhalwe ecaleni moya, oko Uyenze lembombo, ekuthiwa engile kokuhlaselwa. Ngaphandle kwalo, kakhulu, azisebenzi, ngenxa yokuba lo moya kwi-engile athathe kwaye umhlaba. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba yinto engenakwenzeka. Ngoko sifanele sithethe. Kwaye yiloo nto yonke kukho ukwazi malunga iindiza abakhweli.