Yintoni igama sesibini uTroy?

Imbali ukuwa Troy, ukuba ulixhoba Odyssey obufihlakeleyo, makwazeke kuthi evela kwikharityhulam - hayi kwi kwimbali kunye noncwadi. KaHomer, enye iisampulu ziyahlonelwa endala, ubalisa ibali yemfazwe, nto leyo isixeko enamandla yatshatyalaliswa, nabemi bayo - ziyafa okanye engamakhoboka. Elinye igama Troy kwiintsomi zamaGrike - Ilion (kungoko, enyanisweni, igama imisebenzi adumileyo: "Iliad").

Ilivo ngemvelaphi mzi

Ngokutsho legend, umzi yasekwa zodaka - inkosi yokuqala kaTrojan kunye nemvelaphi yakhe ukwazi: unina wakhe Uphunguphungu. Ngenye imini waya komdlalo baza bawoyisa kubo, ingasizakali indebe kunye iimbasa mahlanu amakhoboka amadoda namabhinqa, kunye (kunokuba Akumangalisi) imazi nganye. Isihlabo wamxelela ukuba ukwakha isixeko apho isilwanyana tywa - IL wenza.

Ngokutsho legend, ngohlobo ndinentsikelelo koothixo emnyango wentente yasebukhosini liphuma ezulwini lehla umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka-Athena. Kamva Il sakhiwe imbeko isithixokazi lwetempile, wayekho itempile (nakuba nqapha) kangangeenkulungwane.

Amabali yeengcinga zenzululwazi

Ndimele ndithi ukuba amazwi ukuba igama sesibini Troy - Ilion, kwimeko yenzululwazi, ayikhangeleki ezithile. Kucacile ukuba lo mzi. Ubungqina boku, kwaye iintsomi kwaye ibonisa abamelwane, kwaye uhloniphe ukuba babezalusa izizwana ezahlukeneyo zamandulo (namaPersi, umzekelo). Kuyabonakala ukuba, lo mzi waba enamandla kakhulu nelinobutyebi, kodwa mbali unelona Ilium of "Iliad" (wayebhekisela kummandla ulwazi yeentsomi namabali), kwaye ngqo umzi ikho ngokwenene kumaxesha amandulo.

Ukuthelekisa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, oko kuthathwa ukuba yokuhlala kwabonakala phantse kule nkulungwane BC-3. Kucacile ukuba ngedatha ethembekileyo kwindawo yayo ngqo, yokuphila njalo njalo. D. Ngoku ungafumana kunzima (ukuba ngeke kwenzeke). Ingakumbi ukuba amangqina "waluduba malunga yesingqino," yaye ukutya kuphela ukuvela yeengcinga ezintsha.

imibono entsha

Kukho, umzekelo, uguqulelo njengako apho Ilion - elinye igama kwisixeko Troy, nekomkhulu layo (enyanisweni, ngokuba UTroy - state). Eminye imithombo bathi phofu rock kungenakugqithwa, aculwa kaHomer, akukho nto eConstantinople: ukuba uMlawuli uConstantine sagqiba ukwakha i "eRoma omtsha" "kwisayithi ka Ilium yamandulo", egqalwa indawo awazalelwa kuyo wabaseki City obunguNaphakade (khumbula i "Aeneid" Virgil). Ngoko, kwenzeka ukuba igama mihla Troy - Istanbul? Kuphakathi. Ababhali hypothesis ebuyela phantsi: Kuyabonakala ukuba kamva watshintsha ingqondo yakhe uConstantine bafudukela ikomkhulu lakhe ngokubhekele phaya Byzantium yamandulo.

eminye imithombo ukwenza lusekeleke khona kusekubeni, njengoko yesibini igama Troy - Ilion, neYerusalem - Elia (Elia, Ilion) Capitolina ngayo, kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba le yenye kwaye mzi, ebizwa nje ibe eyahlukileyo kancinane ngenxa yobume iziyelelane bendawo . Version ekuthethwa thile entsha, kodwa yena uye amarhamente.

Ngoko ke ubuncinane ingcamango kwamnandi ukuba elinye igama Troy - Atlantis. Esi sigqibo liye lahlokoma ekuqaleni-imi- 90 ka khulu lokugqibela leminyaka kwaye isekelwe phezu kwezinye ukufana sung lwemveli kwabantu ezahlukeneyo iinkcubeko. Nangona kunjalo, lo lesayensi akuthethi ehleka lo mbono.

kufunyaniswe zizazinzulu

Xa sijonga izibakala, uye wakhankanya amagama amabini Troy kunye noovimba mandulo ookumkani umHeti. Lo mthombo kakhulu lwembali yezenzululwazi. Kodwa kula maxwebhu, kwaba akufani, yaye izixeko ezibini ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa kwakhona: unanimity njengoko bekungekho kwaye kungekho. Ekugqibeleni, kungekhona into yokuba amaHeti yamandulo kwakuthetha ukuba kanye oko bafuna ukufunda nge mbali mihla.

Nangona "ukudideka kwaye kwakungekho" kwihlabathi kwizifundo, obanzi kakhulu luguqulelo, nto leyo ithi:

• iziganeko ezichazwe yomsebenzi wamandulo, baye ndawo;

• elinye igama kwisixeko Troy - Ilion;

• Yayikumgama kanye apho etsolo uHomer ( "Iliad" umsebenzi jikelele kunokuba eneenkcukacha - omnye kuphela uluhlu lwe iinqanawa Greek ixabisa).

Umthandi of Archaeology

Kukho isizathu (yaye oku) bakholelwa ukuba inqaba kungenakugqithwa, ukubonakala kumbongo yamandulo, yafunyanwa ngama zakudala Heinrich Schliemann ungumzondeleli ngo-1970. Ingxenye ethile uluntu ityekele kuye ukuba izenzo: Musa ukumoyika abasemagunyeni, ukuthi, ukuba siganeko kunye kwindawo echazwe kwi "Iliad" - ngakumbi akukho nje yasentsomini, waza wafumana imvume agrumbe kwaye bafumana ikhethe kumatyotyombe yamandulo kufuphi kwenduli Hissarlik, ngomhla kummandla Ottoman (ngoku! - Turkey).

Special Education Schliemann akazange, kodwa i fan ukufunda wembongi eyimfama. ukufunda Evening ngenxa "I-Iliad 'entliziyweni yenkwenkwe kwabantwana abancinane, kwathiwa igama UTroy: kungenjalo akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ukuba ungusomashishini, uyise wabantwana abathathu, indoda akusekho oselula waqhubeka efuna kuloo mzi, apho bambalwa bakholwa ukuba zikhona.

Biography wabagrumbi-ziza zakudala engahlawulwayo - script zilungele movie Hollywood: wazalelwa kwintsapho yombingeleli ihlwempu, kwidolophana ekude kumda Polish-German, Schliemann wenza ithi ezimbalwa, abanamava adventures abaninzi, eRashiya, wayetshate kwesigele abashiya naye, waya ukuba bafune iphupha lakhe, waza wadibana inkanuko elitsha: ibhinqa eliselula Greek Sofia. Yaba intloko elihle kuye, iminwe kunye nentamo waleka kunye izizithsaba anqabileyo, namaso kunye amakhonkco ezifumaneka kwimingxuma. Ngaphezu kwama-10 000 izinto zegolide! Yaba Nixabiseke ngokwenene.

Gold - into emnyama ...

Okumiselwe a yobuncwane abangenagama. Schliemann wamnika uyafumana (bonke okanye inxalenye, uThixo uyazi) kwi-Berlin Museum, apho ngokukhuselekileyo kusithela ngexesha Second World War. Kukho imithombo abo bathi, nangona igolide kwafunyaniswa emva kokuwa waseUSSR eRashiya, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kule iimyuziyam zikarhulumente (ingakumbi Hermitage) thaca izifundo owabona ukuphumelela mzi, aculwa kaHomer enkulu.

Schliemann nethamsanqa kunene: ekufuneni siphelile. Noko ke, ngoku ufunyenwe zagxekwa: zombiwe wenziwe, ngoko, indlela elifuna singamaqaba. Endleleni eya ekufumaneni zexabiso ufumana Schliemann "yadiliza" bosixhenxe (!) Maleko yeNkcubeko lempucuko yamandulo, phantse bengaboni, yaye musa wada wenza ukuya emazantsi "ezintliziyweni", waza waya kuma kwinqanaba kokugqibela. Musa ukuthetha nantoni na, umsebenzi "omhle".

abaphandi yenkuthalo

abembi Kamva (hayi amateurs kunye neengcali), bafumana kunjengoko baninzi ezisithoba maleko mzuzu leminyaka, esi sixeko yawa kwamazinyo, bahambela - kwaye ixesha ngalinye ushiye uphawu yayo kunxweme loLwandle Aegean.

Ekuqaleni ubukho esi sisombululo ngayo wayeno- igama elahlukileyo: isixeko Troy ngokwayo kule nkulungwane BC-3. e. kusekho abakwazanga. Imvelaphi umaleko neNkcubeko ibhaqhe abembi imelwe yokuhlala sangqa nje ezilikhulu ubude. Kuba ngexesha layo, oko enqatyisiweyo kakuhle, isakhiwo kunokuba namandla, nto leyo yatshatyalaliswa, kukholelwa ukuba umlilo.

Schliemann bagubhe umaleko ngolu hlobo, kwaye lisukela emva yesithathu yeminyaka BC. Njengoko kaTrojan, ababhali-mbali mihla kuthi ga ekupheleni yesibini elibhaqiweyo nje awukwazi zakudala zakudala zasekhaya zinxulumene Amaqhawe "Iliad", njengoko ezindala iziganeko ezichazwa eliwaka ubuncinane iminyaka. Kodwa "Troy inani ezimbini" Eneneni yatshatyalaliswa ebudeni bemfazwe; oku, ngokutsho izazinzulu, ibonisa umlinganiswa kukwaphulwa.

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane mihlanu izayo, isixeko ungathanda kakhulu abangekho ngaphezu. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa akukho mkhondo aluhlaza, kodwa wafumana akukho bungqina isidima ngokupheleleyo. Akuthandeki ukuba "Troy kaThixo inani amathathu, amane anantlanu," waba isixeko kanye esibalaseleyo wawa wengcibi Odysseus - zinxulumene nexesha ubukho Troy kule nombolo amathandathu anesixhenxe kwaye ngoko, iziganeko ezichazwe kwi "Iliad."

Ezembiweyo zibonisa iintsalela ngokokwakhiwa kwebhotwe enkulu enqatyisiweyo elakhiwe ngeli xesha, iindonga iimitha 4-5 zamafu. Kucacile ukuba phakathi kwiminyaka 1800-1025 BC. e. yamandulo Ilion (ukuba basakholelwa ukuba lo wesibini igama lomzi Troy) wanda kwaye watyikatyikeka kubunewunewu. Kwaye ke iindonga Troy, inombolo 6 bobungayi konakaliswa ngabantu, kunye nenyikima, abaphengululi namhlanje oyikholelwayo ukuba imfazwe, nto leyo kwinqaba iShushan enkulu, ubhekisela kule (1800-1250 gg.) Okanye elandelayo (1250-1025 gg.) Period .

Romance kunye babona kabuhlungu

Kule ntetho echaza unobangela wengozi yaba ibhinqa elihle (kwaye ukuba oluphezulu njengoko ngesondo buthathaka, kwaye nkqu thixokazi, ukuba akukho namnye, kodwa emine). Ngokutsho legend, kaTrojan umthetheli Paris i (leyo, ngokuba ukuqondana ethile engaqhelekanga ke, waba ngumalusi), aba abemi ezintathu abanamandla Olympus: Aphrodite, zekhompyutha kunye Athena kunye nesicelo ukuchonga amahle kubo.

Lo mfana zange isigqibo; kwandule ke yothixokazi baqalisa ukunikela kuye konke ukonakala elungileyo, kuyabonakala ukuba, phezu uluntu. Umntu wathembisa amandla, umntu - uphumelele kwishishini emkhosini, yaye isithixokazi uthando, izithembiso ukuzithandisa nzwakazi zabafazi.

Ngu ukuqondana lilishwa, "isicengo" wayetshate kukumkani Spartan, kodwa loo nto ayizange ayeke iqhawe. Yena ebaleke umfazi Menelaus, owathi, zixhaswa emanyene, ngokusesikweni imfazwe nxamnye uyise ka Paris, wawungqinga umzi ka Ilium (Troy igama yesibini).

Abaphandi yokugxeka mihla bakholelwa ukuba uthando line - ububhanxa: mhlawumbi unobangela imbambano baqalisa imali kunye nempembelelo kule ngingqi (ezifana njalo). Ukubandakanyeka ngqo woothixo, kakhulu, akukho ngaphezu kokuba intsomi. Kodwa nenkcazelo ndawo, "Iliad" kunye nesicwangciso ubomi isixeko ichanekile kakhulu.

Ubukumkani we ngeso

Mhlawumbi le ngcaciso ilula: ngokwenani Troy ka-7 yatshatyalaliswa imfazwe, emva 2.5 kwinkulungwane kwakhona waqalisa ukuba ahlale amaGrike - eli xesha umsebenzi lokwenyaniso kaHomer. Ayizange kuthatha ixesha elininzi, iintsalela esixeko samandulo ziye uthelekisa nezinye "entsha". Umbhali lo amaqhawe kwaba lula ukuba tie fiction ukuze inyaniso, ngenxa yokuba i "wengxabano kwemiphakathi" waba naye, unako uthi phambi kwamehlo. Noko ke, enyanisweni, asinakuze sazi.

Eli bali - inxalenye etsomo, iindawo real - umzi, ezo ntlokoma leyo yobukhulu yasinda ngenxa inkcubeko yamaGrike okuqaqambileyo yamandulo. Mandivume ukuba ukuba khange umbhali imfama (kabani ubuqambi bawisa ukuthandabuza), kusenokwenzeka ukuba zombini igama yokuqala neyesibini Troy wakha antywiliselwe zisabonakala (okanye, ubuncinane, bekuya kuba umdla kuphela kwisangqa elimxinwa leengcali) .

Ngethamsanqa, kwenzeka kunjalo. Isixeko buvele isiphelo sayo buhlungu kulawula iingqondo zabantu eminyaka ngaphezu ezimbini. Eneneni kwanokuba Troy akuzange, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ukuba yasungulwa.