UYise imbali, nguHerodotus. Ixabiso lika "Imbali" lakhe bexesha lakhe nezazi kamva

Malunga ke, lowo ubizwa ngokuba uyise kwembali, kukho ezininzi iintsomi namarhe. Kuthiwa nokushicilela umsebenzi wakhe, eye ukuqaphela imbali njenge inzululwazi yokwenene, ubhala ukuba ekhethekileyo ukuba izazinzulu ukuba phantse zange ashiye abafundi indawo kwi zihlandlo ludale imisebenzi yakhe uze ujonge kuzo ngexesha lengxoxo yenzululwazi . Loo memory elide unemali ekhethekileyo ngokwenene uhlobo, izazinzulu zayo, eshiya uphando kakhulu kwinkalo yobuchule babo. Kwaye enye yezi izazinzulu yaba yekaHerodotus omkhulu, owayehlala Mandulo Greece ngenkulungwane 5 BC, nto leyo ngokufanelekileyo kwamenza lesiqhulo uyise imbali.

UHerodotus nefilosofi

igama UHerodotus nokuyinto ezingenakwahlulwa kunye nembali zululwazi amandulo mihla. Umthamo yelifa lakhe kunzima ukuqonda ukusuka kwindawo umbono mbali mihla, kuba thina ingxelo kunye nohlalutyo ziganeko zembali - yinto ubhalo nezendalo. Kakhulu omnye zelimiweyo amaGrike amandulo.

Phakathi zobulumko zamaGrike alawulwa yi ingcamango yokuba ezaziwayo kunokuba njalo kuphela. Baye ingqalelo ukufunda ngendalo, ukukhathaza yokwenene yentlalo kunye nembali. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba isifundo idlulileyo uluntu - umsebenzi ndingenathemba, ekubeni ngokuba ixesha idlule yaye, ke ngoko, imbali wamazi.

UHerodotus 'History' yakhe

UHorace Lucian uchaza oko UHerodotus iphumelele udumo ngeentsuku nje ezine. Kangangexesha elide wasebenza eyedwa, echaza ixesha elidluleyo lokuphila ecumene. UTata wahlala kwimbali solar Halicarnassus, apho ixesha elide babesebenza ukuqokelelwa kunye nohlalutyo izibakala ezinqongopheleyo yezembali, ukuba akwazi zibalele. Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wakhe, waza waya Olympia, apho yi ngexesha kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki zaye zabanjwa. Apho UHerodotus wathetha abaphulaphuli etempileni nguZeyus wanika kufundwa yomsebenzi wakhe. Abaphulaphuli sothuka ngokunjalo nolwazi andlale yakhe kwangaphambili, nto leyo nangoko babelwa imithamo asithoba leyo "imbali" yekaHerodotus, amagama uthi ezilithoba. Ekupheleni khuphiswano abaphulaphuli unomdla kangako ukwenza kunye nempumelelo zemidlalo neentshatsheli ozithandayo, amaphepha abatsha abaninzi nguHerodotus indalo.

Sabika kwihlabathi lamandulo

Lucian wayengenguye owayephila ngexesha yekaHerodotus, amanqaku zakhe yena wabhala kamva, kwiminyaka engamakhulu amathandathu emva kokufa Greek enkulu. Ngoko ke, abaninzi ngeenkcukacha zebali zakhe kubangela ezinye amathandabuzo. Akuthandeki ukuba uyise yembali bakwazi ukufunda esidlangalaleni "Imbali" ukuze uluntu version ngokupheleleyo. Wonke umsebenzi wakhe lungaphezu "Iliad" yaye "Odyssey" zidityanisiwe. Ukongeza, ezinye abaphengululi bathi lo msebenzi omkhulu wahlala phahla. "Imbali" zenkcazo nguHerodotus iphela umboniso yokwenza wasePersi. Ezinye izahluko baye basinda kuphela ngokohlobo amakhonkco kunye namacandelo amakishiweyo.

Ngumfundi sabika Thucydides kuqwalaselwa ngokusesikweni, kodwa imigaqo iinkcazo bakhe, ingakumbi kwi "Amabali War Punic", yahluke ngokupheleleyo kuso into ebhalwe ngu nguHerodotus. "Imbali i Punic Iimfazwe" lakhe ibhalwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, akayi kuphinda, kodwa ekuphikiseni ezingu komanduleli wakhe.

Isiqinisekiso engangqalanga ukuthandwa nguHerodotus ukuba ezilinganisa izakhiwo amabali bakhe zikwenza kubonakale ngathi ka Aristophanes. Ndiyavuma, ukuba kunzima ukwenza lumo esekelwe iincwadi zivale okanye athandwe. Umhlola abaphandi zokuqala kwiinkulungwane obefudula ilayibrari adumileyo yasePergamon. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, uAristotle wancoma umsebenzi yekaHerodotus, ichazwa njenge lomzekelo-mbali engumzekelo.

UYise imbali okanye esimi nguyise?

Igama yooyise imbali lula neyongezelelwe ezahlukeneyo izihloko. Abo ke bexesha lakhe, kunye nabaphandi elizayo. Kunye namalungelo alinganayo emfaneleyo isihloko 'uyise imbali "," geography woyise "," uyise ezizwe. " Ngalinye inoveli yakhe sembali lwandulelwe isandulela emfutshane, nto leyo ichaza indawo eendawo, igama, kunye nezithethe zabantu, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa. Umzekelo, echaza iphulo ka-Ahaswerosi e Sparta, nguHerodotus akabalibali ukukhankanya kwamagcisa ukuba wenze yezonyango Kallateb entabeni, okanye ukuthetha ngezilwanyana zasendle ukuba wayephila ngelo xesha French emahlathini. Iintlobo ulwazi - oyinyaniso yaye nini, wachaza nangononophelo efanayo ngokungathi ngumnikelo inzala yabo ukuqonda nezo inyaniso nangeyonyani.

udumo echo

Kodwa izikolo ezahlukeneyo imbali ayavuma kwinto enye - ukuba UHerodotus waba ngumntu wokuqala owanikela imbali ngobume inzululwazi, ngenxa iprism bamaRoma yomsebenzi, aphakathi kunye kamva kwakhokelela isikolo ukuchaza isithethe modernity yayo. Ukufunyanwa yemisebenzi yakhe kwi Renaissance wanikela wabangela ukuba ukuqonda inkcubeko yamandulo. Imisebenzi kwimbali nguHerodotus isikolo Russian kakhulu Karamzin, abathe baphumelela ukukhuthazwa yamandulo phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe.