Alderfera theory: inkcazelo, iimpawu kunye nokubalulwa

Inkuthazo - ngummandla uphando unomdla kwingcingane izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke abe eminyaka. Bazimisele ukuba ukwazi kakuhle oko mpembelelo zamandla okuqhuba ezi sisiseko sokuziphatha kwabantu, yintoni na lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni iimfuno zabantu, yintoni na ifuthe lazo yokuziphatha.

Ziintoni iimpawu Alderfera ingcamango?

Enye yezi abaphandi yi yaseMerika Scientist Clayton Alderfer. ingqiqo yalo kwezinye iindlela ezifanayo izimvo ka-Abraham Maslow. Noko ke, le mfundiso Alderfera iimfuno iphiramidi eziquka kweeyunithi ezintathu kuphela. Oku iimfuno ekuphileni, ezentlalo kwakunye ekufuneni yokukhula kunye nophuhliso. E IsiNgesi, le thiyori luchazwa yi le ungayiqondiyo IsiNdebele ngokutsho iincwadi ezintathu ezinkulu ezi iibhloko (Ubukho, Relatedness, Growth). Eyona eyaziwa njengendawo ithiyori inkuthazo enkulu Alderfera (umxholo ubhekiselela kuye nabani ingqiqo, ukuhlola kwizizathu kunye neemfuno zomntu).

izidingo ekuphileni

Le yunithi yenye amanqanaba baseline analog kwi iphiramidi Maslow. In Alderfera iquka iimfuno komzimba, kwakunye nemfuneko yokuba ukhuseleko. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ukutya, amanzi, ulale, ukhuseleko - zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza komzimba. Imfundiso nenkuthazo Alderfera, eqalela inkcazo iimfuno zokuqala yeyunithi, kunene nenkcubeko kuneyokuqala.

Ngokutsho Alderferu, abo abasebenzi abasebenza kuphela ngenxa ukugcwalisa ezi mfuno, yiba nomdla kangako kokuqulathwe yabasebenzi. Koko bayicutha ukunikela ingqalelo ukuhlawula, iimeko zokusebenza, amathuba ukuphumla emsebenzini.

iimfuno zentlalo - ukuqatshelwa, kuyiphi

Eli qela libandakanya zonke iimfuno ezikhoyo ngokunxulumene ubume ekuhlaleni, ubudlelwane kunye ngohlobo lwazo. Kuye kudala yamiselwa ukuba uphuhliso ngempumelelo umntu kufuneka abe yinxalenye lonke - iqela loluntu elincinane, iqela uhlanga, kwakucingwa ukuba uluntu yobungcali. Oku kuquka imfuneko ukuzithemba kunye nokuqondwa kwabanye, kwakunye ukhuseleko qela. theory Maslow kunye nethiyori ye Alderfera ezingafaniyo kule nkalo: ukhuseleko iqela ngasekupheleni kweyunithi yesibini.

Njengenxalenye yale ezeNkcubeko wobambiswano kolu didi iilebhile ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisetyenzana emsebenzini, kungenzeka konxibelelwano. Le ndoda uqala ukujonga kwindawo yakhe yomsebenzi, kungekuphela nje ekungenisela imali. Uyaziva ixabiso zoluntu.

Apha kulungile ukubuza Clayton Alderferu umbuzo: I wonder xa ezinokuzalisa imfuneko ngokuqaphela intsilelo kwemali evela umqeshwa, ekufuneka ukondla abantwana yaye ngaloo ndlela ukuhlawula imali-mboleko?

neemfuno zokukhula

Olu didi lubandakanya yonke iminqweno yabantu ezinxulumene self-ekuqondeni. Kubonakala umnqweno ukuzithemba kunye nentlonipho evela kuluntu. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka ibe ngenxa nakuphuhliso lobume womntu, wakhe azithembe.

Ithiyori Kufuneka Alderfera uthi: Abantu abaye alawula olu hlobo ukusetyenziswa, kufuneka asebenzise indlela ekhethekileyo yokusingatha. Baya uzikhathaza ngokwenza ngobunkokheli kunye ukuqondwa ezisemgangathweni zazo kokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba umvuzo kwaye bakhuthaza ngokwemeko yazo.

Umahluko phakathi ngcamango, apho engamelanga ithathwe njenge wamfanisa

Maslow bephikisana, mhlawumbi ngesizathu elungileyo, ukuba naziphi na iimfuno eziphantsi azenzeki, indlela niwuzalise imfuno ephakamileyo ivaliwe. Ngoko ke, lo zentshukumo iphiramidi baso kunokwenzeka kuphela ukusuka asezantsi ukuya kwiibloko eziphezulu.

In Alderfera ingqiqo ishishini eyahlukileyo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, ukuba awanelisekanga iimfuno uphezulwana, usezantsi babe ezifanelekileyo. Le intshukumo umphandi kunokwenzeka kumacala omabini. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ukuhlangabezana imfuneko yokukhulisa kulo msebenzi, ngoko ke uba imfuno engxamisekileyo onxibelelwano kwezentlalo. Ngoko ke, ukuba angabi nako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno mntu mnye, le nkampani ujolise ndiyizalise le kulwaneliseko lamashumi ezinye iimfuno.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ithiyori Alderfera sele lisetyenziswa entsimini kulawulo lombutho. Eyaziwa bhalo ethandwayo leyo ngokuyinxenye ibonisa indlela efanayo kwindawo yequmrhu. Umthengisi efundisa Umqeqeshwa ongenamava waza wambonisa ukuba kungekho imveliso kufuneka anikele endaweni enye. Xa ivenkile umthengi uyeza ubuza yangasese iphepha umthengisi umqeqeshwa ithi: "Uxolo, akukho toilet paper. Kodwa ukunikela sandpaper obalaseleyo. "

Xa iimfuno ezingahlangabezwanga abantu abahlangabezana unxunguphalo - negative karhulumente yengqondo-iimvakalelo xa sijamelene imiqobo.

Ithiyori Kufuneka Alderfera uxoxa athi, nangona intlungu kunye nokungakwazi yokwanelisa imfuno kwinqanaba eliphezulu, umntu unako ukubuyisela kuba yi izidingo ingxaki lwaqho.

Concept Alderfera neeyantlukwano ngabanye

Emva le logic, ukuba umntu akakwazi abone isidingo self-lokuphumeza, ngoko ke uqala ukuhlangabezana neemfuno abakuluhlu liphantsi. Ukuba lowo ubizayo, umzekelo, injineli okanye umongikazi, ayikho nako ukwanelisa imfuno self-actualization, ihlawula ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanye iindlela. Oko kukuthi, izenzo zayo kufuneka lungqinelane ekugqityweni neemfuno zee-odolo ephantsi: yena uya ashiye intloko ukunxibelelana nabahlobo, imicimbi, ukwanelisa ngokwabo bubuthongo, ukutya, kukho inani elikhulu labantu owabelana nabo ngesondo.

Omnye kufuneka sivume ukuba le algorithm nto iyinqaba kumntu ngamnye, nto leyo ke wonqanyulwa, angabikho amathuba ukuphumeza karhulumente self-actualization. Umntu, mhlawumbi, aya ukubonisa yokuziphatha efanayo, kodwa ubukhulu enkulu kwakhona ngenxa yencitho yalo buqu, izinga lokukhula ngokomoya, ubukho okanye ukungabikho iindawo ingxaki kwezinye iinkalo zobomi.

Ukuze umntu eqhelekileyo okunempilo, umzekelo, isini okanye ukutya (imfuneko komyalelo lokuqala) soze indawo ufakelelo ngokweemvakalelo (imfuneko komyalelo yesibini). Kwaye ke, imeko ye self-actualization akunakwenzeka ukuba replacement epheleleyo (hayi indawo) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingundoqo iiyunithi. Kulo mzekelo, iya kuba kunokwenzeka ayikho engekho lwabo - nekungenakwenzeka ukuba ukuhlonipha ukusuka kuluntu okanye ukufikelela kwikhondo lakho abuyekeze kakuhle abalambela banxanelwe.

Le thiyori ngokusesikweni yamkelwe kuluntu lwezenzululwazi kwaye ezinye iingenelo. Kodwa ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokwaneleyo xa kuthelekiswa ne ingqikelelo Maslow. Theory Alderfera kwakhona ubungqina bokuba - kuba oyicinezelayo akubanga inani elaneleyo izifundo zamanani okukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, liye zombini ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Yisebenzise kumsebenzi okanye hayi - umntu ngamnye kufuneka azenzele isigqibo.