Uqhagamshelo yeentambo: functionality. Yeentambo inkqubo yonxibelelwano

Elinye kwiinethiwekhi zeselula kunokuba inkqubo yonxibelelwano trunked. Ezi izisombululo zobuchwepheshe zisetyenziswa kakhulu ehlabathini lonke. Iinkampani Russian ezininzi, ezikarhulumente nezabucala, bakhetha nje unxibelelwano yeentambo efanayo. Yintoni Okukodwa wayo? Ziziphi iingenelo sezisombululo achaphazelekayo phambi neminye imigangatho zonxibelelwano ethandwa kuqaliswa eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe?

Yintoni inkqubo yeentambo?

Yeentambo unxibelelwano - uhlobo lwezibonelelo lonxibelelwano mobile uhlobo ezisentlabathini radially-lommandla. Esebenza ngayo imijelo yokuhambisa baphindayo phakathi kwababhalisi kwimo oluzenzekelayo. Ngaphezu koko, igama elithi "yeentambo unxibelelwano" lihambisana indlela lokufikelela umsebenzisi iseti ekhethiweyo lamajelo, apho uvimba free lwabelwe ku- ngqo ixesha uxhulumaniso.

izibonelelo yeentambo Ngokufuthi:

- kwibala;

- izikhululo isikhokhelo.

Ubume element yokuqala iziseko trunked ibandakanya izikhululo isiseko kunye izilawuli. iimbono zale mihla uhlobo ahambelanayo izixhobo kuvumela ukunika ukusetyenziswa yonxibelelwano sikhokelo umntu, iqela okanye iintlobo call yasasazwa. Kwezinye iimeko kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa enye kwisikhululo lwababhalise omnye ngaphandle kokubhenela izibonelelo kwisiseko sesikhululo.

Uhlobo lonxibelelwano isebenza kuluhlu olubanzi ukhuseleko loluntu imikhosi mngeni. Kubalulekile apha ukuba athobele iimfuno zobugcisa SORM iinkqubo zoqhagamshelwano trunked. Ezo ngokuqhelekileyo ezisisigxina kwimigaqo zesebe.

yeentambo imisebenzi yonxibelelwano:

Cinga imigaqo esisiseko kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano trunked.

iteknoloji efanelekileyo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamaza ultra-mfutshane, kwakunye ukuxhumana ngeselula. Ukwandisa uluhlu uphawu basetyenziswa kwi zabaphindayo izibonelelo trunked. Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba kumafa yayo yangoku kwizikhululo kwesiseko. It angamelwa njengenye okanye izinto ezininzi - kwimeko yokuqala inethiwekhi sibenokubizwa njengendawo kwisiza esinye elinesibini - nje multi-zone.

Unxibelelwano womnatha yeentambo lokuqala ikuvumela ukuba aququzelele intsebenziswano lwababhalisi amakhulu aliqela. Ke kaloku, ngenxa ukuqukwa yothungelwano lwezakhiwo inani elifunekayo lezikhululo esisiseko ukunika ikhonkco phakathi phantse naliphi na inani lwababhalisi. umqhubi yeentambo nga kunika eziphambili call kwezonxibelelwano ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo - engayi. iziseko Modern uhlobo afanelekileyo ukunika ukhuseleko ngokuchasene olungagunyaziswanga amajelo ufikelelo yokuphulaphula, yenza izixhobo imveliso kwi Internet. nezoqhagamshelwano yeentambo digital kunye analog.

Osebenzisa inkqubo yeentambo?

Yeentambo iinkqubo ukuba, njengokuba sibonile ngentla apha, ezi zinto radially-lommandla yothungelwano lwezakhiwo kunye nokuqhuba ngendlela ultra-elifutshane-uluhlu, ezijolise ikakhulu ezinkampani, ukuba arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho. Ngoxa abathengi eziphambili abaqhubi mobile - abantu. Yeentambo na izityalo ukuba umbutho unxibelelwano yokusebenza ngaphakathi amaqela ziingcali - umzekelo, xa ethwele uxanduva, imisebenzi, ndinceda abanye, xa kufikwa neenkonzo zikaxakeka.

Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba ingqalelo Ngenxa zonxibelelwano bafuna iinkonzo karhulumente. Enyanisweni, imibutho echaphazelekayo abangabasebenzisi iphambili yale iintlobo zonxibelelwano. Oku kubangelwa eziliqela ezahlukene yeentambo yonxibelelwano, ingakumbi, ukususela kwiseli - eziqhelekileyo kubemi abaqhelekileyo. ezizezi:

- amathuba phantse lwephanyazo - kwimizuzwana eyi-0.5, udibaniso omnye lwababhalise ukuya kwenye;

- izigqibo ephambili lamajelo zonxibelelwano ;

- amathuba ababhaliselwe omnye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kwisiseko sesikhululo;

- nokufumaneka kwamajelo kumnatha uqwalaselo ngokweemfuno umsebenzisi;

- amathuba amalungiselelo iqela, losasazo, likaxakeka, ubize amabanjwa;

- ukufumaneka kwezibonelelo uguqulele kwi khowudi i unxibelelwano, ukukwazi ukuva incoko lo umrhumo.

Ezi nketho okufana yeselula eziqhelekileyo. Abanye ukufana ne yeentambo ithekhnoloji a Push mobile eqhelekileyo ukuthetha. Ke into eninzi iikhrayitheriya ezingafanelekanga iinkonzo zoluntu.

Solwazi unxibelelwano ngcono yeentambo? Kuqala kwinto zonke, ubuchule kutshintshiselwano lweenkcukacha ifayile ngesantya esiphezulu - phambili imilinganiselo 4G sivumela index ukufikelela amashumi megabits ngomzuzu. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba thaca kwi TETRA unxibelelwano yeentambo eqhelekileyo (ukuba sithethe ngayo iteknoloji version R2), umgaqo, inawo amandla yokosulela data ngesantya esiphezulu.

TETRA - ubuchwepheshe yedijithali uthathwa zonxibelelwano. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i-uqhagamshelo yeentambo "Tetra" kwi kwinguqulelo RI ungaphantsi kancinane Standard R2 - ingakumbi, izinga data. Nangona iinketho eziphambili ithuba omabini nobugcisa efana jikelele. Iza kuba luncedo ukuthelekisa kunye neminye imigangatho efanayo yeentambo unxibelelwano.

imigangatho esisiseko yeentambo yonxibelelwano

Eyona ndlela oqhelekileyo, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, kwabo ihlelwa yedijithali. izibonelelo yeentambo Analog ayikho kakhulu imfuneko. Imigangatho zonxibelelwano ithandwayo olu hlobo:

- EDACS.

- nesazisi.

- TETRA.

- APCO.

Cinga ngeempawu ngamnye kubo ngokweenkcukacha.

EDACS standard

EDACS standard siqulunqwe odumileyo Swedish corporation Ericsson. Yena lichazwa njenge labucala. Lo mgangatho ibandakanya ukudluliswa data ngamajelo usebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi ezitsho (kodwa ngaphakathi MHz 870). Njengenxenye womnatha trunked, it ikuvumela ukuba ukunika unxibelelwano phakathi th-16. Ababhalisele.

Ingqalelo umgangatho ngokwaneleyo oluthembekileyo, kodwa ithathwa ugugile, njengokuba enyanisweni kubandakanya ukosuleleka lwemiqondiso analog, nangona, kwaye usebenzisa izibonelelo yedijithali. Ukongezelela, oko kukuthi, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, ivaliwe. yeentambo izixhobo zonxibelelwano apha naphaya kulo, unokukhupha kuphela inkampani-lomphuhlisi.

nesazisi standard

Lo mgangatho - nazo ivaliwe. He sungula Motorola Corporation. Imfuno inkulu e North America, amanye amazwe yoMzantsi Merika, e-Asia. zobuchwepheshe zihlolisisiwe kuphunyezwa-sikhokelo network buti eqhelekileyo kwababhalisele of mobile iinkonzo baqhubi - ezifana SMS ukuthumela, ifeksi, uqhagamshelo intanethi.

ERashiya, umgangatho efanelekileyo akazange alaqhenqetha, iingcali zithi, kungenxa yokuba, njengoko lisetyenziswe sikhokelo zobungakanani yakhe - 805-821 MHz okanye 855-866 MHz ayikho eliphezulu kakhulu ngokubhekiselele zokusombulula iingxaki abasebenzisi eziphambili kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano trunked ukuba njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, ezi iinkonzo zoluntu. Hi ndlela leyi, inkampani Motorola likhuphe inani izisombululo ukuba iyahambelana zombini yeentambo okanye ubuchwepheshe zeselula.

PAS Tetrapol

Lo mgangatho unxibelelwano waphuhliswa eFransi ngu Matra Communication asebeze iinkonzo French mfihlakalo. Luphawulwa ukubandakanyeka ezitsho iphantsi kakhulu - ukusuka kuma-70 ukuya 520 MHz, ukusetyenziswa leyo asithandwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Noko ke, iinzame Russia ukuba ukuvavanya unxibelelwano umgangatho yeentambo efanelekileyo.

TETRA

Siye sahlolisisa ezinye iinkalo zobugcisa TETRA. Siza kufunda iinkcukacha zayo ezithile.

Yeentambo uqhagamshelo "Tetra" - oku, ke, umgangatho zonxibelelwano ezivulekileyo zenziwa ziingcali zaseYurophu. Ngaphandle yaseYurophu ixesha elide ukuba akuxhaphakanga kakhulu, kodwa ngoku isetyenziswa, iinkampani ezininzi Russian Asia, Afrika iinkampani zoMzantsi Merika.

Lutho ingqalelo umgangatho ivumela ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nabavelisi ezahlukeneyo izixhobo yeentambo unxibelelwano. uceba inkampani ukuvelisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kufuneka, nangona kunjalo, abe lilungu MoU TETRA, ngaloo ndlela eqinisekisa ukuvuma kwayo ukuba negalelo kuphuhliso obu bugcisa. iintlobo ezininzi ukuvelisa izixhobo yeentambo, uthungelwano, weza lo mbutho.

Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba umgangatho R2 ivumela ukudluliswa data ngesantya esiphezulu. Yinto enokwenzeka, ingakumbi, ngenxa yokuba ubuchwepheshe ezinxulumene unxibelelwano yeentambo kudityaniswe iindlela broadband zeselula.

Umgangatho "TETRA 'Russian yaziwa phantsi igama lebrendi" TETRARUS ". Ngoko ke, ukuba isetyenziselwe ukwakha izibonelelo zonxibelelwano ngexesha Olympic Games Sochi.

APCO 25

Enye nonxibelelwano yeentambo - APCO 25. Iphuhliswe nguMbutho of Iinkonzo Zonxibelelwano izakhiwo zokhuseleko. Kwikomkhulu izakhiwo ibekwe US, United of Virginia kunye Florida.

Abaxhamla kule umgangatho - xa ithuba yokubonelela amajelo onxibelelwano kunye inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko enokufikelelwa besebenzisa ubugcisa ezahlukeneyo encryption. Enye ecace ngokukodwa APCO kukuba ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise uluhlu olubanzi ezitsho - ukusuka 139 ukuya 869 MHz. inqanaba eliphezulu lokukhuselwa, nebonelela inkqubo ezifanelekileyo zonxibelelwano yeentambo igqiba imfuno ngokwaneleyo eziphakamileyo ukususela kwiinkonzo ezizodwa Russian.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba eRashiya bajikeleza imilinganiselo awo onxibelelwano, osebenza ngemigaqo yeentambo. ukusebenzisa yabo ngenxa yemfuneko ukwenza izibonelelo zonxibelelwano ethembekileyo kakhulu kwaye ikhuselekile. Ukuba ukubandakanyeka ndlela lisetyenziswa yeentambo inkqubo yonxibelelwano kweli silahRF exhobileyo. Uninzi iiteknoloji zonxibelelwano ezisetyenziswa umkhosi Russian, esenzelwe ngokukodwa iimfuno zokhuselo kwaye ziyilelwe ukuba primnenie abaninzi.

Eyona abanikezela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano trunked eRashiya

Khawuve oko ezinye iibrand eRashiya ukunikezela iinkonzo ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa kumbuzo.

Famous Russian unxibelelwano yeentambo yomsebenzisi - inkampani "RadioTel". It has izibonelelo sokudibanisa lweselula ezitishini ezidolophini. Ngesiqhelo izisombululo kwiinkonzo zexesha likaxakeka, likaxakeka, abathengi zabucala.

Omnye umqhubi yeentambo inkulu Russian - "Tetrasvyaz". Igxininisa ekuphumezeni izisombululo ngaphakathi TETRA umgangatho kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo eRashiya. It linikezela uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo - ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kuthungelwano yeentambo ku msebenzi.

Enye brand engundoqo izisombululo yeentambo kwimarike - "Regiontrank". Le nkampani ibonelela ngeenkonzo ikakhulu kummandla eMoscow, kwakunye kwezinye iingingqi Russian Federation Centre. Brand ukubeka ngokwalo njengomboneleli izisombululo naphaya imigaqo zoshishino kwiinkqubo abasemagunyeni izivumelwano ezithile.

Enye inkampani ezaziwayo-kakuhle, nto leyo osebenza kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe yeentambo - "Centre-Telco". Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba izisombululo yeziseko isicelo, ekusebenzeni kwi-sikhokelo EDACS standard.

Namathemba kuphuhliso izisombululo yeentambo eRashiya

Ngoko safunda ukuba unxibelelwano yeentambo, umgaqo yokwakha unxibelelwano kunye nemilinganiselo yayo. Ngoku makhe sibone oko iingcali zithi malunga amathuba ukwenzela uphuhliso kwezisombululo ezifanelekileyo eRashiya. Le ngxaki ke isihloko iinkomfa ezinkulu kunye nabameli imboni Russian - arhente, abanikezeli nkonzo kunye nabathengi zabo.

Uluntu lixoxa amancedo izisombululo yeentambo olufanelekileyo ngokuyintloko ubugcisa zeselula, kwakunye nokusebenza imigangatho ezikhoyo ngothungelwano data kwi Russian Federation. Ngoko ke, phakathi neengcali kummandla izisombululo ekuthethwa, kwincopho eqhelekileyo lwembono, njengako apho iRashiya wayeza kuba ngcono kodwa TETRA iteknoloji nje - ukuvumela uphuhliso lweenkonzo ngefoni kule Russian Federation.

Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba "TETRA" umgangatho sele ezikhethiweyo ukwakha izibonelelo zonxibelelwano lwe-Olimpiki Games Sochi. Kodwa eRashiya, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, amelwe uninzi yeentambo technologies kwezo ezisebenza naphi na ehlabathini - yaye loo nto zamadoda phuhliso ezikhethekileyo emkhosini. Inani elikhulu iintlobo ezifanelekileyo kwezisombululo elungiselwe i-Russian Federation, ngenxa, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukunqongophala iyunifom eyamkelwa kwinqanaba federal, iikhrayitheriya ngokukhetha iteknoloji kumaqonga kakuhle ukwakha izibonelelo yeentambo.

Uphuhliso uhlobo nelo yonxibelelwano baseRashiya kunokuba imbono nzima ezimbini iingenelo kwezi zigqibo yeentloko zamasebe, abangabasebenzisi eziphambili zobugcisa kuxoxwa. Kubo ke akusoloko noludumileyo ezicacileyo yeentambo iziseko phezu kwiinethiwekhi zeselula. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, isibakala sokuba izixhobo kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano yeentambo analog, izisombululo digital ngohlobo olufanelekileyo kufuneka, njengoko umthetho, ngokuphawulekayo ibiza ngaphezu Soup ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa yeselula. Kulo mzekelo, ii-arhente badla musa ithathele ingqalelo izinto ezicacileyo of yeentambo unxibelelwano - kukuthi, ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko thethwano kunye nokudlulisela ulwazi. Kwakhona, neendleko ezinxulumene ne usebenzisa umnxeba, xa uthethathethwano yeentambo izisombululo kunokuba ngaphantsi kakhulu ngakumbi kwimeko yonxibelelwano yeselula - kunye kuyilo eyiyo olu hlobo izibonelelo zonxibelelwano.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba lo mgaqo unxibelelwano yeentambo asisebenzi kuphela ukuqinisekisa thethwano zokusebenza phakathi kwababhalisi. Ngokusekelwe ubugcisa afanelekileyo lingaphunyezwa into Positioning System - ngokusebenzisana layo GPS-zilungelelanise, kwakunye nakumaziko ayo umkhondo nokubeka iliso. Ngelo xesha ekwakheni iziseko efanelekileyo ukuze zifuna ukuthatyathwa izisombululo kabini uxabisa kakhulu - niyivume kakuhle izixhobo ezaneleyo kunye engapheliyo. Le ndlela nesicelo yeentambo unxibelelwano - esinye factor ukukhula umdla kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo Russian kunye nee-arhente.

isishwankathelo

Ngoko safunda ukuba iteknoloji yeentambo, ingqalelo imilinganiselo eziphambili unxibelelwano, ohambelana kubo. Eyona engundoqo abasebenzisi izigqibo ezifanelekileyo - iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo Russian, izakhiwo zeziko, amashishini amakhulu. Iiyunithi umkhosi Russian kusetyenziswa inkqubo yonxibelelwano yeentambo, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa imisebenzi zomkhosi - hlwele.

Okulungileyo eziziimpawu iiteknoloji: data nokusebenza kwemali, inkcazelo yokhuseleko, ukudluliselwa data ngesantya esiphezulu (kwimeko imigangatho kwidijithali), ukukwazi ukwakha uthungelwano kwi isikali elikhulu - yanika ukusetyenziswa eziphakamileyo enikwe kwi imali eyaneleyo lwezikhululo esisiseko.

Xa iinethiwekhi yeentambo, ukuba zininzi izinto esifana ngazo yeselula - intsebenziswano kuluhlu ultra-elifutshane, ubuchule ukuthumela imiyalezo phakathi kwisixhobo, uze ungene kwi-Intanethi xa ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. izisombululo Hardware esetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo yeentambo ke, zidla imali eninzi kakhulu. Kodwa inkampani zabo client olenzelwe nokuphunyezwa kwayo okuya ukusindisa kakhulu - ikakhulu izithuthi.

Kweli hlabathi wenza abaliqela yeentambo imigangatho zonxibelelwano. In Russia naseYurophu, ezixhobo ethandwa luphawulwa "TETRA" kwi US - APCO. Ngoxa eRashiya abanesidanga elithile lomsebenzi libandakanyeka kakhulu imigangatho yeentambo yehlabathi.

Namathemba uhlobo olufanelekileyo wombane kwi Russian Federation ixhomekeke ikakhulu kuhlobo zobugcisa baya kwamkelwa phambili - ubuncinane kwiingingqi ezininzi zeli lizwe. Kukho izizathu ukuba bathi umgangatho engundoqo iya kuba "TETRA" - njengoko ifanelekileyo iRashiya ezisekelwe kuphuhliso ezithile kwimarike ezonxibelelwano kweli lizwe.

Okunye imeko ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ngempumelelo kwimimandla technology ezifana yeentambo zonxibelelwano kwi-Russian Federation - ukunyusa izinga lolwazi ulawulo nobuchule amasebe, ezo abasebenzisi kanye okunokwenzeka izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Nangona eziluncedo ezininzi izakhiwo igunya phantsi ingqalelo kweekhonsepthi zeteknoloji - boni. Kodwa, Kakade, ukuba yeentambo izisombululo kwi Russian Federation - inayo umthengi wayo, yaye sele isetyenziswa ixakeke kakhulu. In Russia bamkela imigaqo elawula ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo zokhuseleko technology ezifanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwinqanaba yommiselo lezomthetho Russian Federation wadala iimeko uphuhliso yeentambo unxibelelwano.

Kakade ke, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba aqulunqe ze aphuhlise nezinye izinto zomthetho, isiphumo apho aya kusebenza kwakhona kwindawo yoluntu - kodwa kwimeko umdla noluntu lwezoshishino kunye namaziko ezinkulu, umntu angalindela amanyathelo afanelekileyo kwinqanaba lolawulo ngabasemagunyeni.

Development iiteknoloji kuqwalaselwa kwi-Russian Federation kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu ukwandiswa ububanzi isicelo, kuquka ukuphuculwa kwe-hardware ne-software actuated ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwezibonelelo yeentambo le.